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Science Forum Index » Languages Forum » use of numbers for transcribing Arabic
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| Hugo Coolens |
Posted: Thu Jan 22, 2004 5:37 am |
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Does anyone know where the use of numbers to transcribe (colloquial)
Arabic stems from?
I have seen 3 and 9 used as a means to represent ''ayn
I also saw 7 used for H like in 7abib, a7la
Why exactly do they use 7 for H and 3 or 9 for ''ayn?
regards,
Hugo |
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| Ruud Harmsen |
Posted: Thu Jan 22, 2004 7:48 am |
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Thu, 22 Jan 2004 11:37:51 +0100: Hugo Coolens <hugocoolens@skynet.be>:
in sci.lang:
Quote: Does anyone know where the use of numbers to transcribe (colloquial)
Arabic stems from?
I first thought you meant different verb stems of the same root, but
now I think you don't. So where you write 'stem' you really mean
'root"?
Verb stems I have seen indciated by roman numerals.
Quote: I have seen 3 and 9 used as a means to represent ''ayn
I also saw 7 used for H like in 7abib, a7la
Why exactly do they use 7 for H and 3 or 9 for ''ayn?
Probably just a transliteration scheme. The Arabic alphabet has
letters the Latin alphabet lacks. 3 and 9 vaguely resemble forms of
the Arabic letter `ain, or of phonetic symbols for its sounds. 7 may
be used for the emphatic h, because the [h] is also a sound of the
Arabic language, and a letter in the alphabet. And it sounds very
different.
--
Ruud Harmsen, http://rudhar.com/ |
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| Hugo Coolens |
Posted: Thu Jan 22, 2004 7:58 am |
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Ruud Harmsen wrote:
Quote: Thu, 22 Jan 2004 11:37:51 +0100: Hugo Coolens <hugocoolens@skynet.be>:
in sci.lang:
Does anyone know where the use of numbers to transcribe (colloquial)
Arabic stems from?
I first thought you meant different verb stems of the same root, but
now I think you don't. So where you write 'stem' you really mean
'root"?
Verb stems I have seen indciated by roman numerals.
I just used "to stem from" to say "to come from", sorry for the confusion
Quote:
I have seen 3 and 9 used as a means to represent ''ayn
I also saw 7 used for H like in 7abib, a7la
Why exactly do they use 7 for H and 3 or 9 for ''ayn?
Probably just a transliteration scheme. The Arabic alphabet has
letters the Latin alphabet lacks. 3 and 9 vaguely resemble forms of
the Arabic letter `ain, or of phonetic symbols for its sounds.
OK, they look indeed a bit like the _mirrored_ glyph of `ayn
Quote: 7 may
be used for the emphatic h, because the [h] is also a sound of the
Arabic language, and a letter in the alphabet. And it sounds very
different.
but why 7 for emphatic h? Do you think also because of resemblance with
the corresponding glyph in this case?
I also wonder whether other numbers are also used for other characters?
regards,
Hugo |
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| Peter T. Daniels |
Posted: Thu Jan 22, 2004 8:05 am |
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Hugo Coolens wrote:
Quote:
Does anyone know where the use of numbers to transcribe (colloquial)
Arabic stems from?
I have seen 3 and 9 used as a means to represent ''ayn
I also saw 7 used for H like in 7abib, a7la
Why exactly do they use 7 for H and 3 or 9 for ''ayn?
Are you too young to remember typewriters? They were mechanical devices
for imitating "printing" at home, and even the largest of them couldn't
accommodate more than 92 different characters (84 and 88 were more
typical, on 42 or 44 keys). That means there was very little opportunity
to replace less-used characters with ones needed by Arabists, so
recourse was had to number-keys to stand for letters they somewhat
resembled.
This was not restricted to Colloquial Arabic.
If they used 7 for H, that means they didn't even have an underdot
character -- what did they use for the other letters traditionally
transliterated using an underdot?
(You could put underdot and macron on a single "dead" key -- one that
didn't advance the "carriage" when it was struck.)
(I've never seen 3 for `ayn -- it's backward -- but 9 also rhymes.) |
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| Peter T. Daniels |
Posted: Thu Jan 22, 2004 8:30 am |
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Hugo Coolens wrote:
Quote:
Ruud Harmsen wrote:
Thu, 22 Jan 2004 11:37:51 +0100: Hugo Coolens <hugocoolens@skynet.be>:
in sci.lang:
Does anyone know where the use of numbers to transcribe (colloquial)
Arabic stems from?
I first thought you meant different verb stems of the same root, but
now I think you don't. So where you write 'stem' you really mean
'root"?
Verb stems I have seen indciated by roman numerals.
I just used "to stem from" to say "to come from", sorry for the confusion
There was nothing wrong with your sentence. To interpret it as Ruud did,
you'd have had to have said "... where the use of numbers to transcribe
(colloquial) Arabic stems comes from."
Quote: I have seen 3 and 9 used as a means to represent ''ayn
I also saw 7 used for H like in 7abib, a7la
Why exactly do they use 7 for H and 3 or 9 for ''ayn?
Probably just a transliteration scheme. The Arabic alphabet has
letters the Latin alphabet lacks. 3 and 9 vaguely resemble forms of
the Arabic letter `ain, or of phonetic symbols for its sounds.
OK, they look indeed a bit like the _mirrored_ glyph of `ayn
7 may
be used for the emphatic h, because the [h] is also a sound of the
Arabic language, and a letter in the alphabet. And it sounds very
different.
but why 7 for emphatic h? Do you think also because of resemblance with
the corresponding glyph in this case?
I also wonder whether other numbers are also used for other characters?
See the correct explanation in my earlier post.
--
Peter T. Daniels grammatim@att.net |
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| Ruud Harmsen |
Posted: Thu Jan 22, 2004 9:54 am |
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Thu, 22 Jan 2004 13:58:21 +0100: Hugo Coolens <hugocoolens@skynet.be>:
in sci.lang:
Quote: Ruud Harmsen wrote:
Thu, 22 Jan 2004 11:37:51 +0100: Hugo Coolens <hugocoolens@skynet.be>:
in sci.lang:
Does anyone know where the use of numbers to transcribe (colloquial)
Arabic stems from?
I first thought you meant different verb stems of the same root, but
now I think you don't. So where you write 'stem' you really mean
'root"?
Verb stems I have seen indciated by roman numerals.
I just used "to stem from" to say "to come from", sorry for the confusion
Ah, yes, I misread you, my mistake. Sorry.
--
Ruud Harmsen, http://rudhar.com/ |
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| Hugo Coolens |
Posted: Thu Jan 22, 2004 10:00 am |
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Ruud Harmsen wrote:
Quote: Thu, 22 Jan 2004 13:58:21 +0100: Hugo Coolens <hugocoolens@skynet.be>:
in sci.lang:
Ruud Harmsen wrote:
Thu, 22 Jan 2004 11:37:51 +0100: Hugo Coolens <hugocoolens@skynet.be>:
in sci.lang:
Does anyone know where the use of numbers to transcribe (colloquial)
Arabic stems from?
I first thought you meant different verb stems of the same root, but
now I think you don't. So where you write 'stem' you really mean
'root"?
Verb stems I have seen indciated by roman numerals.
I just used "to stem from" to say "to come from", sorry for the confusion
Ah, yes, I misread you, my mistake. Sorry.
It doesn't matter Ruud, just another example of how easily the mind can be
fooled. Anyway, what do _you_ think of the resemblance between a 7 and the
glyph for H in Arabic?
Hugo |
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| cu700 |
Posted: Thu Jan 22, 2004 10:10 am |
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On Thu, 22 Jan 2004 11:37:51 +0100, Hugo Coolens
<hugocoolens@skynet.be> wrote:
Quote: Does anyone know where the use of numbers to transcribe (colloquial)
it's not restriced to colloquial arabic, for classical arabic as well.
the idea is to stick to what is on the ASCII keyboard.
they started in european grammars about arabic and became popular
with internet users.
Quote: I have seen 3 and 9 used as a means to represent ''ayn
I also saw 7 used for H like in 7abib, a7la
Why exactly do they use 7 for H and 3 or 9 for ''ayn?
they vaguely resemble the actual letters in arabic.
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| Yusuf B Gursey |
Posted: Thu Jan 22, 2004 2:54 pm |
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Hugo Coolens <hugocoolens@skynet.be> wrote in message news:<400FA7FF.59281CE5@skynet.be>...
Quote: Does anyone know where the use of numbers to transcribe (colloquial)
Arabic stems from?
not having diacritics or an approriate keyboard fro extra charcaters.
I have seen it a lot on the internet.
Quote: I have seen 3 and 9 used as a means to represent ''ayn
I also saw 7 used for H like in 7abib, a7la
Why exactly do they use 7 for H and 3 or 9 for ''ayn?
they look vaguely like the woriginal letters. I use 3 for `ayn. |
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| Herb Martin |
Posted: Thu Jan 22, 2004 5:55 pm |
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Quote: Are you too young to remember typewriters? They were mechanical devices
.....
This was not restricted to Colloquial Arabic.
If they used 7 for H, that means they didn't even have an underdot
character -- what did they use for the other letters traditionally
transliterated using an underdot?
Since Arabic doesn't use "capital" letters many transliteration schemes,
including many used today, use "capital D, S, H, DH, T" for the "underdot",
or
for "emphatic letters."
This still leaves the letters with no real English equivalent like 'ain,
ghain, and
hamza to represent.
Biggest problem is that one must learn a new transliteration scheme with
almost
every textbook or resource.
Another issue is that most transliteration schemes are inconsistent about
whether
they are representing the Arabic characters directly or representing the
sounds.
Arabic is much closer to being phonetic than English but this still
introduces another
level of ambiguity.
Or course, the Arabic habit of omitting the "short vowels" is another source
of
confusion.
--
Herb Martin |
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| Avi Jacobson |
Posted: Fri Jan 23, 2004 11:33 pm |
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"Peter T. Daniels" <grammatim@worldnet.att.net> wrote in message
news:400FCA83.2740@worldnet.att.net...
Quote: Are you too young to remember typewriters? They were mechanical devices
for imitating "printing" at home, and even the largest of them couldn't
accommodate more than 92 different characters (84 and 88 were more
typical, on 42 or 44 keys). That means there was very little opportunity
to replace less-used characters with ones needed by Arabists, so
recourse was had to number-keys to stand for letters they somewhat
resembled.
Not to mention using the LETTER key <lower-case L> to print the NUMBER <1>.
Please don't tell me I'm the only one who had a typewriter without a 1 key.
And lacking a 1/! key, the only way to type an exclamation point was
apostrophe-backspace-period. There were ingenious ways to center and justify
text and create tables, complete with vertical and horizontal lines. |
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| Herb Martin |
Posted: Sat Jan 24, 2004 1:01 am |
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"Avi Jacobson" <avi-j@pacbell.net> wrote in message
news:pAmQb.5368$HJ2.1256@newssvr29.news.prodigy.com...
Quote:
Not to mention using the LETTER key <lower-case L> to print the NUMBER
1>.
Please don't tell me I'm the only one who had a typewriter without a 1
key.
And lacking a 1/! key, the only way to type an exclamation point was
apostrophe-backspace-period. There were ingenious ways to center and
justify
text and create tables, complete with vertical and horizontal lines.
Ok, I owned a typewriter without numeral-1, where one used a lowercase-l (L)
but never one without an "exclamation point." <Grin>
(Other than a toy one which had no lowercase at all -- I don't recall which
symbols
were present.)
--
Herb Martin |
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| Peter T. Daniels |
Posted: Sat Jan 24, 2004 7:40 am |
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Avi Jacobson wrote:
Quote:
"Peter T. Daniels" <grammatim@worldnet.att.net> wrote in message
news:400FCA83.2740@worldnet.att.net...
Are you too young to remember typewriters? They were mechanical devices
for imitating "printing" at home, and even the largest of them couldn't
accommodate more than 92 different characters (84 and 88 were more
typical, on 42 or 44 keys). That means there was very little opportunity
to replace less-used characters with ones needed by Arabists, so
recourse was had to number-keys to stand for letters they somewhat
resembled.
Not to mention using the LETTER key <lower-case L> to print the NUMBER <1>.
Please don't tell me I'm the only one who had a typewriter without a 1 key.
And lacking a 1/! key, the only way to type an exclamation point was
apostrophe-backspace-period. There were ingenious ways to center and justify
text and create tables, complete with vertical and horizontal lines.
And what was wrong with that?
You also didn't need to use up a key for question-mark if you had a
glottal-stop.
--
Peter T. Daniels grammatim@att.net |
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| Peter T. Daniels |
Posted: Sat Jan 24, 2004 7:42 am |
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Herb Martin wrote:
Quote:
"Avi Jacobson" <avi-j@pacbell.net> wrote in message
news:pAmQb.5368$HJ2.1256@newssvr29.news.prodigy.com...
Not to mention using the LETTER key <lower-case L> to print the NUMBER
1>.
Please don't tell me I'm the only one who had a typewriter without a 1
key.
And lacking a 1/! key, the only way to type an exclamation point was
apostrophe-backspace-period. There were ingenious ways to center and
justify
text and create tables, complete with vertical and horizontal lines.
Ok, I owned a typewriter without numeral-1, where one used a lowercase-l (L)
but never one without an "exclamation point." <Grin
So where was the exclamation point? Typewriters that have them put them
on the 1 key. You had to do without something else in order to get a
dedicated exclamation point.
BTW people still type "l" for "1"; you can see it in typeset books all
the time.
--
Peter T. Daniels grammatim@att.net |
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| Herb Martin |
Posted: Sat Jan 24, 2004 10:52 am |
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Quote: So where was the exclamation point? Typewriters that have them put them
on the 1 key. You had to do without something else in order to get a
dedicated exclamation point.
I meant that had Numeral-1 but not the exclamation point -- I was unclear.
--
Herb Martin
"Peter T. Daniels" <grammatim@worldnet.att.net> wrote in message
news:40126845.440D@worldnet.att.net...
Quote: Herb Martin wrote:
"Avi Jacobson" <avi-j@pacbell.net> wrote in message
news:pAmQb.5368$HJ2.1256@newssvr29.news.prodigy.com...
Not to mention using the LETTER key <lower-case L> to print the NUMBER
1>.
Please don't tell me I'm the only one who had a typewriter without a 1
key.
And lacking a 1/! key, the only way to type an exclamation point was
apostrophe-backspace-period. There were ingenious ways to center and
justify
text and create tables, complete with vertical and horizontal lines.
Ok, I owned a typewriter without numeral-1, where one used a lowercase-l
(L)
but never one without an "exclamation point." <Grin
BTW people still type "l" for "1"; you can see it in typeset books all
the time.
--
Peter T. Daniels grammatim@att.net |
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