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ironjustice at (no spam) aol.com...
Posted: Fri Jul 04, 2008 11:53 am
Guest
http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=1797062

The autonomic nervous system at high altitude
Roger Hainsworth,1 Mark J. Drinkhill,1 and Maria Rivera-Chira2
1Institute for Cardiovascular Research, University of Leeds, Leeds,
LS2 9JT UK
2Depto. Academico Ciencias, Biologicas y Fisiologicas, UPCH, Lima,
Peru
Roger Hainsworth, Phone: +44-113/3434-821, Fax: +44-113/3434-803,
Email: r.hainsworth at (no spam) leeds.ac.uk.
Corresponding author.
Received January 2, 2007; Accepted January 3, 2007.
Abstract
The effects of hypobaric hypoxia in visitors depend not only on the
actual elevation but also on the rate of ascent.
Sympathetic activity increases and there are increases in blood
pressure and heart rate.
Pulmonary vasoconstriction leads to pulmonary hypertension,
particularly during exercise.
The sympathetic excitation results from hypoxia, partly through
chemoreceptor reflexes and partly through altered baroreceptor
function.
High pulmonary arterial pressures may also cause reflex systemic
vasoconstriction.
Most permanent high altitude dwellers show excellent adaptation
although there are differences between populations in the extent of
the ventilatory drive and the erythropoiesis.
Some altitude dwellers, particularly Andeans, may develop chronic
mountain sickness, the most prominent characteristic of which being
excessive polycythaemia.
Excessive hypoxia due to peripheral chemoreceptor dysfunction has been
suggested as a cause.
The hyperviscous blood leads to pulmonary hypertension, symptoms of
cerebral hypoperfusion, and eventually right heart failure and death.
Keywords: altitude, mountain sickness, hypoxia, polycythemia,
respiration, chemoreceptors, baroreceptors, autonomic nervous system
Clin Auton Res. 2007 February; 17(1): 13–19.
Published online 2007 January 30. doi: 10.1007/s10286-006-0395-7.
PMCID: PMC1797062


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Marcus Aurelius...
Posted: Fri Jul 04, 2008 1:51 pm
Guest
Pulmonary hypertension may lead to "cor pulmonale". In this disorder,
the right ventricle, which pumps blood to the lungs,
becomes enlarged,eventually resulting in right sided heart failure.
Andrew B. Chung, MD/PhD...
Posted: Fri Jul 04, 2008 1:59 pm
Guest
Marcus Aurelius wrote:
Quote:
Pulmonary hypertension may lead to "cor pulmonale". In this disorder,
the right ventricle, which pumps blood to the lungs,
becomes enlarged,eventually resulting in right sided heart failure.

The enlargement of the right-ventricle occurs to compensate for its
weakening from the chronic pressure overload of pulmonary
hypertension.

This is in accord with Starling's law.

May you and other dear neighbors, friends, and brethren have a
blessedly wonderful 2008th year since the birth of our LORD Jesus
Christ as our Messiah, the Son of Man ...

.... by being hungrier:

http://groups.google.com/group/sci.med.cardiology/msg/f891e617d10bd689?

Hunger is wonderful ! ! !

It's how we know what GOD desires, which is all that is good.

Yes, hunger is our knowledge of good versus evil that Adam and Eve
paid for with their and our immortal lives.

"Blessed are you who hunger NOW...

.... for you will be satisfied." -- LORD Jesus Christ (Luke 6:21)

Amen.

Here is a Spirit-guided exegesis of Luke 6:21 given in hopes of
promoting much greater understanding:

http://groups.google.com/group/sci.med.cardiology/msg/cc2aa8f8a4d41360?

Be hungrier, which is healthier.

Marana tha

Prayerfully in the awesome name of our Messiah, LORD Jesus Christ,

Andrew <><
--
http://groups.google.com/group/sci.med.cardiology/msg/3558812d72ab4e17?
ironjustice...
Posted: Fri Jul 04, 2008 3:19 pm
Guest
On Jul 4, 4:59 pm, "Andrew B. Chung, MD/PhD" <lov... at (no spam) thetruth.com>
wrote:The enlargement of the right-ventricle occurs to compensate for
its weakening from the chronic pressure overload of pulmonary
hypertension. <<

"Chronic pressure overload of pulmonary hypertension"

This can be caused by erythrocytosis / polycythaemia .. which ..
coincidentally .. HAPPENS .. in this incidence.

Therefore in theory erythrocytosis / increased red blood cell
production could BE THE **cause** OF pulmonary hypertension down here
amongst those normally residing at sea level.

Spoor.

Increased red blood cells happens only in a few ways.

Who loves ya.
Tom


Jesus Was A Vegetarian!
http://tinyurl.com/2r2nkh


Man Is A Herbivore!
http://tinyurl.com/4rq595


DEAD PEOPLE WALKING
http://tinyurl.com/zk9fk
Quote:

This is in accord with Starling's law.

Marcus Aurelius wrote:
Pulmonary hypertension may lead to "cor pulmonale". In this disorder,
the right ventricle, which pumps blood to the lungs,
becomes enlarged,eventually resulting in right sided heart failure.

The enlargement of the right-ventricle occurs to compensate for its
weakening from the chronic pressure overload of pulmonary
hypertension.

This is in accord with Starling's law.

May you and other dear neighbors, friends, and brethren have a
blessedly wonderful 2008th year since the birth of our LORD Jesus
Christ as our Messiah, the Son of Man ...

... by being hungrier:

http://groups.google.com/group/sci.med.cardiology/msg/f891e617d10bd689?

Hunger is wonderful ! ! !

It's how we know what GOD desires, which is all that is good.

Yes, hunger is our knowledge of good versus evil that Adam and Eve
paid for with their and our immortal lives.

"Blessed are you who hunger NOW...

... for you will be satisfied." -- LORD Jesus Christ (Luke 6:21)

Amen.

Here is a Spirit-guided exegesis of Luke 6:21 given in hopes of
promoting much greater understanding:

http://groups.google.com/group/sci.med.cardiology/msg/cc2aa8f8a4d41360?

Be hungrier, which is healthier.

Marana tha

Prayerfully in the awesome name of our Messiah, LORD Jesus Christ,

Andrew
--http://groups.google.com/group/sci.med.cardiology/msg/3558812d72ab4e17?
ironjustice...
Posted: Fri Jul 04, 2008 3:38 pm
Guest
On Jul 4, 6:19 pm, ironjustice <ironjust... at (no spam) cashette.com> wrote:
"Chronic pressure overload of pulmonary hypertension" This can be
caused by erythrocytosis / polycythaemia <<

" Hemoglobin had a direct effect on Pulmonary Arterial Pressure"

Vol. 67, No. 5, 2000
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Clinical Investigations

Effects of Hemoglobin on Pulmonary Arterial Pressure and Pulmonary
Vascular Resistance in Patients with Chronic Emphysema
Akira Nakamuraa, Norio Kasamatsua, Ikko Hashizumea, Takushi Shiraia,
Suguru Hanzawab, Shigeru Momikib, Kazuyoshi Sasakib, Masao Kinoshitab,
Osamu Okadac, Koichiro Tatsumic, Takayuki Kuriyamac

Departments of
aRespiratory Medicine and
bThoracic Surgery, Hamamatsu Medical Center, Hamamatsu, and
cDepartment of Chest Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan


Address of Corresponding Author

Respiration 2000;67:502-506 (DOI: 10.1159/000067463)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Abstract

Background:
The increase in viscosity caused by secondary polycythemia is thought
to be one of the major causes of pulmonary hypertension secondary to
chronic emphysema. However, very few clinical studies considered the
relation between pulmonary hypertension and polycythemia in the case
of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
Objective:
The purpose of this study is to elucidate the relative contribution of
an increase in hemoglobin level (Hb) to mean pulmonary arterial
pressure (mPAP) and pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR).
Methods:
We retrospectively investigated 41 patients with chronic emphysema who
had undergone a right heart catheterization. Multiple-regression
analysis and F test were performed to investigate both direct effects
of Hb and PaO2 as independent variables on mPAP and PVR as dependent
variables.
Results:
Significant correlations were found between PaO2 and mPAP (or PVR), or
Hb and mPAP (or PVR), indicating that both Hb and PaO2 are
contributory to mPAP and PVR. The F test demonstrated that Hb and PaO2
could directly affect the level of either mPAP or PVR.
Conclusions:
It was concluded that Hb had a direct effect on mPAP and PVR,
independently of hypoxia in patients with chronic emphysema.

Copyright © 2000 S. Karger AG, Basel
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------


Who loves ya.
Tom


Jesus Was A Vegetarian!
http://tinyurl.com/2r2nkh


Man Is A Herbivore!
http://tinyurl.com/4rq595


DEAD PEOPLE WALKING
http://tinyurl.com/zk9fk





Quote:

This can be caused by erythrocytosis / polycythaemia
On Jul 4, 4:59 pm, "Andrew B. Chung, MD/PhD" <lov... at (no spam) thetruth.com
wrote:The enlargement of the right-ventricle occurs to compensate for
its weakening from the chronic pressure overload of pulmonary
hypertension.

"Chronic pressure overload of pulmonary hypertension"

This can be caused by erythrocytosis / polycythaemia .. which ..
coincidentally .. HAPPENS .. in this incidence.

Therefore in theory erythrocytosis / increased red blood cell
production could BE THE **cause** OF pulmonary hypertension down here
amongst those normally residing at sea level.

Spoor.

Increased red blood cells happens only in a few ways.

Who loves ya.
Tom

Jesus Was A Vegetarian!http://tinyurl.com/2r2nkh

Man Is A Herbivore!http://tinyurl.com/4rq595

DEAD PEOPLE WALKINGhttp://tinyurl.com/zk9fk





This is in accord with Starling's law.
Marcus Aurelius wrote:
Pulmonary hypertension may lead to "cor pulmonale". In this disorder,
the right ventricle, which pumps blood to the lungs,
becomes enlarged,eventually resulting in right sided heart failure.

The enlargement of the right-ventricle occurs to compensate for its
weakening from the chronic pressure overload of pulmonary
hypertension.

This is in accord with Starling's law.

May you and other dear neighbors, friends, and brethren have a
blessedly wonderful 2008th year since the birth of our LORD Jesus
Christ as our Messiah, the Son of Man ...

... by being hungrier:

http://groups.google.com/group/sci.med.cardiology/msg/f891e617d10bd689?

Hunger is wonderful ! ! !

It's how we know what GOD desires, which is all that is good.

Yes, hunger is our knowledge of good versus evil that Adam and Eve
paid for with their and our immortal lives.

"Blessed are you who hunger NOW...

... for you will be satisfied." -- LORD Jesus Christ (Luke 6:21)

Amen.

Here is a Spirit-guided exegesis of Luke 6:21 given in hopes of
promoting much greater understanding:

http://groups.google.com/group/sci.med.cardiology/msg/cc2aa8f8a4d41360?

Be hungrier, which is healthier.

Marana tha

Prayerfully in the awesome name of our Messiah, LORD Jesus Christ,

Andrew
--http://groups.google.com/group/sci.med.cardiology/msg/3558812d72ab4e17?- Hide quoted text -

- Show quoted text -
ironjustice at (no spam) aol.com...
Posted: Fri Jul 04, 2008 9:14 pm
Guest
On Jul 4, 6:38 pm, ironjustice <ironjust... at (no spam) cashette.com> wrote:On Jul
4, 6:38 pm, ironjustice <ironjust... at (no spam) cashette.com> wrote::"Chronic
pressure overload of pulmonary hypertension" This can be caused by
erythrocytosis / polycythaemia <<

Enalapril used for hypertension is also used to lower red blood cell
count.
THAT must be a .. coincidence.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enalapril

Enalapril is an angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor used in
the treatment of hypertension and some types of chronic heart failure.
---------------------
Titre du document / Document title
Use of aminophylline and enalapril in posttransplant polycythemia
Auteur(s) / Author(s)
MAZZALI M. (1) ; ALVES G. FILHO (1) ;
Affiliation(s) du ou des auteurs / Author(s) Affiliation(s)
(1) Nephrology Unit, Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medical
Sciences, State University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, BRESIL

Résumé / Abstract
Background. Posttransplant polycythemia (PTP) affects 6-30% of renal
transplant recipients and can result in thromboembolic disease. The
pathogenesis of PTP remains unknown and may be multifactorial.
Although phlebotomy has previously been the treatment for PTP, drugs
such as adenosine receptor antagonists or angiotensin-converting
enzyme inhibitors can be used to control PTP. Methods. The authors
performed a prospective study of two different drugs to treat PTP:
aminophylline and enalapril. Twenty-seven patients with PTP lasting
more than 6 months were evaluated. During phase 1, aminophylline was
compared with enalapril. The patients sequentially received
aminophylline and enalapril during 12-week periods, intercalated by 12-
week periods of no drugs. During phase 2, enalapril was administered
for 12 weeks. Results. From January 1984 to December 1993, 110 of 333
patients with PTP lasting more than 6 months (33%) developed
polycythemia, and 27 patients were included in the present study. In
phase 1, aminophylline had no effect on PTP. Enalapril promoted an
erythropoiesis inhibition, characterized by a decrease in hematocrit
and an increase in iron stores and ferritin levels. After withdrawal
of enalapril, the hematocrit increased and the iron stores decreased.
In phase 2, there was a progressive reduction in hematocrit after the
4th week of therapy. The lowest hematocrit was observed in the 12th
week and then enalapril was stopped, leading to a subsequent rise in
hematocrit. Erythropoietin levels and renal function remained constant
during all periods of both phases of the study. Conclusion. The use of
adenosine antagonists was ineffective to treat PTP in our series.
However, treatment with enalapril promoted an erythropoiesis
inhibition, demonstrated by a reduction in hematocrit, hemoglobin, red
blood cell count, and reticulocyte count, associated with an increase
in iron stores. This response occurred independently from
erythropoietin levels or hemodynamic graft changes.
Revue / Journal Title
Transplantation ISSN 0041-1337 CODEN TRPLAU
Source / Source
1998, vol. 65, no11, pp. 1461-1464 (22 ref.)
Langue / Language
Anglais

Editeur / Publisher
Lippincott, Hagerstown, MD, ETATS-UNIS (1963) (Revue)

Mots-clés anglais / English Keywords
Homotransplantation ; Kidney ; Complication ; Polycythemia ;
Treatment ; Chemotherapy ; Aminophylline ; Antagonist ; Adenosine
receptor ; Enalapril ; ACE inhibitor ; Comparative study ; Treatment
efficiency ; Mechanism of action ; Human ; Prospective ; Xanthine
derivatives ; Transplantation ; Kidney disease ; Urinary system
disease ; Hemopathy ;
Mots-clés français / French Keywords
Homotransplantation ; Rein ; Complication ; Polyglobulie ;
Traitement ; Chimiothérapie ; Aminophylline ; Antagoniste ; Récepteur
adénosinique ; Enalapril ; Inhibiteur angiotensin converting enzyme ;
Etude comparative ; Efficacité traitement ; Mécanisme action ; Homme ;
Prospective ; Xanthine dérivé ; Transplantation ; Rein pathologie ;
Appareil urinaire pathologie ; Hémopathie ;
Mots-clés espagnols / Spanish Keywords
Homotrasplante ; Riñón ; Complicación ; Policitemia ; Tratamiento ;
Quimioterapia ; Aminofilina ; Antagonista ; Receptor adenosínico ;
Enalapril ; Inhibidor angiotensin converting enzyme ; Estudio
comparativo ; Eficacia tratamiento ; Mecanismo acción ; Hombre ;
Prospectiva ; Xantina derivado ; Trasplantación ; Riñón patología ;
Aparato urinario patología ; Hemopatía ;
Localisation / Location
INIST-CNRS, Cote INIST : 8318, 35400007692214.0080


Copyright 2007 INIST-CNRS. All rights reserved

Toute reproduction ou diffusion même partielle, par quelque procédé ou
sur tout support que ce soit, ne pourra être faite sans l'accord
préalable écrit de l'INIST-CNRS.
No part of these records may be reproduced of distributed, in any form
or by any means, without the prior written permission of INIST-CNRS.

Nº notice refdoc (ud4) : 2296437


Who loves ya.
Tom


Jesus Was A Vegetarian!
http://tinyurl.com/2r2nkh


Man Is A Herbivore!
http://tinyurl.com/4rq595


DEAD PEOPLE WALKING
http://tinyurl.com/zk9fk



Quote:
On Jul 4, 6:19 pm, ironjustice <ironjust... at (no spam) cashette.com> wrote:
"Chronic pressure overload of pulmonary hypertension" This can be
caused by erythrocytosis / polycythaemia

" Hemoglobin had a direct effect on Pulmonary Arterial Pressure"

Vol. 67, No. 5, 2000
---------------------------------------------------------------------------­-----

Clinical Investigations

Effects of Hemoglobin on Pulmonary Arterial Pressure and Pulmonary
Vascular Resistance in Patients with Chronic Emphysema
Akira Nakamuraa, Norio Kasamatsua, Ikko Hashizumea, Takushi Shiraia,
Suguru Hanzawab, Shigeru Momikib, Kazuyoshi Sasakib, Masao Kinoshitab,
Osamu Okadac, Koichiro Tatsumic, Takayuki Kuriyamac

Departments of
aRespiratory Medicine and
bThoracic Surgery, Hamamatsu Medical Center, Hamamatsu, and
cDepartment of Chest Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan

Address of Corresponding Author

Respiration 2000;67:502-506 (DOI: 10.1159/000067463)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------­-----

Abstract

Background:
The increase in viscosity caused by secondary polycythemia is thought
to be one of the major causes of pulmonary hypertension secondary to
chronic emphysema. However, very few clinical studies considered the
relation between pulmonary hypertension and polycythemia in the case
of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
Objective:
The purpose of this study is to elucidate the relative contribution of
an increase in hemoglobin level (Hb) to mean pulmonary arterial
pressure (mPAP) and pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR).
Methods:
We retrospectively investigated 41 patients with chronic emphysema who
had undergone a right heart catheterization. Multiple-regression
analysis and F test were performed to investigate both direct effects
of Hb and PaO2 as independent variables on mPAP and PVR as dependent
variables.
Results:
Significant correlations were found between PaO2 and mPAP (or PVR), or
Hb and mPAP (or PVR), indicating that both Hb and PaO2 are
contributory to mPAP and PVR. The F test demonstrated that Hb and PaO2
could directly affect the level of either mPAP or PVR.
Conclusions:
It was concluded that Hb had a direct effect on mPAP and PVR,
independently of hypoxia in patients with chronic emphysema.

Copyright © 2000 S. Karger AG, Basel
---------------------------------------------------------------------------­-----

Who loves ya.
Tom

Jesus Was A Vegetarian!http://tinyurl.com/2r2nkh

Man Is A Herbivore!http://tinyurl.com/4rq595

DEAD PEOPLE WALKINGhttp://tinyurl.com/zk9fk





This can be caused by erythrocytosis / polycythaemia
On Jul 4, 4:59 pm, "Andrew B. Chung, MD/PhD" <lov... at (no spam) thetruth.com
wrote:The enlargement of the right-ventricle occurs to compensate for
its weakening from the chronic pressure overload of pulmonary
hypertension.

"Chronic pressure overload of pulmonary hypertension"

This can be caused by erythrocytosis / polycythaemia .. which ..
coincidentally .. HAPPENS .. in this incidence.

Therefore in theory erythrocytosis / increased red blood cell
production could BE THE **cause** OF pulmonary hypertension down here
amongst those normally residing at sea level.

Spoor.

Increased red blood cells happens only in a few ways.

Who loves ya.
Tom

Jesus Was A Vegetarian!http://tinyurl.com/2r2nkh

Man Is A Herbivore!http://tinyurl.com/4rq595

DEAD PEOPLE WALKINGhttp://tinyurl.com/zk9fk

This is in accord with Starling's law.
Marcus Aurelius wrote:
Pulmonary hypertension may lead to "cor pulmonale". In this disorder,
the right ventricle, which pumps blood to the lungs,
becomes enlarged,eventually resulting in right sided heart failure.

The enlargement of the right-ventricle occurs to compensate for its
weakening from the chronic pressure overload of pulmonary
hypertension.

This is in accord with Starling's law.

May you and other dear neighbors, friends, and brethren have a
blessedly wonderful 2008th year since the birth of our LORD Jesus
Christ as our Messiah, the Son of Man ...

... by being hungrier:

http://groups.google.com/group/sci.med.cardiology/msg/f891e617d10bd689?

Hunger is wonderful ! ! !

It's how we know what GOD desires, which is all that is good.

Yes, hunger is our knowledge of good versus evil that Adam and Eve
paid for with their and our immortal lives.

"Blessed are you who hunger NOW...

... for you will be satisfied." -- LORD Jesus Christ (Luke 6:21)

Amen.

Here is a Spirit-guided exegesis of Luke 6:21 given in hopes of
promoting much greater understanding:

http://groups.google.com/group/sci.med.cardiology/msg/cc2aa8f8a4d41360?

Be hungrier, which is healthier.

Marana tha

Prayerfully in the awesome name of our Messiah, LORD Jesus Christ,

Andrew
--http://groups.google.com/group/sci.med.cardiology/msg/3558812d72ab4e17?-Hide quoted text -

- Show quoted text -- Hide quoted text -

- Show quoted text -
 
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