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Science Forum Index » Astronomy Forum » Moon key to space future?
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| Steve Dufour |
Posted: Wed Nov 19, 2003 2:49 am |
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| Terrell Miller |
Posted: Tue Nov 25, 2003 9:18 pm |
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"Hop David" <hopspageHATESSPAaMmM@tabletoptelephone.com> wrote in message
news:3FC2F46B.8090506@tabletoptelephone.com...
Quote:
James White wrote:
Dick Morris
Yes, I know, the market is the ultimate answer for every problem.
Unfortunately not every problem. Take spam, for instance. Is there any
market solution that could work?
Get British intelligence to say spammers have weapons of mass destruction.
Then Bush will jam guided missiles up their butts.
I know it's not a market solution, but I still like it.
I like Spam ;)
--
Terrell Miller
millerto@bellsouth.net
"Very often, a 'free' feestock will still lead to a very expensive system.
One that is quite likely noncompetitive"
- Don Lancaster |
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| Rand Simberg |
Posted: Wed Nov 26, 2003 7:59 pm |
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On Mon, 24 Nov 2003 18:57:02 GMT, in a place far, far away, "Dave
O'Neill" <dave @ NOSPAM atomicrazor . com> made the phosphor on my
monitor glow in such a way as to indicate that:
Quote: Unfortunately not every problem. Take spam, for instance. Is there any
market solution that could work?
Yes, but it would require revamping the internet.
I could introduce you to some mobile network operators who think they can do
just that.
It's not a technical challenge--just a market and institutional one (a
lot like access to space, actually).
--
simberg.interglobal.org * 310 372-7963 (CA) 307 739-1296 (Jackson Hole)
interglobal space lines * 307 733-1715 (Fax) http://www.interglobal.org
"Extraordinary launch vehicles require extraordinary markets..."
Swap the first . and @ and throw out the ".trash" to email me.
Here's my email address for autospammers: postmaster@fbi.gov |
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| Dave O'Neill |
Posted: Sat Nov 29, 2003 7:12 am |
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"Rand Simberg" <simberg.interglobal@org.trash> wrote in message
news:40364cbb.856369864@news.west.earthlink.net...
Quote: On Mon, 24 Nov 2003 18:57:02 GMT, in a place far, far away, "Dave
O'Neill" <dave @ NOSPAM atomicrazor . com> made the phosphor on my
monitor glow in such a way as to indicate that:
Unfortunately not every problem. Take spam, for instance. Is there any
market solution that could work?
Yes, but it would require revamping the internet.
I could introduce you to some mobile network operators who think they can
do
just that.
It's not a technical challenge-
I'd not go quite that far. It's more accurate to say its not a major
technical challenge, I wouldn't put it, myself, in the same ball park as
space access.
-just a market and institutional one (a
Quote: lot like access to space, actually).
The market one is distorted in this case because of the Oligopoly the MNO's
run on network access - they might fail at this in Europe and the US, but in
emerging global markets where there isn't a wire line alternative, a
monetised wireless web might become the norm. Given the rate at which some
of these markets can expand it might make for some really interesting
business zones. |
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| G=EMC^2 Glazier |
Posted: Sat Nov 29, 2003 11:43 am |
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Hi Brad Once we have more than enough energy to leave the Earth and say
go to the outer planets it is not necessary to have a pit stop.Go and
keep going,like our probes to Mars. The moon is a nice place to teach us
how to set up a base. How to have the best space suits for walking on
lots of sand and dust. You would not want to fly to Japan and have a pit
stop in Hawaii. Bert |
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| Brad Guth |
Posted: Sat Nov 29, 2003 4:32 pm |
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The moon is actually a darn good pitstop, though we'll be needing a
good lunar space elevator in order to avoid all the energy and safety
issues of having to land on and then get safely back off the moon.
The moon and of the LSE-CM/ISS will provide for the necessary mission
radiation shielding, such as for trekking off to Mars or Venus, plus
all sorts of worthy minerals, possibly even some of that lunar ice.
http://guthvenus.tripod.com/gv-cm-ccm-01.htm
I do have an ongoing R&D for a lunar bus transporter solution, sort of
a metro lunar bus of basalt composites that'll protect your butt from
all of that nasty radiation that was oddly entirely missing (a walk in
the park) during all of those Apollo missions, as well as from all
those pesky 10+km/s meteorites;
http://guthvenus.tripod.com/gv-lm-1.htm
Of a similar taboo topic of "Other Life On Venus" started out with way
too much detail for common folk (perhaps even much like yourself),
though I've managed to add something other upon the subject of once
we're there and getting ourselves about within a good airship;
http://guthvenus.tripod.com/airship-01.htm
Even though most of what I've been offering is way over the heads of
the collective of those pro-NASA Borgs, and/or of slipping between
their legs, trust me, there's more to come.
TOO bad we still have absolutely nothing whatsoever that's lunar data
interactive, of recording the day/night/earthshine thermal
differentials, seismics, even acoustical properties (the moon has a
minute/sufficient degree of atmosphere for acoustics), and of course
of recording whatever is pertaining to all of the nasty solar and
cosmic influx plus their secondary hard X-Ray environment, not to
mention dozens of Earth science related matters and of just terrific
the VLA/SAR imaging potential by having those receiving apertures
situated on the moon; http://guthvenus.tripod.com/moon-sar.htm
"Designori" <plinio_designori223@btopenworld.com> wrote in message news:<bpgabf$5i5$1@sparta.btinternet.com>...
Quote: "Joe Strout" <joe@strout.net> wrote in message
news:joe-2DBF22.09130319112003@comcast.ash.giganews.com...
In article <744cc401.0311182349.4cbf026d@posting.google.com>,
stevejdufour@yahoo.com (Steve Dufour) wrote:
Quite an interesting article, I thought:
http://space.com/news/moon_astronomy_031117.html
Yes, thank you (I never bother to go to space.com anymore, so I
appreciate a link when it occasionally posts something useful). Here
are some related ones (which you'd think space.com would have included,
but I certainly didn't see them):
ILEWG home (?): http://www.lpi.usra.edu/ILEWG/
(appears a bit out of date in some parts, updated in others)
ILEWG forum: http://www.estec.esa.nl/ilewg/
(appears a bit out of date)
Original ILEWG home page, now apparently defunct:
http://ilewg.jsc.nasa.gov/
ILEWG 5 conference schedule:
http://www.spaceagepub.com/program.html
I'm rather skeptical about their plans to get people on the Moon within
a decade, but I certainly applaud their ambition.
Joseph J. Strout
The exploration of space has been ceded to a new generation of miniature
intelligent robot machines. The Moon has been mooted as a "way station" for
space exploration but the recent downward revision of the amount of
available water has pretty well put paid to that idea.
Mars seems the great prize toward which the scientific explorers are
attracted. I recently read a newsgroup which is dedicated to ideas for
systems which might "terraform" it's arid deserts and make the planet
inhabitable.
One is forced to ask why such methods are not being mooted for the far more
mundane yet much more important task of making the Earth's deserts and
desertified areas (many of which until recently supported agriculture) once
more fertile and productive? Are the Namib or the Taclamacan deserts for
some reason less glamorous than the arid icy wastes of Mars?
If it can't be made to work in those places, where atmospheric pressure,
oxygen and heat are far more abundant than they are on Mars, then
environmental engineering aimed at producing a liveable environment there is
about as realistic as the next perpetual motion machine is.
Perhaps many people are in the business of producing brightly coloured
science fantasy, and just don't realize it.
Des. |
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| Brad Guth |
Posted: Sat Nov 29, 2003 4:44 pm |
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"Mike Combs" <mikecombs@nospam.com_chg_nospam_2_ti> wrote in message news:<bpigpg$buu$1@home.itg.ti.com>...
Quote: "Mike Rhino" <october2003@alexanderpics.com> wrote
Water can be sent to the moon. If we can get iron, aluminum, silicone,
and
oxygen mines working on the moon, we can reduce the amount of stuff we
need
from Earth.
And here's an important point. If mining on the moon, as you say, there
will be lots of oxygen available. Thus, one only needs to bring up the
hydrogen from Earth. The atomic ratio, as we all know from the formula H2O,
is 2-to-1, but the weight ratio is more interesting from this standpoint.
One ton of hydrogen combines with eight tons of oxygen to make 9 tons of
water. The same ratio applies for LH2/LO2 propellant.
That's significant leveraging.
Rgds,
Mike Combs
With energy, there's also CO2-->CO/O2
Thus recycling of the spent atmosphere you've created and otherwise
form what little can be acquired on location, there's a perfectly good
solution that's been on the books for a decade.
Somewhere within this following page are links to worthy energy
solutions that'll knock your socks off. The moon and of the LSE-CM/ISS
will primarily provide for the necessary mission radiation shielding,
such as for trekking off to frozen and irradiated to death Mars or
toasty hot Venus, plus making the effort of tapping into all sorts of
those worthy lunar minerals another done deal, possibly even some of
that lunar ice. The necessary energy as to processing all of this may
be tether dipole extracted from the 5 or so terawatts worth of tidal
energy existing between Earth and of the moon.
http://guthvenus.tripod.com/gv-cm-ccm-01.htm
Regards, Brad Guth / IEIS |
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| Tom Merkle |
Posted: Sun Nov 30, 2003 3:14 pm |
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Dick Morris <richard.a.morris@boeing.com> wrote in message news:<3FC13D9E.22C430A7@boeing.com>...
Quote: Tom Merkle wrote:
Dick Morris <richard.a.morris@boeing.com> wrote in message news:<3FBE3E09.CDE76FBF@boeing.com>...
Alan Erskine wrote:
In the "More stories" links on the right, one thing they seem to miss about
landing at the south pole is the amount of propellant it would require to go
from what would, essentially be an equatorial approach to the Moon to a
polar orbit.
The Moon is 240,000 miles away - it's a trivial difference to aim for
the pole rather than the equator.
He's talking about inclinations rather than distances. The moon is in
roughly an equitorial orbit. If you launch into a trans lunar orbit
One does not have to launch to the Moon from equatorial orbit, or even
the Moon's orbital plane. We could get to the Moon from a low, polar
Duh. If you read my post I was saying that if you assume starting from
an earth equitorial orbit (which Alan obviously is), it is indeed much
easier to get into a low inclination moon orbit than a polar one.
Quote: Earth orbit if we wanted to, and enter any kind of lunar orbit we want
as well, including an equatorial orbit. The Moon passes through the
[snip lunar interception basics]
Vary the timing (and delta-v) of the burn
slightly and you can pass over any portion of the Moon's limb, and thus
enter an orbit with any desired inclination.
You pay a significant payload penalty to launch into high inclination
orbits, so, in practice, we would use a low inclination orbit to get to
the Moon. But we can still enter any orbit about the Moon we want just
by adjusting the aim point.
Not true. It will cost you payload.
If you begin a TLI orbit from LEO, you are beginning a large parabolic
orbit around the earth that happens to intersect the moon. No matter
where in that orbit you do your TLI burn, a large portion of your TLI
velocity will be in the direction(inclination) of your initial LEO
orbit. If that LEO orbit is equitorial, you will have to cancel out
most of your velocity in that direction in order to enter a lunar
polar orbit. That's a fact of conservation of momentum. So in that
regard, Alan is right. You pay a penalty to enter lunar polar orbit
unless you launch from a polar LEO orbit.
Tom Merkle |
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| Henry Spencer |
Posted: Sun Nov 30, 2003 4:26 pm |
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In article <c1d524e3.0311301214.1574e3e5@posting.google.com>,
Tom Merkle <merkletr@msn.com> wrote:
Quote: Duh. If you read my post I was saying that if you assume starting from
an earth equitorial orbit (which Alan obviously is), it is indeed much
easier to get into a low inclination moon orbit than a polar one.
Which is, as it happens, completely untrue. It is very nearly equally
easy to get into a lunar polar orbit.
When you launch to the Moon on an economy orbit, the *Moon's motion*
dominates the encounter. Exactly which way you were moving is pretty
nearly irrelevant. You are at the apogee of a very long ellipse, moving
very slowly, and the Moon comes up from behind and starts to pass you. At
closest approach, you do a rocket burn to reduce the relative velocity --
to partly catch up with the Moon's motion -- and that puts you in lunar
orbit.
What lunar orbit you end up in depends on where that burn was done.
Roughly speaking, above a pole puts you in polar orbit, and above the
equator puts you in equatorial orbit. And which of those options you get
depends not on which way you were moving, but on *where you were* as the
Moon started to pass you. If you were roughly in the plane of its orbit,
but slightly inside or outside of the orbit itself, closest approach is
roughly above the Moon's equator. If your distance from Earth was the
same as that of the Moon's orbit, but you were slightly north or south of
the orbit, you pass over the pole and enter polar orbit. Being in either
of those positions, or anywhere in between, at encounter time requires
only very small adjustments to the shape and timing of your trajectory.
There are second-order effects that make *small* differences in how easy
it is to reach one inclination or another, and those can be significant
for systems that are at the very edge of their capabilities (as Apollo
usually was, early in a mission when substantial reserves were needed).
But the differences are quite small.
--
MOST launched 30 June; first light, 29 July; 5arcsec | Henry Spencer
pointing, 10 Sept; first science, early Oct; all well. | henry@spsystems.net |
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| Tom Merkle |
Posted: Mon Dec 01, 2003 2:05 am |
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merkletr@msn.com (Tom Merkle) wrote in message news:<c1d524e3.0311221131.3cb03f76@posting.google.com>...
Quote: (although simplifying your trajectory calculations). In fact, I think
one or more of the Apollo missions actually did launch out of the
ecliptic. Maybe all of them. I'll get back to you.
BTW, Apollo 11 was the only one that launched coplanar (in the same
plane as the moon).
I still haven't convinced myself that launch azimuth isn't a
significant factor in lunar orbit v, but I found my copy of
"Fundamentals of astrodynamics," so stand by...
Tom Merkle |
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| Steve Dufour |
Posted: Mon Dec 01, 2003 5:32 am |
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NASA misses the mark
By Dana Rohrabacher
As a member of the House Science Subcommittee on Space and
Aeronautics for 15 years, I have witnessed time and again NASA's
over-promising, over-marketing and underestimating costs. Whether it's
the Space Shuttle or Space Station, it's a pattern. NASA goes for the
grandiose, ignoring doable, more affordable alternatives. An
Industrial Space Facility, reliant on remote-control robotics and
infrequent visits by astronauts, was an alternative for a permanently
manned station. This could have been done for a small fraction of the
cost of the International Space Station, and we would have almost
immediately benefited from space-based science experiments.
America is now at a vital crossroads, struggling with choices, but
with no quality vision on which to base those decisions. This mandate
for decision has been forced upon us in large measure by the
disintegration of the Space Shuttle Columbia. With the current
grounding of the Shuttle fleet, America has lost the capability for
manned space flight. We simply can't go on without the consensus of a
unifying vision. Great treasure and lives are being expended; the
nation must appreciate the great purpose of sending humans into space,
or we will cease to do it. NASA has squandered money and lives
insisting on mega-projects, and it has jeopardized its greatest asset:
the faith of the American people.
Yet, America's continuous support for a national space program is
testimony to our people's national character, which is tied in so many
ways to the conquest of frontiers: the expansion of freedom, hope and
prosperity for the common man.
Even now, as despair is evident in our public-sector space
program, the commercially-focused space sector is confident and
gearing up. Telecommunication and space services (like weather and
space imaging and those relating to our Global Positioning System)
have already changed our world. Now, space entrepreneurs are emerging
to inspire us with their innovation and creativity and their
willingness to take the next step up.
Individuals like Burt Rutan, Dennis Tito and Elon Musk are pushing
the boundaries, building affordable space hardware and investing where
no investor has gone before.They are also changing the rules when it
comes to the economics of space travel.If not dragged down by our own
space bureaucracy, the new space entrepreneurs will no doubt make
major advances toward affordable access to space. Their goals are not
so grandiose: taking tourists into space and bringing them home alive.
These private-sector endeavors will spawn spinoff technologies that
will help our government efforts, especially in defense. There's a
role reversal for you.
And spinoffs notwithstanding, we may also see a foundation laid
for ultra-rapid passenger and package delivery service to many points
on the globe,aswellasspace tourism and other moneymaking ventures.All
this is happening, let us note, when the NASA effort is thrashing
around, as its huge programs collapse from their own contradictions.
So, what must be done? Let's get government out of the way of
space entrepreneurs and put in place policies that encourage such
private-sector space initiatives. Congress should provide incentives
for space investment.MyZero Gravity/Zero Tax proposal should be dusted
off and implemented.NASA should agree to use private-sector
alternatives in resupplying the Space Station.Government, of course,
has more than a passive role to play.Like it or not, the space effort
is by its nature tethered to the government.In the short term, we need
to finish the work at hand, and that means getting the Space Station's
laboratory working and showing results.Anything else will result in a
huge loss of credibility with the American taxpayers and make them
ever more skeptical about NASA.
The Clementine mission, brought about by a group of rebels in the
space community, discovered evidence of water at lunar poles in
1996.The Lunar Prospector project demonstrated that commercial lunar
exploration missions are feasible. With evidence of water on the moon,
we can make oxygen to breathe and hydrogen for fuel. The Moon/Earth
arena beckons us.Helium-3, a rare isotope found on Earth, is in
abundant supply on the Moon.Some believe that this element may in the
future provide the basis for a clean-burning fuel if and when fusion
reactor technology becomes a reality.
So, let's quit talking about sending a person to Mars, and look a
little closer at what we can do with water on the moon. Let us focus
on this vast stretch of the near universe, and make sure we can use it
to better the lives of our people and make them safer and more
prosperous.
On another front, while we remain mired in indecision and
bureaucracy concerning what direction U.S. human space flight should
take, the Chinese seem to have a clear understanding of why they are
attempting human space flight: to enhance national prestige,
technological advances and the promotion of high-tech exports. The
success of China'sfirstastronaut launched into orbit in October could
signal a fast-track space program that could very well leave us in the
dust.
Obviously, America has to get going.The president needs to lead
the way with a major vision speech, and what day would be more perfect
than December 17 — the 100th anniversary of human flight?He could, if
he chooses, talk about encouraging Orville and Wilbur Wright-like
projects with incentives like the Zero Gravity/Zero Tax proposal. With
such empowerment, mind-boggling projects like the collection of solar
power from arrays of solar panels hold the promise of an abundant
energy source for humankind. Our president has the opportunity to
excite a whole new generation about space. I implore him to do so. He
has been a great leader since September 11. Now, he can make a
historic mark on another great defining quest for our nation.
Rep. Dana Rohrabacher, California Republican, is chairman of the
Space and Aeronautics Subcommittee of the House Science Committee. |
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| Joe Strout |
Posted: Mon Dec 01, 2003 10:08 am |
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In article <744cc401.0312010232.701ad0@posting.google.com>,
stevejdufour@yahoo.com (Steve Dufour) wrote:
Quote: As a member of the House Science Subcommittee on Space and
Aeronautics for 15 years, I have witnessed time and again NASA's
over-promising, over-marketing and underestimating costs. ...
Individuals like Burt Rutan, Dennis Tito and Elon Musk are pushing
the boundaries, building affordable space hardware and investing where
no investor has gone before.They are also changing the rules when it
comes to the economics of space travel.If not dragged down by our own
space bureaucracy, the new space entrepreneurs will no doubt make
major advances toward affordable access to space. ...
So, what must be done? Let's get government out of the way of
space entrepreneurs and put in place policies that encourage such
private-sector space initiatives. ...
projects with incentives like the Zero Gravity/Zero Tax proposal. With
such empowerment, mind-boggling projects like the collection of solar
power from arrays of solar panels hold the promise of an abundant
energy source for humankind. ...
Rep. Dana Rohrabacher, California Republican, is chairman of the
Space and Aeronautics Subcommittee of the House Science Committee.
Excellent speech. Until a couple of months ago, Rep. Rohrabacher was my
representative. I don't know whether to be happy or sad that I've moved
-- I suppose I should be happy, since obviously he's got the right idea
already and there was little I could tell him as a constituent that he
didn't already know. Now, I'll have to learn who my new
congresscritters are and see whether they have as much of a clue as
Rohrabacher does.
,------------------------------------------------------------------.
| Joseph J. Strout Check out the Mac Web Directory: |
| joe@strout.net http://www.macwebdir.com |
`------------------------------------------------------------------' |
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| Robert Ehrlich |
Posted: Mon Dec 01, 2003 12:59 pm |
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NASA IMHO has been an object lesson on how bureaucrats can slowly
destroy a program. The space shuttle had little or no scientific
purpose (point to one achievement that justifies the price in money or
lives). The present shuttle configuration is antiquated with respect to
present-day computer technology much less electrical engineering.
Opposite to the policies of the Russians and Chinese, the NASA did not
design the shuttle for gradual evolution and upgrading. When I had
dealings with NASA almost 30 years ago, they had a manned program
fixation. This meant that they had to invent work for the chaps because
Apollo was dead. However the program was successful in that generations
of the higher admins served, sent their kids to college and retired.
Unfortunately the only thing that seems appropriate is to end the
antiquated obsolete shuttle program now, maybe the space lab (or use
Russian gear).
kevin wrote:
Quote: On Mon, 1 Dec 2003 09:35:05 -0500 (EST)
herbertglazier@webtv.net (G=EMC^2 Glazier) wrote:
Rep. Dana Rohbabeacher is an honest politician. Here in Florida we have
no such animal. NASA for the last 30 years has all the wrong stuff. It
took the thrill out of exploring space by doing year after year low
orbit experiments. Like most polititions when they steal money and kill
they cover up,stone wall and lie.(sounds like Nixen) They have covered
up the Columbia tragedy,and will pay off the relatives of those dead
astronouts the same way they paid the relatives of the Challenger crew.
Commander Smith family got 2.5 million. Lets hope until we
have a NASA with the right stuff,they will use robots instead of people.
Lets hope we can have a NASA that does not lie,or steal money (100
million still missing) Lets hope when they fly a shuttle in
March the head man of NASA is aboard. Lets
bring back the great engineering of the Apollo,and build a base on the
moon. Its only three days away,and do our weightless experiments coming
and going. That saves time and lots of money. Time to take the wings
off the shuttle. Bert
Absolutely, I read a while back about these so called low earth orbit
experiments and how that justified the ISS, it is all a load of
crap. They are not doing anything in low earth orbit that cannot
be done right here on the ground in suitable labs. In fact I'll
wager that more important experiments are indeed being
carried out down here on the ground than any experiments that they can
come up with to do on the ISS.
To my astonishment I even read recently somewhere that NASA is
planning to launch the shuttle!!(sometime in early new year and
subject to safety tests!!!) Well sod their safety tests I wouldnt
get on it for sure... What a waste of lives, money and manpower
and for what??..
Still hoping they will abandone the ISS.
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| Richard |
Posted: Mon Dec 01, 2003 1:01 pm |
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The first nuclear power to re-start and succeed at "Project Orion"
will control space.
-Rich |
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| Brad Guth |
Posted: Mon Dec 01, 2003 3:44 pm |
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merkletr@msn.com (Tom Merkle) wrote in message news:<c1d524e3.0311302305.66b32e7c@posting.google.com>...
Quote: merkletr@msn.com (Tom Merkle) wrote in message news:<c1d524e3.0311221131.3cb03f76@posting.google.com>...
(although simplifying your trajectory calculations). In fact, I think
one or more of the Apollo missions actually did launch out of the
ecliptic. Maybe all of them. I'll get back to you.
BTW, Apollo 11 was the only one that launched coplanar (in the same
plane as the moon).
I still haven't convinced myself that launch azimuth isn't a
significant factor in lunar orbit v, but I found my copy of
"Fundamentals of astrodynamics," so stand by...
Tom Merkle
This is just super terrific, an entire Borg collective of snookered
folks and/or fools without a shred of believable documentation
suggesting we've walked on the moon, as in radiation proof and all,
not to mention meteorite proof and for being where the average lunar
reflective index is nearly 50% to boot, though hardly any of those
pesky meteorite shards lying about.
Must have been the thick lunar atmosphere that broke up and or
evaporated all those incoming meteorites, and then local erosion from
lunar weather that created all the "clumping moon dirt".
I can certainly understand controlled robotic crash landings, but
that's about it, unless you've located some of those original photo
negatives and/or transparencies, plus a little basalt moon rock that's
not Earthly, and as always a movie of the down-range test flights of
the prototype LL itself would certainly be nice to review.
Here's a little something other about Venus, regarding their fleet of
rigid airships and/or of what perhaps we could do if push comes down
to shove, as we could somewhat narrow this rigid airship gap, possibly
even creating a hybrid shuttle/airship of which hopefully they don't
have just yet. Also a little more pertaining to the utilization of
good old basalt that a few too many Earthly folks don't seem to have a
freaking clue about.
http://guthvenus.tripod.com/airship-01.htm
http://guthvenus.tripod.com/gv-basalt.htm
A lunar basalt composite application, besides the LSE-CM/ISS tether;
http://guthvenus.tripod.com/gv-lm-1.htm
http://guthvenus.tripod.com/gv-cm-ccm-01.htm
BTW; the moon is key to our space futures, although there's certainly
nothing much provided by those Apollo missions that's worth squat and,
we still have absolutely nothing interactively reporting back to Earth
(those passive retroreflectors don't count, as any robotics mission
could have managed such, even though the reflective surface of the
moon itself is way better). |
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