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Science Forum Index » Electronics - Misc Forum » electronics...
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| sweet&soft... |
 Posted: Mon May 12, 2008 4:24 am |
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Electronics is the study of the flow of charge through various
materials and devices such as semiconductors, resistors, inductors,
capacitors, nano-structures and vacuum tubes. Although considered to
be a theoretical branch of physics, the design and construction of
electronic circuits to solve practical problems is an essential
technique in the fields of electronic engineering and computer
engineering.
The study of new semiconductor devices and surrounding technology is
sometimes considered a branch of physics. This article focuses on
engineering aspects of electronics.
Contents [hide]
1 Overview of electronic systems and circuits
2 Electronic devices and components
3 Types of circuits
3.1 Analog circuits
3.2 Digital circuits
3.3 Mixed-signal circuits
4 Heat dissipation and thermal management
5 Noise
6 Electronics theory
7 Electronic test equipment
8 Computer aided design (CAD)
9 Construction methods
10 Electronics industry
11 Branch pages
12 See also
13 References
14 External links
[edit] Overview of electronic systems and circuits
Commercial digital voltmeter checking a prototypeElectronic systems
are used to perform a wide variety of tasks. The main uses of
electronic circuits are:
The controlling and processing of data.
The conversion to/from and distribution of electric power.
Both these applications involve the creation and/or detection of
electromagnetic fields and electric currents. While electrical energy
had been used for some time prior to the late 19th century to transmit
data over telegraph and telephone lines, development in electronics
grew exponentially after the advent of radio.
One way of looking at an electronic system is to divide it into 3
parts:
Inputs – Electronic or mechanical sensors (or transducers). These
devices take signals/information from external sources in the physical
world (such as antennas or technology networks) and convert those
signals/information into current/voltage or digital (high/low) signals
within the system.
Signal processors – These circuits serve to manipulate, interpret and
transform inputted signals in order to make them useful for a desired
application. Recently, complex signal processing has been accomplished
with the use of Digital Signal Processors.
Outputs – Actuators or other devices (such as transducers) that
transform current/voltage signals back into useful physical form
(e.g., by accomplishing a physical task such as rotating an electric
motor).
For example, a television set contains these 3 parts. The television's
input transforms a broadcast signal (received by an antenna or fed in
through a cable) into a current/voltage signal that can be used by the
device. Signal processing circuits inside the television extract
information from this signal that dictates brightness, colour and
sound level. Output devices then convert this information back into
physical form. A cathode ray tube transforms electronic signals into a
visible image on the screen. Magnet-driven speakers convert signals
into audible sound.
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