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Science Forum Index » Mathematics Forum » Bilateral condensation points in R
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Message |
| Amanda |
Posted: Tue Dec 23, 2003 9:23 am |
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Hello,
Discussing this subject in previous posts, I came to the following
conclusions:
If S is an uncountable subset of R (the reals), B is the set of
bilateral condensation points of S and U is the set of unilateral
condensation points of S, then:
(1) B is uncountable and U is countable.
(2) B intersect S is uncountable and U intersect S is countable.
(3) B is open and U is closed.
I couldn't give a proof, but it looks to me that, for every
uncountable S, B intersect S is open and U intersect S is closed. Is
this really true? Could anyone please outline a proof or give a
counter example?
I'm not sure if bilateral and unilateral condensation points are
standard terminology. But they mean exactly what the term suggests. x
is a bilateral condensation point of S if, for every eps>0, both
(x-eps, x) and (x, x+eps) contain uncountably many elements of S; and
x is unilateral if one of these intervals, but not both, contains
uncountably many elements of S.
Thank you
Amanda |
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| William Elliot |
Posted: Tue Dec 23, 2003 10:15 am |
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On Tue, 23 Dec 2003, Amanda wrote:
Quote: Discussing this subject in previous posts, I came to the following
conclusions:
If S is an uncountable subset of R (the reals), B is the set of
bilateral condensation points of S and U is the set of unilateral
condensation points of S, then:
(1) B is uncountable and U is countable.
I presented a proof of this in the previous thread which was an
idea taken from another's post of a yet prior thread on this topic.
Did you see my post?
Quote: (2) B intersect S is uncountable and U intersect S is countable.
Of course U /\ S is countable as it's subset countable set.
The construction I gave for B was to remove countable many points from S.
Thus B /\ S = B is uncountable.
Quote: (3) B is open and U is closed.
B may not be open. For example let uncountable S = R\Q.
Every point of S is bilateral condensending so B = S.
However the irrationals aren't open, instead they have empty interior.
The construction for U, I gave (in previous thread)
showed it was endpoints of a countable number of disjoint
intervals. Ie, a discrete subset of R, hence closed.
Quote: I couldn't give a proof, but it looks to me that, for every
uncountable S, B intersect S is open and U intersect S is closed. Is
this really true? Could anyone please outline a proof or give a
counter example?
The irrationals.
Quote: I'm not sure if bilateral and unilateral condensation points are
standard terminology. But they mean exactly what the term suggests. x
is a bilateral condensation point of S if, for every eps>0, both
(x-eps, x) and (x, x+eps) contain uncountably many elements of S; and
x is unilateral if one of these intervals, but not both, contains
uncountably many elements of S.
They'll do nicely for linear ordered spaces.
For other spaces, there's no lateralness.
Interesting problem. An exercise from topology class or text? |
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| Amanda |
Posted: Tue Dec 23, 2003 7:50 pm |
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William Elliot <marsh@privacy.net> wrote in message news:<20031223064200.O20969@agora.rdrop.com>...
Quote: On Tue, 23 Dec 2003, Amanda wrote:
Discussing this subject in previous posts, I came to the following
conclusions:
If S is an uncountable subset of R (the reals), B is the set of
bilateral condensation points of S and U is the set of unilateral
condensation points of S, then:
(1) B is uncountable and U is countable.
I presented a proof of this in the previous thread which was an
idea taken from another's post of a yet prior thread on this topic.
Did you see my post?
Yes,I did, it was really interesting, thank you. It took me some time
to understand it.
Quote:
(2) B intersect S is uncountable and U intersect S is countable.
Of course U /\ S is countable as it's subset countable set.
The construction I gave for B was to remove countable many points from S.
Thus B /\ S = B is uncountable.
Sure
(3) B is open and U is closed.
B may not be open. For example let uncountable S = R\Q.
Every point of S is bilateral condensending so B = S.
However the irrationals aren't open, instead they have empty interior.
B is open. I defined B as the set of all condensation points of S,
regardless whether they belong to S or not. If S = R\Q, then B = R,
which is open. But, as you point out below, in this case B /\ S is the
set of the irrationals, which is not open. So, my proposition is
false. B /\ S need not be open.
Quote:
The construction for U, I gave (in previous thread)
showed it was endpoints of a countable number of disjoint
intervals. Ie, a discrete subset of R, hence closed.
Sure. But, and as for U /\ S. Is it closed too? If S is the set of the
irrationals, then U = U /\ S = empty set, which is closed.
Quote:
I couldn't give a proof, but it looks to me that, for every
uncountable S, B intersect S is open and U intersect S is closed. Is
this really true? Could anyone please outline a proof or give a
counter example?
The irrationals.
I'm not sure if bilateral and unilateral condensation points are
standard terminology. But they mean exactly what the term suggests. x
is a bilateral condensation point of S if, for every eps>0, both
(x-eps, x) and (x, x+eps) contain uncountably many elements of S; and
x is unilateral if one of these intervals, but not both, contains
uncountably many elements of S.
They'll do nicely for linear ordered spaces.
For other spaces, there's no lateralness.
That`s right.
Interesting problem. An exercise from topology class or text?
No. Actually, I was trying to prove the following proposition a fellow
gave me: "If uncountable S is a subset of R, then S contains a subset
T with the property that, for every distinct elements x and y in T,
there's a z in T between x and y". I noticed this proposition is just
a corollary of "if S is uncountable, then every element of B/\S is a
bilateral condensation point of B/\S", B defined as before. Anyway,
there are different approachs to prove my fellow's proposition.
Amanda |
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| William Elliot |
Posted: Wed Dec 24, 2003 8:20 am |
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From: Amanda <sca18@hotmail.com>
Quote: Interesting problem. An exercise from topology class or text?
No. Actually, I was trying to prove the following proposition a
fellow gave me: "If uncountable S is a subset of R, then S contains
a subset T with the property that, for every distinct elements x and
y in T, there's a z in T between x and y". I noticed this proposition
is just a corollary of "if S is uncountable, then every element of
B/\S is a bilateral condensation point of B/\S", B defined as
before. Anyway, there are different approachs to prove my fellow's
proposition.
Seems you enjoy math.
This problem is equivalent to showing for uncountable S,
S is somewhere dense,
that is not nowhere dense; int cl S /= nulset
A somewhere dense when A not nowhere dense
iff some open nonnul U with cl U = cl U/\A
iff some open nonnul U with U subset cl A
---- |
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| Amanda |
Posted: Fri Dec 26, 2003 4:53 pm |
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William Elliot <marsh@privacy.net> wrote in message news:<20031224052016.W10031@agora.rdrop.com>...
Quote: From: Amanda <sca18@hotmail.com
Interesting problem. An exercise from topology class or text?
No. Actually, I was trying to prove the following proposition a
fellow gave me: "If uncountable S is a subset of R, then S contains
a subset T with the property that, for every distinct elements x and
y in T, there's a z in T between x and y". I noticed this proposition
is just a corollary of "if S is uncountable, then every element of
B/\S is a bilateral condensation point of B/\S", B defined as
before. Anyway, there are different approachs to prove my fellow's
proposition.
Seems you enjoy math.
Really much. I regret I don't have enough time ro study it as I would
like
Quote:
This problem is equivalent to showing for uncountable S,
S is somewhere dense,
that is not nowhere dense; int cl S /= nulset
A somewhere dense when A not nowhere dense
iff some open nonnul U with cl U = cl U/\A
iff some open nonnul U with U subset cl A
I tried to prove this using Baire's Theorem, but didn't get through.
Do u think it's possible?
Amanda
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| William Elliot |
Posted: Sat Dec 27, 2003 7:37 am |
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From: Amanda <sca18@hotmail.com>
Subject: Re: Bilateral condensation points in R
William Elliot <marsh@privacy.net> wrote in message
Quote: From: Amanda <sca18@hotmail.com
"If uncountable S is a subset of R, then S contains
a subset T with the property that, for every distinct elements
x and y in T, there's a z in T between x and y".
Seems you enjoy math.
Really much. I regret I don't have enough
time ro study it as I would like
Upon retirement you might think so, but as I've discovered
Math is infinite, mind finite.
Quote: This problem is equivalent to showing for uncountable S,
S is somewhere dense,
that is not nowhere dense; int cl S /= nulset
A somewhere dense when A not nowhere dense
iff some open nonnul U with cl U = cl U/\A
iff some open nonnul U with U subset cl A
I tried to prove this using Baire's Theorem,
but didn't get through. Do u think it's possible?
I'm not finding a topological way either. It likely
could require some pecularities of linear orders.
You seemed to have convered the structure of uncountable S subset R.
Were any of the proofs for the orginal problem less comprehensive?
As uncountable S subset R has some interval I with uncountable S/\I, the
problem reduces a little to compact connected Hausdorff spaces or
continuums for R. So perhaps there's a generalization for linear
continuums.
Ask the guy who proposed the orginal problem to show
nowhere dense subsets R are countable.
If he's quicked minded, he'll see thru the ruse.
int cl S = nulset
cl int R\S = R
int R\S = \/{ Uj } for some pairwise disjoint open Uj, j in N
R = cl \/{ Uj }
It's easy to show U = \/{ Uj } /= R and
for all a,b in R\U, some Uj with a < Uj < b.
r < A when for all a in A, r < a
That's almost enuf to show R\U countable,
which would make S countable.
What to look out for is when u in R\U is a limit pt of R\U.
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| William Elliot |
Posted: Sun Dec 28, 2003 3:17 am |
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On Sat, 27 Dec 2003, William Elliot wrote:
Quote: From: Amanda <sca18@hotmail.com
Subject: Re: Bilateral condensation points in R
William Elliot <marsh@privacy.net> wrote in message
From: Amanda <sca18@hotmail.com
"If uncountable S is a subset of R, then S contains
a subset T with the property that, for every distinct elements
x and y in T, there's a z in T between x and y".
This problem is equivalent to showing for uncountable S,
S is somewhere dense,
that is not nowhere dense; int cl S /= nulset
See retraction sci.math "nowhere dense real subsets". |
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