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Science Forum Index » Medicine - Cancer Forum » High Protein Diets May Boost Cancer Risk
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| Jim Chinnis |
Posted: Fri Dec 08, 2006 11:03 pm |
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"italiangm" <italiangm@yahoo.com> wrote in part:
Quote: 100g of watermelon has a much higher glycemic index value
Glycemic index doesn't vary with portion.
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Jim Chinnis Warrenton, Virginia, USA jchinnis@alum.mit.edu |
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| Matti Narkia |
Posted: Fri Dec 08, 2006 11:07 pm |
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On 8 Dec 2006 18:10:20 -0800, "italiangm" <italiangm@yahoo.com> wrote:
Quote: 100g of watermelon has a much higher glycemic index value than, say,
blueberries. Watermelon will also cause more insulin to be released to
cover the glucose hit than blueberries, and therefore more likely to be
stored as fat.
Correct, I only checked the carb content, which is a relatively low
for a fruit as I mentioned, but as it has a fairly high glycemic index
value, that of course makes it less recommendable, at least for people
having insulin resistance or diabetes.
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Matti Narkia |
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| italiangm |
Posted: Fri Dec 08, 2006 11:30 pm |
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I.P. Freely wrote:
Quote: And glucose is . . . a carb.
Yet, the brain cannot utilize apples or corn (also carbs) until they're
converted to glucose. Glucose is the lowest common denominator,
brainwise.
Quote: Remember, I'm talking generalities here, and as you say the path from
whole grains to glucose is shorter and more efficient than the path from
protein to glucose.
More efficient and shorter does not always equal better, even in folks
without metabolic issues.
Quote: Yes, but as your valid closing paragraph states, many/most people make
wrong choices (as evidenced, for example, by the 2/3 obesity rate in the
U.S.). Beyond opening their eyes to the fallacies of the stereotypical
low-carb mantra ("If I avoid carbs I will be lean and healthy") and/or
starvation diets in place of exercise, there's not much we can do for
them except treat the overeaters' health problems and help obsessive
dieters count the raisins and peas they consume.
Like your generalizations, the statements above oversimplify a complex
process.
Quote: "MORE" likely, yes; I'm asking whether better diet may CONTRIBUTE an
appreciable part to modern man's increased longevity.
Cheap availability of calories definitely contributes to longevity. No
doubt about it. The quality and cost of achieving that longevity during
the last half of our life cycle is an entirely different matter.
Quote: They come from the world's universities and hospitals and the studies
they produce. I'm at their mercy for data.
A critical analysis of meal composition for the vast majority of
studies shows they vary very little from the current nutrition paradigm
and thus get similar results. The few studies that actually stretch
the paradigm reveal markedly different results and usually contribute
most to useful knowledge. Read Banting's work.
Quote: I agree the new food pyramid does exactly that, and it is my major beef
with the pyramid. But it's also one reason why I emphasize the
importance of relatively (to individual ability) hard physical work or
play in our lives. (The other reason is the many shortcomings of weight
control by food alone.)
In terms of efficiency of time and energy expended to achieve results,
it takes far less energy to plan meal composition and execute that
plan, then it does to exercise.
Given current nutrition guidance, folks could be advised not to have
children, take less demanding jobs, and spend more time exercising to
offset their desired meal plans. Perfectly logical options to put on
the table, yet I rarely hear such advice given.
Quote: And now that you mention triglycerides, let me ask whether they may
contribute to physical endurance in people whose cells burn fat before
sugar? I've asked that of many physicians and trainers with no answer
and minimal opinions.
Of course they do. The question is whether the conversion rate back to
glucose can be met on a timely enough basis to match a given level of
exertion. A marathoner will get energy from the entire spectrum of
resources, exhausting the most available ones first. Many wind up
converting lean muscle into glucose at the end. This is evidenced by
measuring several biomarkers that track muscle damage. |
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| Enrico C |
Posted: Sat Dec 09, 2006 4:51 am |
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On Fri, 08 Dec 2006 16:28:36 +0200, Matti Narkia wrote:
Quote: Trichopoulou A, Psaltopoulou T, Orfanos P, Hsieh CC, Trichopoulos D.
Low-carbohydrate-high-protein diet and long-term survival in a general
population cohort.
[...]
I am very skeptical about this study.
So am I.
Quote: Usually
low-carbohydrate-high-protein diet has meant and probably still means
high consumption of red meat
Not just that.
How you cook meat is relevant as well.
The setting of the study was the adult Greek population
What would "high protein" mean in a Greek lunch?
Lots of high-temperature roasted fat meat, maybe?
Have a look at http://www.cspinet.org/nah/11_00/greekfood.html |
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| Enrico C |
Posted: Sat Dec 09, 2006 5:10 am |
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| Enrico C |
Posted: Sat Dec 09, 2006 5:18 am |
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On Sat, 09 Dec 2006 04:44:32 +0200, Matti Narkia wrote:
Quote: I don't suggest that
anyone would completely cut out the carbs or even go below 22% of
energy from carbs,
That begs the question... Why on Earth 22 and not 20 or 25?  |
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| Matti Narkia |
Posted: Sat Dec 09, 2006 8:23 am |
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On Sat, 9 Dec 2006 10:18:45 +0100, Enrico C
<use_replyto_address@devils.com> wrote:
Quote: On Sat, 09 Dec 2006 04:44:32 +0200, Matti Narkia wrote:
I don't suggest that
anyone would completely cut out the carbs or even go below 22% of
energy from carbs,
That begs the question... Why on Earth 22 and not 20 or 25?
Well, it probably could be as well 25% or perhaps even 20%, which are
near enough 22%. The reason for 22% is that it has been estimated that
in the preagricultural diet 22-40% of the energy came from the
carbohydrates:
Cordain L, Eaton SB, Sebastian A, Mann N, Lindeberg S, Watkins BA,
O'Keefe JH, Brand-Miller J.
Origins and evolution of the Western diet: health implications for the
21st century.
Am J Clin Nutr. 2005 Feb;81(2):341-54. Review.
PMID: 15699220 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
<http://www.ajcn.org/cgi/content/full/81/2/341>
Mann NJ.
Paleolithic nutrition: what can we learn from the past?
Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2004;13(Suppl):S17.
PMID: 15294479 [PubMed - in process]
<http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=pubmed&cmd=Retrieve&dopt=AbstractPlus&list_uids=1529447>
Cordain L, Eaton SB, Miller JB, Mann N, Hill K.
The paradoxical nature of hunter-gatherer diets: meat-based, yet
non-atherogenic.
Eur J Clin Nutr. 2002 Mar;56 Suppl 1:S42-52. Review.
PMID: 11965522 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
<http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=pubmed&cmd=Retrieve&dopt=AbstractPlus&list_uids=11965522>
Cordain L, Miller JB, Eaton SB, Mann N, Holt SH, Speth JD.
Plant-animal subsistence ratios and macronutrient energy estimations
in worldwide hunter-gatherer diets.
Am J Clin Nutr. 2000 Mar;71(3):682-92.
PMID: 10702160 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
<http://www.ajcn.org/cgi/content/full/71/3/682>
Miller JC, Colagiuri S.
The carnivore connection: dietary carbohydrate in the evolution of
NIDDM.
Diabetologia. 1994 Dec;37(12):1280-6.
PMID: 7895958 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
<http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=pubmed&cmd=Retrieve&dopt=AbstractPlus&list_uids=7895958>
Colagiuri S, Brand Miller JC.
The metabolic syndrome: from inherited survival trait to a health care
problem.
Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes. 1997;105 Suppl 2:54-60. Review.
PMID: 9288547 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
<http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=pubmed&cmd=Retrieve&dopt=AbstractPlus&list_uids=9288547>
Colagiuri S, Brand Miller J.
The 'carnivore connection'--evolutionary aspects of insulin
resistance.
Eur J Clin Nutr. 2002 Mar;56 Suppl 1:S30-5. Review.
PMID: 11965520 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
<http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=pubmed&cmd=Retrieve&dopt=AbstractPlus&list_uids=11965520>
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Matti Narkia |
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| Matti Narkia |
Posted: Sat Dec 09, 2006 9:43 am |
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On Sat, 09 Dec 2006 04:44:32 +0200, Matti Narkia <mna@mbnet.fi> wrote:
Quote:
As for your question of longevity, we probably live longer now at
least partly for the same reasons, why the animals in the zoo
typically live longer than wild animals: we are better protected, we
are not hunted down by wild beasts, we get food even in the advanced
age, when we would no longer be able to hunt or gather our food, and
above all, we have medical care. I wonder how many of us would live to
the old age with no medical care at all?
Medical care includes vaccinations, antibiotics, and improvements in
hygiene, which have helped to eliminate or curb the infectious
diseases, which used to wipe out large parts of the populations.
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Matti Narkia |
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| Enrico C |
Posted: Sat Dec 09, 2006 12:55 pm |
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On Sat, 09 Dec 2006 14:23:45 +0200, Matti Narkia wrote:
Quote: On Sat, 9 Dec 2006 10:18:45 +0100, Enrico C
use_replyto_address@devils.com> wrote:
On Sat, 09 Dec 2006 04:44:32 +0200, Matti Narkia wrote:
I don't suggest that anyone would completely cut out the carbs or even
go below 22% of energy from carbs,
That begs the question... Why on Earth 22 and not 20 or 25? :-)
Well, it probably could be as well 25% or perhaps even 20%, which are
near enough 22%. The reason for 22% is that it has been estimated that
in the preagricultural diet 22-40% of the energy came from the
carbohydrates:
[...]
Thanks for the references to those articles!
Yet, even if those estimations were relevant to modern man, I am skeptical
about the possibility of estimating macronutrient ranges in preagricultural
diets with such (1%) precision.
Macronutrient estimations by Cordain are derived from Murdock's
Ethnographic Atlas, which provides an overview of the dietary behaviors of
recent (largely 20th century) hunter-gatherers.
Cordain himself admits that "Ethnographic data are qualitative in nature
and as such lack the precision of quantitative data; consequently,
Murdock's subsistence-dependence categories, in almost all cases, represent
subjective approximations by Murdock of the ethnographer's or
anthropologist's original observation." [...]
"Other ethnographers who compiled hunter-gatherer data from the
Ethnographic Atlas noted that the scores Murdock assigned to the 5 basic
subsistence economies are not precise, but rather are approximations (11,
36, 37) generally based on raw weights of the dietary items (36). Although
estimations of energy by weight of wild plant and animal foods may
sometimes yield results similar to actual values, there is considerable
room for error."
http://www.ajcn.org/cgi/content/full/71/3/682?ijkey=85cca45305a2ed7779fe9269e6c78e09fe181444#SEC2
Besides, others don't agree with Cordain's estimations
http://www.ajcn.org/cgi/content/full/72/6/1590
[...]
The !Kung and Hazda, dismissed by Cordain et al as "unrepresentative,"
differ from many hunter-gatherers listed in the Atlas precisely because
they have been relatively well studied dietarily—in both cases, plant foods
contributed the bulk of daily energy intake. Examination of the literature
suggests that hunter-gatherers throughout the world took full advantage of
any dependable sources of dietary energy in their environment (9–11), even
devising complex technologies to secure energy from potentially toxic plant
sources such as acorns and cycads (10, 11). Such dependable plant foods, in
turn, tended to be relied on heavily for dietary energy. For this reason,
Cordain et al's comments on the "low carbohydrate content of wild plant
foods" seem largely beside the point—what is key is the steady availability
of energy from 1 or 2 reliable wild-plant staples.
[...] |
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