| |
 |
|
|
Science Forum Index » Bio Evolution Forum » Paper on Thermosynthesis
Page 1 of 1
|
| Author |
Message |
| Tom Hendricks |
Posted: Sun Feb 24, 2008 9:09 am |
|
|
|
Guest
|
Here's a paper that stresses a heat cycle component.
Thermosynthesis as energy source for the RNA World:
A model for the bioenergetics of the origin of life
Anthonie W.J. Muller *
Department of Geology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA
99164-2812, USA
Received 10 May 2005; received in revised form 10 June 2005; accepted
10 June 2005
Abstract
The thermosynthesis concept, biological free energy gain from thermal
cycling, is combined with the concept of the RNA
World....
Keywords: Binding change mechanism; Bioenergetics; Genetic code;
Origin of life; RNA World; Thermosynthesis
1. Introduction
The three types of energy sources used by today's
organisms, fermentation, photosynthesis and respi-
ration, are all complex and require many proteins.
As a result none of these energy sources have been
linked directly to the origin of life. A fourth energy
source, 'thermosynthesis,' free energy gain from ther-
mal cycling, is much simpler, and has therefore been
put forward in a theoretical model for the emergence
of the chemiosmotic machinery used by both photo-
synthesis and respiration (Muller, 1985, 1993, 1995,
1996, 2003).
(Does anyone know about Muller's work?)
The postulated molecular heat engines
produced the same ATP as contemporary ATP syn-
thase, but with much less power (energy produced per
unit time) because the enzyme turnover time equaled
the long thermal cycle time of a convection cell... |
|
|
| Back to top |
|
| Perplexed in Peoria |
Posted: Mon Feb 25, 2008 8:13 am |
|
|
|
Guest
|
"Tom Hendricks" <tom-hendricks@att.net> wrote in message news:fpsfe4$9bm$1@darwin.ediacara.org...
Quote: Here's a paper that stresses a heat cycle component.
Thermosynthesis as energy source for the RNA World:
A model for the bioenergetics of the origin of life
Anthonie W.J. Muller *
Department of Geology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA
99164-2812, USA
Received 10 May 2005; received in revised form 10 June 2005; accepted
10 June 2005
Abstract
The thermosynthesis concept, biological free energy gain from thermal
cycling, is combined with the concept of the RNA
World....
Keywords: Binding change mechanism; Bioenergetics; Genetic code;
Origin of life; RNA World; Thermosynthesis
1. Introduction
The three types of energy sources used by today's
organisms, fermentation, photosynthesis and respi-
ration, are all complex and require many proteins.
As a result none of these energy sources have been
linked directly to the origin of life. A fourth energy
source, 'thermosynthesis,' free energy gain from ther-
mal cycling, is much simpler, and has therefore been
put forward in a theoretical model for the emergence
of the chemiosmotic machinery used by both photo-
synthesis and respiration (Muller, 1985, 1993, 1995,
1996, 2003).
(Does anyone know about Muller's work?)
Anthonie Muller has posted here several times over the
last decade or so (during the period when you (Tom) and
I have been active). His ideas (if I understand them) are
that a molecule (think of an enzyme) can extract useable
free energy from the environment if it is subjected to a
rather rapid thermal cycle. Unlike your ideas, which
assume a cycle once a day or so, Muller thinks that
the relevant cycles were more like once a minute or
so. You get a thermal cycle this fast if you are a molecule
which is circulating in a convection cell.
My own opinion is that this is would be an interesting
possible source of phosphorylation energy for a simple
protean organism, but it cannot explain the origin of that
organism. The kinds of enzyme-like molecules that would
be capable of tapping this kind of energy source could
only arise by natural selection - they could not preceed
natural selection.
Quote: The postulated molecular heat engines
produced the same ATP as contemporary ATP syn-
thase, but with much less power (energy produced per
unit time) because the enzyme turnover time equaled
the long thermal cycle time of a convection cell...
Yep. Notice, by the way, that modern ATP synthase
doesn't require any kind of environmental cycle - all
it needs is a concentration, voltage, or pH gradient.
And it sure seems to me that such things are a lot
easier to find than cycles. And just as easy to use.
Life can arise in a steady-state situation - it just doesn't
need cycles. |
|
|
| Back to top |
|
| Lorentz |
Posted: Tue Feb 26, 2008 8:44 am |
|
|
|
Guest
|
On Feb 25, 1:13 pm, "Perplexed in Peoria" Unlike your ideas, which
Quote: assume a cycle once a day or so, Muller thinks that
the relevant cycles were more like once a minute or
so. You get a thermal cycle this fast if you are a molecule
which is circulating in a convection cell.
Or a molecule in subject to waves and turbulence in the ocean.
The wind causes surface waves of high coherence on the top of the
ocean. The waves cycle the water up and down at about the rate he is
talking about.Waves are highly periodic (cycles?). The temperature
goes down with depth, slightly. So there is your thermal cycling.
Incidently, the wave cycle also varies the uv and visible light from
the sun. So there is Tom's uv cycle, but on a much faster rate than a
24 hour day.
Turbulence cycles chaotically. No, not like a meteorite. Real
chaos. The Richardson number is rather low in the top layers of the
ocean, so the energy decoheres quickly.. The surface waves shed vortex
eddies of shorter diameter and higher frequency. These eddies create
"cycling" at an even faster rate than the original surface waves
themselves. However, the eddies are out of phase. So these
quasiperiodic motions are not easily characterized by one narrow band
of frequencies. Yet, they come close enough together that a chemical
would have to "adapt", in Tom's nomenclature, to their motion.
Tom may argue that both process derive indirectly from the sun.
However, the periodicities and quasiperiodicities have no correlation
to the astronomical cycles of the sun. They have more to do with the
fluid mechanical properties of water. They also don't have to have any
coherency. They just need to repeat according to a random distribution
(or chaotically, which is sort of like a random distribution).
The same type of turbulence on the same approximate period
(minutes and seconds) could easily be produced by hot magma in contact
with liquid water on the bottom of the sea.
Note that the energy from the sun comes to us through convection
in the solar interior. The inside of the sun is hot, and the hot gas
floats to the surface. I forgot the exact names of the layers
involved.
What I am trying to say is that the concept of "cycle" by itself
to be either useful or intellectually satisfying. I know round is
better (or whatever Plato said).
Quote:
My own opinion is that this is would be an interesting
possible source of phosphorylation energy for a simple
protean organism, but it cannot explain the origin of that
organism. The kinds of enzyme-like molecules that would
be capable of tapping this kind of energy source could
only arise by natural selection - they could not preceed
natural selection.
Now that I don't know. Why have an enzyme when you have large
scale physical motion? You have temperature gradients, and
concentration gradients of different chemicals.
An enzyme lowers energy barriers between molecules, yes. However,
if the molecule is moving up and down a significant difference then
there is another option. The molecule simply moves up to an area where
the extra energy is available. A few degrees may be all that is
necessary.
The best example that I can think of is electrolytic reactions. If
two different solutions are brough together they release electricity.
Even solutions of different concentration of the same electrolyte.
Which could be salt water.
In fact, the best example is the process of rusting in the
presence of salt water. A piece of iron in air, with no water vapor,
will take on the order of hundreds of years to rust. You add water,
you add salt, it rusts. Salt water is a catalyst for iron oxidation.
Is there a complicated enzyme? No. There are macroscopic electric
currents. All the salt water did was provide electrical contact
between two parts of the iron.
There is no organic enzyme capable of getting energy from
oxidizing pure iron. (Err, Maybe none that I know of) The simplest
catalyst of all, salt water, can beat all the organic enzymes ever
evolved in oxidizing a metal. All with an electrolytic cycle. And an
electrolytic cycle when you look close is just a thermal cycle. The
temperature isn't changing, but the entropy is.
Quote:
The postulated molecular heat engines
produced the same ATP as contemporary ATP syn-
thase, but with much less power (energy produced per
unit time) because the enzyme turnover time equaled
the long thermal cycle time of a convection cell...
Yep. Notice, by the way, that modern ATP synthase
doesn't require any kind of environmental cycle - all
it needs is a concentration, voltage, or pH gradient.
And it sure seems to me that such things are a lot
easier to find than cycles. And just as easy to use.
Life can arise in a steady-state situation - it just doesn't
need cycles. |
|
|
| Back to top |
|
| Tom Hendricks |
Posted: Tue Feb 26, 2008 8:44 am |
|
|
|
Guest
|
On Feb 25, 12:13 pm, "Perplexed in Peoria" <jimmene...@sbcglobal.net>
wrote:
Quote: "Tom Hendricks" <tom-hendri...@att.net> wrote in messagenews:fpsfe4$9bm$1@darwin.ediacara.org...
Here's a paper that stresses a heat cycle component.
Thermosynthesis as energy source for the RNA World:
A model for the bioenergetics of the origin of life
Anthonie W.J. Muller *
Department of Geology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA
99164-2812, USA
Received 10 May 2005; received in revised form 10 June 2005; accepted
10 June 2005
Abstract
The thermosynthesis concept, biological free energy gain from thermal
cycling, is combined with the concept of the RNA
World....
Keywords: Binding change mechanism; Bioenergetics; Genetic code;
Origin of life; RNA World; Thermosynthesis
1. Introduction
The three types of energy sources used by today's
organisms, fermentation, photosynthesis and respi-
ration, are all complex and require many proteins.
As a result none of these energy sources have been
linked directly to the origin of life. A fourth energy
source, 'thermosynthesis,' free energy gain from ther-
mal cycling, is much simpler, and has therefore been
put forward in a theoretical model for the emergence
of the chemiosmotic machinery used by both photo-
synthesis and respiration (Muller, 1985, 1993, 1995,
1996, 2003).
(Does anyone know about Muller's work?)
Anthonie Muller has posted here several times over the
last decade or so (during the period when you (Tom) and
I have been active). His ideas (if I understand them) are
that a molecule (think of an enzyme) can extract useable
free energy from the environment if it is subjected to a
rather rapid thermal cycle. Unlike your ideas, which
assume a cycle once a day or so, Muller thinks that
the relevant cycles were more like once a minute or
so. You get a thermal cycle this fast if you are a molecule
which is circulating in a convection cell.
My own opinion is that this is would be an interesting
possible source of phosphorylation energy for a simple
protean organism, but it cannot explain the origin of that
organism. The kinds of enzyme-like molecules that would
be capable of tapping this kind of energy source could
only arise by natural selection - they could not preceed
natural selection.
The postulated molecular heat engines
produced the same ATP as contemporary ATP syn-
thase, but with much less power (energy produced per
unit time) because the enzyme turnover time equaled
the long thermal cycle time of a convection cell...
Yep. Notice, by the way, that modern ATP synthase
doesn't require any kind of environmental cycle - all
it needs is a concentration, voltage, or pH gradient.
And it sure seems to me that such things are a lot
easier to find than cycles. And just as easy to use.
Life can arise in a steady-state situation - it just doesn't
need cycles.
Sure it does. If not for cycles it heats up till it's destroyed.
It cools down till it's inactive. Or it stays the same with
no variety to select from.
Obviously we need the big cycle of the sun, or we'd have
to do without water that's kept in the 0-100C range.
You, I think are suggesting that
some pop and adapt subset of that overall cycle would do it.
What I am now calling fluke squared event. |
|
|
| Back to top |
|
| Tom Hendricks |
Posted: Tue Feb 26, 2008 8:24 pm |
|
|
|
Guest
|
On Feb 26, 12:44 pm, Lorentz <drosen0...@yahoo.com> wrote:
Quote: On Feb 25, 1:13 pm, "Perplexed in Peoria" Unlike your ideas, which> assume a cycle once a day or so, Muller thinks that
the relevant cycles were more like once a minute or
so. You get a thermal cycle this fast if you are a molecule
which is circulating in a convection cell.
Or a molecule in subject to waves and turbulence in the ocean.
The wind causes surface waves of high coherence on the top of the
ocean. The waves cycle the water up and down at about the rate he is
talking about.Waves are highly periodic (cycles?). The temperature
goes down with depth, slightly. So there is your thermal cycling.
Incidently, the wave cycle also varies the uv and visible light from
the sun. So there is Tom's uv cycle, but on a much faster rate than a
24 hour day.
Well this may be a cycle, but I don't think it is one that will work.
I think any cycle not only has to have a wet/water part but a dry for
- polymerization
part. Also the dry helps to concentrate material. We are left with
shoreline life, or tide pool, or
something like that. And sure enough the earliest life that we have
any record of - is just that.
And remember we have to have liquid water - and that comes from a
cycle that keeps the temperature
of H2O within 0-100C. That is a temperature cycle that the sun causes,
that is essential to life as
we know it.
Quote: Turbulence cycles chaotically. No, not like a meteorite. Real
chaos. The Richardson number is rather low in the top layers of the
ocean, so the energy decoheres quickly.. The surface waves shed vortex
eddies of shorter diameter and higher frequency. These eddies create
"cycling" at an even faster rate than the original surface waves
themselves. However, the eddies are out of phase. So these
quasiperiodic motions are not easily characterized by one narrow band
of frequencies. Yet, they come close enough together that a chemical
would have to "adapt", in Tom's nomenclature, to their motion.
Tom may argue that both process derive indirectly from the sun.
However, the periodicities and quasiperiodicities have no correlation
to the astronomical cycles of the sun. They have more to do with the
fluid mechanical properties of water. They also don't have to have any
coherency. They just need to repeat according to a random distribution
(or chaotically, which is sort of like a random distribution).
But water is a product of a temperature cycle that keeps it between
0-100C or liquid state.
Quote: The same type of turbulence on the same approximate period
(minutes and seconds) could easily be produced by hot magma in contact
with liquid water on the bottom of the sea.
Ah ventists are all wet. The only thing for sure undersea vents do is
sterilize everything in site!
Also they are not constant - and specially so under a bombardment
phase. Our earth is too
changeable for a vent to last long enough to start and sustain life
IMO.
Vents have sterilized the ocean.
Quote: Note that the energy from the sun comes to us through convection
in the solar interior. The inside of the sun is hot, and the hot gas
floats to the surface. I forgot the exact names of the layers
involved.
What I am trying to say is that the concept of "cycle" by itself
to be either useful or intellectually satisfying. I know round is
better (or whatever Plato said).
My own opinion is that this is would be an interesting
possible source of phosphorylation energy for a simple
protean organism, but it cannot explain the origin of that
organism. The kinds of enzyme-like molecules that would
be capable of tapping this kind of energy source could
only arise by natural selection - they could not preceed
natural selection.
But this suggests that chemicals are somehow chomping at the bit to
get to life -
to replicate, to metabolize. Here I am on one of my hobby horses.
I don't think so. That's another pet peeve of mine in OOL scenarios.
I use the term, "my salt wants to eat and my pepper wants to
replicate?"
No they don't. They just sit on the table. And take away the
environmental energy
and any and all life, let alone the makings of life, will simple stay
inert.
So life is nothing that we get to - its something that responds to
when its forced.
and that that responds back with these novel abilities (replication,
metabolism,
cell membrane, coding, or better yet the symbiotic ability to use all
of these)
lasts better than chemicals that don't have those abilities.
Life has no 'sel'f in it. No self replication, no self anything. It's
always a response to the outside. Take away the sun
and it stops (no liquid water, no energy source that can last, no
nothing).
> |
|
|
| Back to top |
|
| |
|
Page 1 of 1
All times are GMT - 5 Hours
The time now is Sat Sep 06, 2008 1:04 am
|
|