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Science Forum Index » Medicine - Cancer Forum » Lists who may need more sun exposure and/or Vitamin D (and s
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| J |
 Posted: Mon Dec 11, 2006 2:01 pm |
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| Matti Narkia |
| Posted: Mon Dec 11, 2006 2:26 pm |
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On Mon, 11 Dec 2006 13:01:04 -0500, J <ercent@anon.inv> wrote:
Quote: http://dietary-supplements.info.nih.gov/factsheets/vitamind.asp
Lists who needs more sun exposure and/or Vitamin D (and sources)
and :What are the health risks of too much vitamin D?"
If one believes the top vitamin D researchers such as Vieth, Heaney
and Holick, and the results of the recent studies, and why wouldn't
we, in the absence of the exposure to the sun's UVB-radiation (for
example in the winter at latitudes > 40 degrees) the daily dietary
doses recommended on the above web page are far too low. At least
1000-2000 IU are needed daily from food and/or supplements in the
absence of the exposure to the UVB-radiation. It is practically
impossible to get that much from food, so supplements may be needed
during the winter of far north and south. Here a couple of Finnish
studies about the vitamin D status of young Finnish men in the winter:
Valimaki VV, Loyttyniemi E, Valimaki MJ.
Vitamin D fortification of milk products does not resolve
hypovitaminosis D in young Finnish men.
Eur J Clin Nutr. 2006 Nov 29; [Epub ahead of print]
PMID: 17136043 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
<http://www.nature.com/ejcn/journal/vaop/ncurrent/abs/1602550a.html>
Valimaki VV, Alfthan H, Lehmuskallio E, Loyttyniemi E, Sahi T, Stenman
UH, Suominen H, Valimaki MJ.
Vitamin D status as a determinant of peak bone mass in young Finnish
men.
J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2004 Jan;89(1):76-80.
PMID: 14715830 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
<http://jcem.endojournals.org/cgi/content/full/89/1/76>
--
Matti Narkia |
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| Matti Narkia |
| Posted: Mon Dec 11, 2006 3:31 pm |
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On Mon, 11 Dec 2006 20:26:51 +0200, Matti Narkia <mna@mbnet.fi> wrote:
Quote: On Mon, 11 Dec 2006 13:01:04 -0500, J <ercent@anon.inv> wrote:
http://dietary-supplements.info.nih.gov/factsheets/vitamind.asp
Lists who needs more sun exposure and/or Vitamin D (and sources)
and :What are the health risks of too much vitamin D?"
If one believes the top vitamin D researchers such as Vieth, Heaney
and Holick, and the results of the recent studies, and why wouldn't
we, in the absence of the exposure to the sun's UVB-radiation (for
example in the winter at latitudes > 40 degrees) the daily dietary
doses recommended on the above web page are far too low. At least
1000-2000 IU are needed daily from food and/or supplements in the
absence of the exposure to the UVB-radiation. It is practically
impossible to get that much from food, so supplements may be needed
during the winter of far north and south. Here a couple of Finnish
studies about the vitamin D status of young Finnish men in the winter:
Valimaki VV, Loyttyniemi E, Valimaki MJ.
Vitamin D fortification of milk products does not resolve
hypovitaminosis D in young Finnish men.
Eur J Clin Nutr. 2006 Nov 29; [Epub ahead of print]
PMID: 17136043 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
http://www.nature.com/ejcn/journal/vaop/ncurrent/abs/1602550a.html
Valimaki VV, Alfthan H, Lehmuskallio E, Loyttyniemi E, Sahi T, Stenman
UH, Suominen H, Valimaki MJ.
Vitamin D status as a determinant of peak bone mass in young Finnish
men.
J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2004 Jan;89(1):76-80.
PMID: 14715830 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
http://jcem.endojournals.org/cgi/content/full/89/1/76
Here's a fairly recent review article, which addresses the question
about the optimal serum calcidiol (25-hydroxyvitamin D, 25(OH)D) level
and the daily dose of vitamin D3 required to reach such level:
Bischoff-Ferrari HA, Giovannucci E, Willett WC, Dietrich T,
Dawson-Hughes B.
Estimation of optimal serum concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D for
multiple health outcomes. Am J Clin Nutr. 2006 Jul;84(1):18-28.
Review.
PMID: 16825677
<http://www.ajcn.org/cgi/content/full/84/1/18> (full text)
"Recent evidence suggests that vitamin D intakes above current
recommendations may be associated with better health outcomes.
However, optimal serum concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D
[25(OH)D] have not been defined. This review summarizes
evidence from studies that evaluated thresholds for serum
25(OH)D concentrations in relation to bone mineral density
(BMD), lower-extremity function, dental health, and risk of
falls, fractures, and colorectal cancer. For all endpoints, the
most advantageous serum concentrations of 25(OH)D begin at 75
nmol/L (30 ng/mL), and the best are between 90 and 100 nmol/L
(36–40 ng/mL). In most persons, these concentrations could not
be reached with the currently recommended intakes of 200 and
600 IU vitamin D/d for younger and older adults, respectively.
A comparison of vitamin D intakes with achieved serum
concentrations of 25(OH)D for the purpose of estimating optimal
intakes led us to suggest that, for bone health in younger
adults and all studied outcomes in older adults, an increase in
the currently recommended intake of vitamin D is warranted. An
intake for all adults of =1000 IU (40 µg) vitamin D
(cholecalciferol)/d is needed to bring vitamin D concentrations
in no less than 50% of the population up to 75 nmol/L. The
implications of higher doses for the entire adult population
should be addressed in future studies."
--
Matti Narkia |
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| Matti Narkia |
| Posted: Mon Dec 11, 2006 3:37 pm |
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On Mon, 11 Dec 2006 20:26:51 +0200, Matti Narkia <mna@mbnet.fi> wrote:
Quote: On Mon, 11 Dec 2006 13:01:04 -0500, J <ercent@anon.inv> wrote:
http://dietary-supplements.info.nih.gov/factsheets/vitamind.asp
Lists who needs more sun exposure and/or Vitamin D (and sources)
and :What are the health risks of too much vitamin D?"
If one believes the top vitamin D researchers such as Vieth, Heaney
and Holick, and the results of the recent studies, and why wouldn't
we, in the absence of the exposure to the sun's UVB-radiation (for
example in the winter at latitudes > 40 degrees) the daily dietary
doses recommended on the above web page are far too low. At least
1000-2000 IU are needed daily from food and/or supplements in the
absence of the exposure to the UVB-radiation. It is practically
impossible to get that much from food, so supplements may be needed
during the winter of far north and south. Here a couple of Finnish
studies about the vitamin D status of young Finnish men in the winter:
Valimaki VV, Loyttyniemi E, Valimaki MJ.
Vitamin D fortification of milk products does not resolve
hypovitaminosis D in young Finnish men.
Eur J Clin Nutr. 2006 Nov 29; [Epub ahead of print]
PMID: 17136043 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
http://www.nature.com/ejcn/journal/vaop/ncurrent/abs/1602550a.html
Valimaki VV, Alfthan H, Lehmuskallio E, Loyttyniemi E, Sahi T, Stenman
UH, Suominen H, Valimaki MJ.
Vitamin D status as a determinant of peak bone mass in young Finnish
men.
J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2004 Jan;89(1):76-80.
PMID: 14715830 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
http://jcem.endojournals.org/cgi/content/full/89/1/76
A good vitamin D web site is
Vitamin D Council | Understanding Vitamin D Cholecalciferol
<http://www.vitamindcouncil.com/>
An excerpt from its main page:
"* If you totally avoid the sun, recent research indicates
you need about 4,000 units of vitamin D a day! Which means
you can't get enough vitamin D from milk (unless you drink
40 glasses a day) or from a multivitamin (unless you take
about 10 tablets a day), neither of which is recommended.
* Most of us make about 20,000 units of vitamin D after
about 20 minutes of summer sun. This is about 100 times
more vitamin D than the government says you need every day.
* The only way to be sure you have adequate levels of
vitamin D in your blood is to regularly go into the sun,
use a sun bed (avoiding sunburn), or, have your physician
administer a 25-hydroxy-vitamin D blood test. Optimal
levels are around 50 ng/ml (125 nm/L).
* If you don't get vitamin D the way Mother Nature
intended, from sunshine, you need to take supplemental
vitamin D3 Cholecalciferol. Since most of us get a lot more
vitamin D from sunshine than we realize, most of us need
about 2,000 units a day extra."
For those who are _really_ interested about vitamin D I*ll give a
lareg bunch of references below:
First, additional studies about prevalence of inadequate vitamin D
status:
Lehtonen-Veromaa M, Mottonen T, Irjala K, Karkkainen M,
Lamberg-Allardt C, Hakola P, Viikari J.
Vitamin D intake is low and hypovitaminosis D common in healthy 9- to
15-year-old Finnish girls.
Eur J Clin Nutr. 1999 Sep;53(9):746-51.
PMID: 10509773 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
<http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=pubmed&cmd=Retrieve&dopt=AbstractPlus&list_uids=10509773>
Lamberg-Allardt CJ, Outila TA, Karkkainen MU, Rita HJ, Valsta LM.
Vitamin D deficiency and bone health in healthy adults in Finland:
could this be a concern in other parts of Europe?
J Bone Miner Res. 2001 Nov;16(11):2066-73.
PMID: 11697803 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
<http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?itool=abstractplus&db=pubmed&cmd=Retrieve&dopt=abstractplus&list_uids=11697803>
"... Low vitamin D status was prevalent in these young adults
in northern Europe in winter, although the vitamin D intake met
the recommendation. This probably is not a local problem for
northern Europe, because the natural sources of vitamin D are
scarce and fortification is not very common in Europe, and with
the exception of the southern part of Europe, sunshine is not
very abundant in this part of the world. Thus, the results of
this study indicate that more attention should be focused on
vitamin D status and the sources of vitamin D in these
countries."
Andersen R, Molgaard C, Skovgaard LT, Brot C, Cashman KD, Chabros E,
Charzewska J, Flynn A, Jakobsen J, Karkkainen M, Kiely M,
Lamberg-Allardt C, Moreiras O, Natri AM, O'brien M,
Rogalska-Niedzwiedz M, Ovesen L.
Teenage girls and elderly women living in northern Europe have low
winter vitamin D status.
Eur J Clin Nutr. 2005 Apr;59(4):533-41.
PMID: 15714215 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
<http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=pubmed&cmd=Retrieve&dopt=AbstractPlus&list_uids=15714215>
"... CONCLUSION: Vitamin D status is low in northern Europe
during winter. More than one-third of the adolescent girls have
vitamin D status below 25 nmol/l and almost all are below 50
nmol/l. Two-thirds of the elderly community-dwelling women have
vitamin D status below 50 nmol/l. Use of vitamin D supplements
is a significant positive determinant for S-25OHD for both
girls and women (P = 0.001)."
Kauppinen-Makelin R, Tahtela R, Loyttyniemi E, Karkkainen J, Valimaki
MJ.
A high prevalence of hypovitaminosis D in Finnish medical in- and
outpatients.
J Intern Med. 2001 Jun;249(6):559-63.
PMID: 11422663 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
<http://www.blackwell-synergy.com/doi/full/10.1046/j.1365-2796.2001.00847.x>
Thomas MK, Lloyd-Jones DM, Thadhani RI, Shaw AC, Deraska DJ, Kitch BT,
Vamvakas EC, Dick IM, Prince RL, Finkelstein JS.
Hypovitaminosis D in medical inpatients.
N Engl J Med. 1998 Mar 19;338(12):777-83.
PMID: 9504937 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
<http://content.nejm.org/cgi/content/full/338/12/777>
Glerup H, Mikkelsen K, Poulsen L, Hass E, Overbeck S, Thomsen J,
Charles P, Eriksen EF.
Commonly recommended daily intake of vitamin D is not sufficient if
sunlight exposure is limited. J Intern Med. 2000 Feb;247(2):260-8.
PMID: 10692090
<http://www.blackwell-synergy.com/doi/full/10.1046/j.1365-2796.2000.00595.x?cookieSet=1>
Hochwald O, Harman-Boehm I, Castel H.
Hypovitaminosis D among inpatients in a sunny country.
Isr Med Assoc J. 2004 Feb;6(2):82-7.
PMID: 14986463 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
<http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=pubmed&cmd=Retrieve&dopt=AbstractPlus&list_uids=14986463>
Holick MF.
High prevalence of vitamin D inadequacy and implications for health.
Mayo Clin Proc. 2006 Mar;81(3):353-73. Review.
PMID: 16529140 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
<http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=pubmed&cmd=Retrieve&dopt=AbstractPlus&list_uids=16529140>
Then perhaps the first study, which showed the influence of season and
latitude on the cutaneous synthesis of vitamin D3:
Webb AR, Kline L, Holick MF.
Influence of season and latitude on the cutaneous synthesis of vitamin
D3: exposure to winter sunlight in Boston and Edmonton will not
promote vitamin D3 synthesis in human skin.
J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1988 Aug;67(2):373-8.
PMID: 2839537 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
<http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?itool=abstractplus&db=pubmed&cmd=Retrieve&dopt=abstractplus&list_uids=2839537>
Abstract:
"Sunlight has long been recognized as a major provider of
vitamin D for humans; radiation in the UVB (290-315 nm) portion
of the solar spectrum photolyzes 7-dehydrocholesterol in the
skin to previtamin D3, which, in turn, is converted by a
thermal process to vitamin D3. Latitude and season affect both
the quantity and quality of solar radiation reaching the
earth's surface, especially in the UVB region of the spectrum,
but little is known about how these influence the ability of
sunlight to synthesize vitamin D3 in skin. A model has been
developed to evaluate the effect of seasonal and latitudinal
changes on the potential of sunlight to initiate cutaneous
production of vitamin D3. Human skin or [3 alpha-3H]7-
dehydrocholesterol exposed to sunlight on cloudless days in
Boston (42.2 degrees N) from November through February produced
no previtamin D3. In Edmonton (52 degrees N) this ineffective
winter period extended from October through March. Further
south (34 degrees N and 18 degrees N), sunlight effectively
photoconverted 7-dehydrocholesterol to previtamin D3 in the
middle of winter. These results quantify the dramatic influence
of changes in solar UVB radiation on cutaneous vitamin D3
synthesis and indicate the latitudinal increase in the length
of the "vitamin D winter" during which dietary supplementation
of the vitamin may be advisable."
Another useful article about the influence of season and latitude on
the cutaneous synthesis of vitamin D3 is
Engelsen O, Brustad M, Aksnes L, Lund E.
Daily duration of vitamin D synthesis in human skin with relation to
latitude, total ozone, altitude, ground cover, aerosols and cloud
thickness.
Photochem Photobiol. 2005 Nov-Dec;81(6):1287-90.
PMID: 16354110 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
<http://phot.allenpress.com/photonline/?request=get-abstract&issn=0031-8655&volume=81&page=1287>
<http://www.bioone.org/perlserv/?request=get-abstract&issn=0031-8655&volume=81&page=1287>
<http://phot.allenpress.com/photonline/?request=get-document&doi=10.1562%2F2004-11-19-RN-375>
(full text)
Check out also the pages
VitD Duration of Vitamin D Synthesis in Human Skin
<http://zardoz.nilu.no/~olaeng/fastrt/VitD.html>
VitD-ez Easy Duration of Vitamin D Synthesis in Human Skin
<http://zardoz.nilu.no/~olaeng/fastrt/VitD-ez.html>
mentioned in the above abstract.
Here some additional studies about vitamin D:
Vieth R.
Vitamin D supplementation, 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations, and
safety.
Am J Clin Nutr. 1999 May;69(5):842-56. Review.
PMID: 10232622 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
<http://www.ajcn.org/cgi/content/full/69/5/842>
In this article Vieth painstakingly carefully proves that 20 minutes
of full body exposure to the sunlight on a sunny summer day
corresponds to the oral intake of 10000-25000 vitamin D. Vieth
concludes that doses at least upto 10000 IU/d are physiological and
therefore safe.
Equally important is the follow-up study
Vieth R, Chan PC, MacFarlane GD.
Efficacy and safety of vitamin D3 intake exceeding the lowest observed
adverse effect level.
Am J Clin Nutr. 2001 Feb;73(2):288-94.
PMID: 11157326 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
<http://www.ajcn.org/cgi/content/full/73/2/288>
The third study, which explores the effect of various vitamin D doses
up to 11000 IU/d:
Heaney RP, Davies KM, Chen TC, Holick MF, Barger-Lux MJ.
Human serum 25-hydroxycholecalciferol response to extended oral dosing
with cholecalciferol.
Am J Clin Nutr. 2003 Jan;77(1):204-10. Erratum in: Am J Clin Nutr.
2003 Nov;78(5):1047.
PMID: 12499343 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
<http://www.ajcn.org/cgi/content/full/77/1/204>
<http://www.ajcn.org/cgi/content/full/78/5/1047> (Erratum)
More studies:
Zittermann A.
Vitamin D in preventive medicine: are we ignoring the evidence?
Br J Nutr. 2003 May;89(5):552-72. Review.
PMID: 12720576 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
<http://tinyurl.com/k76jr> (The link is to the abstract, but on that
page there are links to free full text HTML and PDF files)
Giovannucci E, Liu Y, Rimm EB, Hollis BW, Fuchs CS, Stampfer MJ,
Willett WC.
Prospective study of predictors of vitamin D status and cancer
incidence and mortality in men.
J Natl Cancer Inst. 2006 Apr 5;98(7):451-9. PMID: 16595781
(abstract; full text freely available from the abstract page)
<http://jncicancerspectrum.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/abstract/jnci;98/7/451>
Heaney RP.
Long-latency deficiency disease: insights from calcium and vitamin D.
Am J Clin Nutr. 2003 Nov;78(5):912-9. Review.
PMID: 14594776 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
<http://www.ajcn.org/cgi/content/full/78/5/912>
Heaney RP.
The Vitamin D requirement in health and disease.
J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 2005 Oct;97(1-2):13-9. Epub 2005 Jul 18.
Review.
PMID: 16026981 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
<http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=pubmed&cmd=Retrieve&dopt=AbstractPlus&list_uids=16026981>
Holick MF.
Sunlight and vitamin D for bone health and prevention of autoimmune
diseases, cancers, and cardiovascular disease.
Am J Clin Nutr. 2004 Dec;80(6 Suppl):1678S-88S. Review.
PMID: 15585788 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
<http://www.ajcn.org/cgi/content/full/80/6/1678S>
Holick MF.
Vitamin D: importance in the prevention of cancers, type 1 diabetes,
heart disease, and osteoporosis.
Am J Clin Nutr. 2004 Mar;79(3):362-71. Review. Erratum in: Am J Clin
Nutr. 2004 May;79(5):890.
PMID: 14985208 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
<http://www.ajcn.org/cgi/content/full/79/3/362>
Holick MF.
Vitamin D: its role in cancer prevention and treatment.
Prog Biophys Mol Biol. 2006 Sep;92(1):49-59. Epub 2006 Mar 10. Review.
PMID: 16566961 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
<http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=pubmed&cmd=Retrieve&dopt=AbstractPlus&list_uids=16566961>
Grant WB.
Epidemiology of disease risks in relation to vitamin D insufficiency.
Prog Biophys Mol Biol. 2006 Sep;92(1):65-79. Epub 2006 Feb 28. Review.
PMID: 16546242 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
<http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=pubmed&cmd=Retrieve&dopt=AbstractPlus&list_uids=16546242>
Raiten DJ, Picciano MF.
Vitamin D and health in the 21st century: bone and beyond. Executive
summary.
Am J Clin Nutr. 2004 Dec;80(6 Suppl):1673S-7S. Review.
PMID: 15585787 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
<http://www.ajcn.org/cgi/content/full/80/6/1673S>
Lin R, White JH.
The pleiotropic actions of vitamin D.
Bioessays. 2004 Jan;26(1):21-8. Review.
PMID: 14696037 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
<http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=pubmed&cmd=Retrieve&dopt=AbstractPlus&list_uids=14696037>
Gombart AF, Luong QT, Koeffler HP.
Vitamin D compounds: activity against microbes and cancer.
Anticancer Res. 2006 Jul-Aug;26(4A):2531-42. Review.
PMID: 16886661 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
<http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=pubmed&cmd=Retrieve&dopt=AbstractPlus&list_uids=16886661>
Spina CS, Tangpricha V, Uskokovic M, Adorinic L, Maehr H, Holick MF.
Vitamin D and cancer.
Anticancer Res. 2006 Jul-Aug;26(4A):2515-24. Review.
PMID: 16886659 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
<http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=pubmed&cmd=Retrieve&dopt=AbstractPlus&list_uids=16886659>
Garland CF, Garland FC, Gorham ED, Lipkin M, Newmark H, Mohr SB,
Holick MF.
The role of vitamin D in cancer prevention.
Am J Public Health. 2006 Feb;96(2):252-61. Epub 2005 Dec 27. Review.
PMID: 16380576 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
<http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=pubmed&cmd=Retrieve&dopt=AbstractPlus&list_uids=16380576>
Giovannucci E.
The epidemiology of vitamin D and cancer incidence and mortality: a
review (United States).
Cancer Causes Control. 2005 Mar;16(2):83-95. Review.
PMID: 15868450 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
<http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=pubmed&cmd=Retrieve&dopt=AbstractPlus&list_uids=15868450>
Calvo MS, Whiting SJ, Barton CN.
Vitamin D intake: a global perspective of current status.
J Nutr. 2005 Feb;135(2):310-6. Review.
PMID: 15671233 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
<http://jn.nutrition.org/cgi/content/full/135/2/310>
Holick MF.
Sunlight and vitamin D for bone health and prevention of autoimmune
diseases, cancers, and cardiovascular disease.
Am J Clin Nutr. 2004 Dec;80(6 Suppl):1678S-88S. Review.
PMID: 15585788 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
<http://www.ajcn.org/cgi/content/full/80/6/1678S>
--
Matti Narkia |
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| Matti Narkia |
| Posted: Mon Dec 11, 2006 6:45 pm |
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Guest
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On Mon, 11 Dec 2006 21:31:48 +0200, Matti Narkia <mna@mbnet.fi> wrote:
Quote: On Mon, 11 Dec 2006 20:26:51 +0200, Matti Narkia <mna@mbnet.fi> wrote:
On Mon, 11 Dec 2006 13:01:04 -0500, J <ercent@anon.inv> wrote:
http://dietary-supplements.info.nih.gov/factsheets/vitamind.asp
Lists who needs more sun exposure and/or Vitamin D (and sources)
and :What are the health risks of too much vitamin D?"
If one believes the top vitamin D researchers such as Vieth, Heaney
and Holick, and the results of the recent studies, and why wouldn't
we, in the absence of the exposure to the sun's UVB-radiation (for
example in the winter at latitudes > 40 degrees) the daily dietary
doses recommended on the above web page are far too low. At least
1000-2000 IU are needed daily from food and/or supplements in the
absence of the exposure to the UVB-radiation. It is practically
impossible to get that much from food, so supplements may be needed
during the winter of far north and south. Here a couple of Finnish
studies about the vitamin D status of young Finnish men in the winter:
Valimaki VV, Loyttyniemi E, Valimaki MJ.
Vitamin D fortification of milk products does not resolve
hypovitaminosis D in young Finnish men.
Eur J Clin Nutr. 2006 Nov 29; [Epub ahead of print]
PMID: 17136043 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
http://www.nature.com/ejcn/journal/vaop/ncurrent/abs/1602550a.html
Valimaki VV, Alfthan H, Lehmuskallio E, Loyttyniemi E, Sahi T, Stenman
UH, Suominen H, Valimaki MJ.
Vitamin D status as a determinant of peak bone mass in young Finnish
men.
J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2004 Jan;89(1):76-80.
PMID: 14715830 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
http://jcem.endojournals.org/cgi/content/full/89/1/76
Here's a fairly recent review article, which addresses the question
about the optimal serum calcidiol (25-hydroxyvitamin D, 25(OH)D) level
and the daily dose of vitamin D3 required to reach such level:
Bischoff-Ferrari HA, Giovannucci E, Willett WC, Dietrich T,
Dawson-Hughes B.
Estimation of optimal serum concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D for
multiple health outcomes. Am J Clin Nutr. 2006 Jul;84(1):18-28.
Review.
PMID: 16825677
http://www.ajcn.org/cgi/content/full/84/1/18> (full text)
"Recent evidence suggests that vitamin D intakes above current
recommendations may be associated with better health outcomes.
However, optimal serum concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D
[25(OH)D] have not been defined. This review summarizes
evidence from studies that evaluated thresholds for serum
25(OH)D concentrations in relation to bone mineral density
(BMD), lower-extremity function, dental health, and risk of
falls, fractures, and colorectal cancer. For all endpoints, the
most advantageous serum concentrations of 25(OH)D begin at 75
nmol/L (30 ng/mL), and the best are between 90 and 100 nmol/L
(36–40 ng/mL). In most persons, these concentrations could not
be reached with the currently recommended intakes of 200 and
600 IU vitamin D/d for younger and older adults, respectively.
A comparison of vitamin D intakes with achieved serum
concentrations of 25(OH)D for the purpose of estimating optimal
intakes led us to suggest that, for bone health in younger
adults and all studied outcomes in older adults, an increase in
the currently recommended intake of vitamin D is warranted. An
intake for all adults of =1000 IU (40 µg) vitamin D
The sign on the above line is >= (greater or equal; see the article)
and the line therefore should read
"intake for all adults of >= 1000 IU (40 µg) vitamin D
Windows or/and my newsreader apparantly do not support the one
character "greater or eaqual" sign used in the article, so it was
mistakenly converted to "equal sign) in copying and pasting.
Quote: (cholecalciferol)/d is needed to bring vitamin D concentrations
in no less than 50% of the population up to 75 nmol/L. The
implications of higher doses for the entire adult population
should be addressed in future studies."
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Matti Narkia |
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| Matti Narkia |
| Posted: Mon Dec 11, 2006 9:14 pm |
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On Mon, 11 Dec 2006 21:37:22 +0200, Matti Narkia <mna@mbnet.fi> wrote:
is 47.6% according to the study
Meddeb N, Sahli H, Chahed M, Abdelmoula J, Feki M, Salah H, Frini S,
Kaabachi N, Belkahia Ch, Mbazaa R, Zouari B, Sellami S. Vitamin D
deficiency in Tunisia.
Osteoporos Int. 2005 Feb;16(2):180-3. Epub 2004 Jun 10.
PMID: 15197539 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
<http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?itool=abstractplus&db=pubmed&cmd=Retrieve&dopt=abstractplus&list_uids=15197539>
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Matti Narkia |
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| J |
| Posted: Wed Dec 13, 2006 5:07 am |
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Matti Narkia wrote:
Quote: On Mon, 11 Dec 2006 13:01:04 -0500, J <ercent@anon.inv> wrote:
http://dietary-supplements.info.nih.gov/factsheets/vitamind.asp
Lists who needs more sun exposure and/or Vitamin D (and sources)
and :What are the health risks of too much vitamin D?"
If one believes the top vitamin D researchers such as Vieth, Heaney
and Holick, and the results of the recent studies, and why wouldn't
we, in the absence of the exposure to the sun's UVB-radiation (for
example in the winter at latitudes > 40 degrees) the daily dietary
doses recommended on the above web page are far too low. At least
1000-2000 IU are needed daily from food and/or supplements in the
absence of the exposure to the UVB-radiation. It is practically
impossible to get that much from food, so supplements may be needed
during the winter of far north and south.
And how are you going to inform them and the others, that are at
particular risk?
And how are you going to see that it's provided to same, each day?
Sounds like it should be started at birth.
There's a whole big world of people out there, who don't have doctors,
don't have TV or newspapers, or (insert here education program on such
and/or money to buy some).
J |
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| Matti Narkia |
| Posted: Wed Dec 13, 2006 10:54 am |
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Guest
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On Mon, 11 Dec 2006 20:26:51 +0200, Matti Narkia <mna@mbnet.fi> wrote:
Quote: On Mon, 11 Dec 2006 13:01:04 -0500, J <ercent@anon.inv> wrote:
http://dietary-supplements.info.nih.gov/factsheets/vitamind.asp
Lists who needs more sun exposure and/or Vitamin D (and sources)
and :What are the health risks of too much vitamin D?"
If one believes the top vitamin D researchers such as Vieth, Heaney
and Holick, and the results of the recent studies, and why wouldn't
we, in the absence of the exposure to the sun's UVB-radiation (for
example in the winter at latitudes > 40 degrees) the daily dietary
doses recommended on the above web page are far too low. At least
1000-2000 IU are needed daily from food and/or supplements in the
absence of the exposure to the UVB-radiation. It is practically
impossible to get that much from food, so supplements may be needed
during the winter of far north and south. Here a couple of Finnish
studies about the vitamin D status of young Finnish men in the winter:
Valimaki VV, Loyttyniemi E, Valimaki MJ.
Vitamin D fortification of milk products does not resolve
hypovitaminosis D in young Finnish men.
Eur J Clin Nutr. 2006 Nov 29; [Epub ahead of print]
PMID: 17136043 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
http://www.nature.com/ejcn/journal/vaop/ncurrent/abs/1602550a.html
Valimaki VV, Alfthan H, Lehmuskallio E, Loyttyniemi E, Sahi T, Stenman
UH, Suominen H, Valimaki MJ.
Vitamin D status as a determinant of peak bone mass in young Finnish
men.
J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2004 Jan;89(1):76-80.
PMID: 14715830 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
http://jcem.endojournals.org/cgi/content/full/89/1/76
From the
TABLE 5. Seasonal changes in biochemical markers (median with ranges)
in young men
<http://jcem.endojournals.org/cgi/content-nw/full/89/1/76/T5>
in the above study you see that in January the median of the serum
calcidiol (25(OH)D) concentration among these subjects (220 young
Finnish men) was 24 nmol/l, and even the highest measured
concentration was only 66 nmol/l, the lowest level was 6 nmol/l! All
very far from the suggested 90-100 nmol/l optimum level.
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Matti Narkia |
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| Matti Narkia |
| Posted: Wed Dec 13, 2006 11:20 am |
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On Wed, 13 Dec 2006 04:07:30 -0500, J <ercent@anon.inv> wrote:
Quote: Matti Narkia wrote:
On Mon, 11 Dec 2006 13:01:04 -0500, J <ercent@anon.inv> wrote:
http://dietary-supplements.info.nih.gov/factsheets/vitamind.asp
Lists who needs more sun exposure and/or Vitamin D (and sources)
and :What are the health risks of too much vitamin D?"
If one believes the top vitamin D researchers such as Vieth, Heaney
and Holick, and the results of the recent studies, and why wouldn't
we, in the absence of the exposure to the sun's UVB-radiation (for
example in the winter at latitudes > 40 degrees) the daily dietary
doses recommended on the above web page are far too low. At least
1000-2000 IU are needed daily from food and/or supplements in the
absence of the exposure to the UVB-radiation. It is practically
impossible to get that much from food, so supplements may be needed
during the winter of far north and south.
And how are you going to inform them and the others, that are at
particular risk?
And how are you going to see that it's provided to same, each day?
Sounds like it should be started at birth.
There's a whole big world of people out there, who don't have doctors,
don't have TV or newspapers, or (insert here education program on such
and/or money to buy some).
I don't know what exactly what you are after, but naturally there is a
lot of work to be done. Because people don't generally read scientific
studies, the first step would be to revise the current rcommendations
for vitamin D intake and for the tolerable upper input level.
Unfortunately that is bureaucratic process which is done by
committees, in U.S. by FNB (Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of
Medicine), and it can take some time. Below a lengthy quote from the
study
Heaney RP, Davies KM, Chen TC, Holick MF, Barger-Lux MJ.
Human serum 25-hydroxycholecalciferol response to extended oral dosing
with cholecalciferol.
Am J Clin Nutr. 2003 Jan;77(1):204-10. Erratum in: Am J Clin Nutr.
2003 Nov;78(5):1047.
PMID: 12499343 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
<http://www.ajcn.org/cgi/content/full/77/1/204>
which is related to this:
"Our calculations assume the effective equivalence of oral and
cutaneous sources of cholecalciferol. If this assumption is
approximately correct, it follows that typical food and
supplement inputs provide < 15% of the amount required to
sustain, for example, a serum 25(OH)D3 concentration of 70–80
nmol/L. Thus, the recommendations of the FNB with respect to
oral vitamin D input (1) fall into a curious zone between
irrelevance and inadequacy. For those persons with extensive
solar exposure, the recommended inputs add little to their
usual daily production, and for those with no exposure (or
those, such as the elderly, with reduced cutaneous synthesis),
the recommended doses are insufficient to ensure desired 25(OH)
D concentrations. For example, if a 70-y-old person’s sole
source of vitamin D were the 600 IU/d recommended by the FNB
(1), the data presented in this paper indicate that such an
amount would be sufficient to sustain a 25(OH)D3 concentration
in the range of only 12.5 nmol/L, a value generally recognized
as subnormal and probably consistent with osteomalacia. Even if
the 25(OH)D response slope from a concentration of severe
depletion were 3 times that reported here, following the FNB’s
recommendation in those aged > 70 y would produce a serum
25(OH)D concentration of only 37.5 nmol/L, which remains far
from adequate. Several groups have reached the same conclusion,
namely that, without appreciable cutaneous synthesis, current
cholecalciferol input recommendations are inadequate (19,20).
None of this is to be taken as a criticism of the 1997
recommendations. Two of us (MFH and RPH), in fact, served on
the Calcium and Related Nutrients Panel of the FNB. As noted in
the Introduction, the data needed for the calculations
presented here simply did not exist at the time the current
recommendations were formulated. However, given the general
consistency of the findings from both this investigation and
the others cited above, it may be that the FNB should reopen
this issue.
Widespread supplementation with vitamin D has important public
health implications. The FNB proposed estimates, for the first
time, of tolerable upper input levels for nutrients,
particularly for the micronutrients that can be incorporated
into foods as fortificants or ingested as nutritional
supplements (1). Evidence available to the FNB with regard to
vitamin D toxicity at inputs of the magnitude employed in this
study was scant in the extreme. Nevertheless, on the basis of
sporadic reports (of uncertain quality) of hypercalcemia and
hypercalciuria, the panel settled on a conservative tolerable
upper input level of 2000 IU/d for vitamin D (1), recognizing
that many persons, especially those who work outdoors in the
summer, almost certainly had higher inputs without apparent
adverse effect.
We agree completely with Vieth (9) that the evidence available
today indicates that a value of 2000 IU/d for the tolerable
upper input level is too low. As already noted, the data
presented here indicate an average daily need perhaps twice
that amount. Note that, in our study, 20 wk of supplementation
at 5500 and 11 000 IU/d, starting from a status of relative
vitamin D repletion, produced no elevation of serum calcium
above the upper limits of normal in any subject. Note also that
the highest mean 25(OH)D3 values reached were {approx}160 and
{approx}220 nmol/L, respectively. By contrast, a case report
(21) suggested that serum 25(OH)D concentrations between 125
and 225 nmol/L produce bone loss. Although that study was
almost certainly in error on technical grounds, the fact that
it could be published with an accompanying, supportive
editorial (22) underscores both the almost complete absence of
basic data in this field and the need to obtain such data. This
present report constitutes one step in providing this missing
information."
Meanwhile some researchers are doing what they can, but they are
primarily researchers, not national authorities or politicians, so
they cannot make any decisions. Reinhold Vieth has, however, done a
very good job in spreading the information in his very easy to
understand public information lecture, which can be freely seen as a
video on the web site
<http://www.direct-ms.org/presentations.html
The video works well in IE, but if you use Firefox, you may get an
error message
Cannot create directshow player
If that happens, you may have to reinstall Windows Media Player to get
the lecture work in Firefox. There is discussion about this error in
the thread
npdsplay error - MozillaZine Forums
http://forums.mozillazine.org/viewtopic.php?t=297172
where the solution is also suggested. If it still doesn't work, use IE
instead.
--
Matti Narkia |
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