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Science Forum Index » Medicine - Nutrition Forum » Rice allergy information...
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 Posted: Fri Jun 27, 2008 9:05 pm |
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Allergens/Function:
Allergens:
Ory s 1
RAP
RAG 1
RAG 2
RAG 5
RAG 14
RAG 17, a 16 kDa protein, a member of the alpha-amylase/trypsin
inhibitor family. (Izumi 1999 ref.6683 1) (Adachi 1993 ref.434 80)
A chitinase has been isolated from rice. Rice chitinase accumulate to
a high level in roots, but only low levels are found in stem and leaf
tissue. (Zhu 1991 ref.7282 5) (The allergenicity of this chitinase was
not evaluated. Ed.)
Allergic components are albumins with molecular weights between 14 and
16 kD (Adachi 1993 ref.434 80) (Nakamura 1996 ref.789 34) The protein
is heat stable and resists proteolysis.
A 16-kilodalton rice protein is one of the major allergens, and
responsible for cross-allergenicity between cereal grains in the
Poaceae family. (Urisu 1991 ref.5634 1) A 19-kDa globulin protein has
been isolated. (Park 2000 ref.3876 3)
In rice allergy, proteins with molecular masses of 14-16, 26, 33, and
56 kDa have been demonstrated to be potentially allergenic. The 33-kDa
allergen was identified to be a novel type of plant glyoxalase I that
is expressed in various plant tissues, including maturing seeds. (Usui
2001 ref.6682 1)
Adverse Reactions:
IGE AND IMMUNE:
See also: Rice pollen
Allergic reactions are common in communities where rice is consumed as
a staple food, but is uncommon in westernized societies although the
prevalence is increasing.
Rhinoconjunctivitis. Asthma. Contact urticaria, atopic dermatitis and
dermatitis. Abdominal cramping, pain, nausea and vomiting. Angioedema.
Dyspnoea. Gastrointestinal and nasal symptoms.
A 43-year-old patient with rice-induced severe bronchial asthma was
admitted to hospital. Immunoglobulin E (IgE)-radioallergosorbent test
(RAST) for rice was positive. (Arai 1998 ref.1276 3)
An adult case of rice-induced asthma with aspirin idiosyncrasy. (Owan
1995 ref.724 23)
Rhinoconjunctivitis-asthma and contact urticaria from handling rice
and other cereals in a housewife. She tolerated cooked cereals. Both
skin prick tests with a rice extract and a rub test with raw rice gave
positive results. The challenge test with raw rice resulted in
immediate and late clinical and spirometric responses. (Lezaun 1994
ref.1317 9)
Anaphalaxis and anaphalactoid reactions. (Borchers 1992 ref.554 62)
(Golbert 1969 ref.286 57) Anaphylaxis induced by exercise and related
to multiple food intake. (Caffarelli 1997 ref.617 71)
Pruritis. Flushing. Quincke's oedema. (Hoogenband 1983 ref.556 23)
Food-dependant exercise-induced anaphylaxis. (Hanakawa 1998 ref.6562
5)
High frequency (50%) of food hypersensitivity in patients with
allergic rhinoconjunctivitis. (Ortega 1997 ref.1615 4)
Raw rice is more allergenic than cooked. In Japan, rice has been shown
to aggravate atopic dermatitis through IgE mechanisms. (Shibasaki 1979
ref.433 90)
No evidence of sensitization to topical oat and rice colloidal grain
suspensions used for eczema in normal and atopic children in the group
studied (Pigatto 1997 ref.2146 7)
This study’s results suggest that ocular-type atopic dermatitis (AD)
belongs to the most severe end of the spectrum of AD, and that rice
and wheat may contribute to the pathogenesis of severe AD, resulting
in ocular complications. (Uchio 1998 ref.2337 6)
In 34 children with atopic dermatitis, 33 were SPT positive with wheat
and 18 with oats. Positive RAST to wheat and oats could be detected in
32 and 30 samples respectively. SPT with rice, corn, millet or
buckwheat was positive in 16/34 patients. (Varjonen 1995 ref.1295 4)
Contact urticaria. (Sasai 1995 ref.7565 3) Contact urticaria from raw
rice in a 17-year-old female presenting with acute erythema of the
hands, oedema of the eyelids, dyspnoea and cough. Symptoms occurred
after throwing raw rice during a wedding, although she was able to
ingest cooked rice. The authors suggest that the adverse respiratory
and skin reactions were as a result of the rice dust. (di Lernia 1992
ref.7568 3)
In 184 Costa Rican patients with allergic rhinitis were tested for
reaction to Poaceae species. The highest positive Skin prick tests
were for Anthoxatum odoratum (83.2%), Panicum maximum (82.1%), Panicum
mole (78.3%), Holcus lanatus (77.7%), and SPT were also highly
positive for this species used for food, including corn, sorghum,
sugar cane and rice (Riggioni 1994 ref.3886 4)
Anaphylaxis to rice by inhalation. (Fiocchi 2003 ref.7244 8)
A 6-month-old girl had been admitted three times due to the sudden
onset of respiratory and gastrointestinal symptoms, paleness and a
reduced level of consciousness. A provocation test revealed an
anaphylactic reaction to rice flour. (Klein 2001 ref.7463 1)
A 30-year-old man with atopic dermatitis had had erythema and itching
of the hands after washing rice in water, though he had always eaten
cooked rice without problems. Urticarial erythema occurred after
several minutes. Prick test with water used to wash regular rice was ++
+. However prick test reaction with water used to wash allergen-
reduced rice was +. These results suggest that the allergen
responsible for contact urticaria in this patient might be water-
soluble, heat-unstable, and not contained in allergen-reduced rice.
(Yamakawa 2001 ref.7464 3)
In 200 of 226 patients with atopic dermatitis visiting a Japanese
hospital, oral food challenge tests showed that food allergy was
involved in 90.5%, and rice allergy affected 2.5%. (Ogura 2001 ref.
7301 1)
In 148 Malaysian adults with symptoms of nasal congestion and
rhinorrhea and 113 control subjects without rhinitis symptoms, skin
prick test evaluation of 11 foods common to the Malaysian diet. 48% of
the patients with rhinitis had positive SPT results to foods, compared
with 4.4% of control subjects. The most commonly implicated foods were
shrimp (48%) and rice (30%), which are common in the Malaysian diet.
(Gendeh 2000 ref.7561 1)
In 1006 Japanese patients with typical and atypical lesions of atopic
dermatitis analysed statistically by correlating the clinical severity
to serum IgE values, rice antigens suggested a strong contribution of
rice allergy to the development of severe this condition. 25 patients
with severe AD and positive rice-RAST were treated by rice exclusion
diet, of which 9 were remarkably responsive, 10 cases moderately
responsive and 6 cases unresponsive. The rice-RAST titre decreased
most remarkably in the 1st group. The wheat-RAST titre also decreased
in the 1st, in spite of taking wheat foods every day, but increased in
the 3rd. (Ikezawa 1992 ref.1371 1)
Contact dermatitis from rice leaf. (Nakamura 1983 ref.7628 1)
Infantile food protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome (FPIES) is a
severe, cell-mediated gastrointestinal food hypersensitivity typically
provoked by cow's milk or soy. This study reports on other foods
causing this syndrome: 14 infants with FPIES caused by grains (rice,
oat, and barley), vegetables (sweet potato, squash, string beans,
peas), or poultry (chicken and turkey) were identified. Symptoms of
typical FPIES are delayed (median: 2 hours) and include the onset of
vomiting, diarrhea, and lethargy/dehydration. Eleven infants (78%)
reacted to >1 food protein, including 7 (50%) that reacted to >1
grain. Nine (64%) of all patients with solid food-FPIES also had cow's
milk and/or soy-FPIES. Initial presentation was severe in 79% of the
patients, prompting sepsis evaluations (57%) and hospitalization (64%)
for dehydration or shock. None of the patients developed FPIES to
maternally ingested foods while breastfeeding unless the causal food
was fed directly to the infant. (Nowak-Wegrzyn 2003 ref.7791 5)
Crossreactivity.
OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE:
Farming, Baker
Study findings suggest increased asthma prevalence among California
rice farmers/workers. Radiologic findings consistent with dust or
fiber exposure were higher compared with those of the general
population, although no associations with specific farming activities
were identified. (McCurdy 1996 ref.2391 6)
This study’s evidence suggests that rice straw burning in California
and asthma hospitalizations were related. (Jacobs 1997 ref.2390 5)
Allergy to rice may also occur uncommonly in bakers. (Block 1984 ref.
5537 3)
A distinct clinical syndrome seems to be associated with exposure to
rice husk dust. The manifestations of this "rice millers' syndrome"
include acute and chronic irritant effects affecting the eyes, skin,
and upper respiratory tract; allergic responses such as nasal catarrh,
tightness of chest, asthma, and eosinophilia; and radiological
opacities in the chest, probably representing early silicosis or
extrinsic allergic alveolitis. (Lim 1984 ref.7573 3)
Asthma induced by the inhalation of vapours during the process of
boiling rice. (Gonzalez-Mendiola 2003 ref.8654 6)
NON IMMUNE:
Food sensitive enteropathy may be caused by milk, the most frequent
and best known example, and soy protein, egg, fish, chicken meat,
ground rice and probably gluten may also temporarily damage (excluding
celiac disease which is permanent) the small intestinal mucosa in
infancy. (Walker-Smith 1994 ref.7566 5)
Shock, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhoea in 4 infants allergic to rice
only. Occult blood in stools were positive in all cases; results of
all immunologic tests were negative. (Cavataio 1996 ref.708 12)
Rice- and pea-induced food protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome, a
symptom complex of severe vomiting and diarrhea occurring several
hours after the ingestion of particular food proteins in infants.
(Sicherer 1998 ref.2389 6)
Biotin deficiency has been observed in an infant fed with amino acid
formula and hypoallergenic rice. (Higushi 1996 ref.2453 2)
SOURCE: http://www.allallergy.net/fapaidfind.cfm?cdeoc=1300 |
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