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Science Forum Index » Life Extension Forum » Recent publications of interest
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| Thomas Carter |
 Posted: Fri Jan 02, 2004 1:35 am |
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Hi,
FASEB J. 2003 Dec 19 [Epub ahead of print]. Related Articles, Links
Adipose tissue energy metabolism: altered gene expression profile of
mice subjected to long-term caloric restriction.
Higami Y, Pugh TD, Page GP, Allison DB, Prolla TA, Weindruch R.
We investigated the influences of short-term and
lifespan-prolonging long-term caloric restriction (LCR) on gene
expression in white adipose tissue (WAT). Over 11,000 genes were
examined using high-density oligonucleotide microarrays in four groups
of 10- to 11-month-old male C57Bl6 mice that were either fasted for 18
h before death (F), subjected to short-term caloric restriction for 23
days (SCR), or LCR for 9 months and compared with nonfasted control
(CO) mice. Only a few transcripts of F and SCR were differentially
expressed compared with CO mice. In contrast, 345 transcripts of 6,266
genes found to be expressed in WAT were altered significantly by LCR.
The expression of several genes encoding proteins involved in energy
metabolism was increased by LCR. Further, many of the shifts in gene
expression after LCR are known to occur during adipocyte
differentiation. Selected LCR-associated alterations of gene
expression were supported by quantitative reverse
transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction, histology, and histochemical
examinations. Our data provide new insights on the metabolic state
associated with aging retardation by LCR. PMID: 14688200
Microsc Res Tech. 2003 Dec 15;62(6):524-39. Related Articles, Links
Apoptosis in primary lymphoid organs with aging.
Sainz RM, Mayo JC, Reiter RJ, Tan DX, Rodriguez C.
Departamento de Morfologia y Biologia Celular, Instituto Universitario
de Oncologia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Oviedo, C/Julian
Claveria s/n. 33006 Oviedo, Spain. rmsainz@correo.uniovi.es
Age-associated changes in the immune system are responsible for an
increased likelihood of infection, autoimmune diseases, and cancer in
the elderly. Immunosenescence is characterized by reduced levels of
the peripheral naive T cell pool derived from thymus and the loss of
immature B lineage cells in the bone marrow. Primary lymphoid organs,
i.e., bone marrow and thymus, exhibit a loss of cellularity with age,
which is especially dramatic in the thymus. A summary of major changes
associated with aging in primary lymphoid organs is described in this
article. The participation of apoptosis in cell loss in the immune
system, a change associated with age, as well as a description of
molecular machinery involved, is presented. Finally, the involvement
of different hormonal and non-hormonal agents in counteracting
apoptosis in thymus and bone marrow during aging is explained. Here,
we underlie the important role of glucocorticoids as immunodepressors
and melatonin as an immunostimulatory agent. Copyright 2003
Wiley-Liss, Inc.PMID: 14635146
Neurology. 2003 Dec 23;61(12):1667-1672. Related Articles, Links
Low blood pressure and the risk of dementia in very old individuals.
Verghese J, Lipton RB, Hall CB, Kuslansky G, Katz MJ.
Einstein Aging Study (Drs. Verghese, Lipton, Hall, and Kuslansky, M.J.
Katz) and Departments of Neurology (Drs. Verghese, Lipton, Hall, and
Kuslansky, M.J. Katz)and Epidemiology and Population Health (Drs.
Lipton and Hall), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY.
BACKGROUND: The role of blood pressure (BP) as a risk factor
for dementia is complex and may be age dependent. In very old
individuals, low BP might increase risk for dementia, perhaps by
reducing cerebral perfusion pressure. METHODS: The association between
BP and dementia was examined in the Bronx Aging Study, a prospective
study of 488 community-dwelling elderly individuals over age 75,
dementia-free at baseline (1980 to 1983) and followed at 12- to
18-month intervals. Subjects with baseline BP and with at least one
follow-up visit were included (n = 406). Incident dementia was
diagnosed using the criteria of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual
of Mental Disorders (3rd rev. ed.). RESULTS: Over 21 years (median 6.7
years), 122 subjects developed dementia (65 Alzheimer's disease [AD],
28 vascular dementia, 29 other dementias). Relative risk of dementia
increased for each 10-mm Hg decrement in diastolic (hazard ratio [HR]
1.20, 95% CI 1.03 to 1.40) and mean arterial (HR 1.16, 95% CI 1.02 to
1.32) pressure, adjusted for age, sex, and education. Low diastolic BP
significantly influenced risk of developing AD but not vascular
dementia. Upon examination of groups defined by BP, mildly to
moderately raised systolic BP (140 to 179 mm Hg) was associated with
reduced risk for AD (HR vs normal systolic BP group 0.55, 95% CI 0.32
to 0.96), whereas low diastolic BP (</=70 mm Hg) was associated with
increased risk of AD (HR vs normal diastolic BP group 1.91, 95% CI
1.05 to 3.4 . Subjects with persistent low BP over 2 years had higher
risk of developing dementia (HR 2.19, 95% CI 1.27 to 3.77).
CONCLUSIONS: Low diastolic pressure is associated with higher risk of
dementia in elderly individuals over age 75. Dementia risk was higher
in subjects with persistently low BP. PMID: 14694027
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Biochem Soc Trans. 2003 Dec;31(Pt 6):1447-9. Related Articles, Links
Vascular endothelial dysfunction in aging: loss of Akt-dependent
endothelial nitric oxide synthase phosphorylation and partial
restoration by (R)-alpha-lipoic acid.
Smith AR, Hagen TM.
Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics and Linus Pauling Institute,
571 Weniger Hall, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, U.S.A.
Aging is the single largest risk factor for cardiovascular
diseases, which in turn are the leading cause of death of individuals
over the age of 65 years. In part, this risk is due to a profound loss
of vasomotor function of the major conduit arteries, primarily because
of lower levels of endothelial-derived nitric oxide. The mechanisms
involved in vascular dysfunction are not entirely understood, but
age-related alterations in eNOS (endothelial nitric oxide synthase)
activity appear to be a likely source of the aging lesion. However,
age-related changes in cell signalling that ultimately affect eNOS
phosphorylation and its activity have not been explored. Results in
our laboratory indicate that levels of eNOS phosphorylation in aortas
from aged F344xBN rats (28-30 months old) are almost 50% lower than in
aortas from young animals (3 months old). Lower eNOS phosphorylation
is directly attributable to loss of constitutive Akt/protein kinase B
activity. The decline in eNOS phosphorylation can be partially
restored by treating old rats with (R)-alpha-lipoic acid. These
results thus suggest that age-related changes in eNOS phosphorylation
may be a significant factor in the overall loss of vasomotor function
in the elderly.PMID: 14641086 |
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