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Science Forum Index » Energy Forum » Hydrogen boosters?
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| Guardenman |
Posted: Wed Dec 10, 2003 12:51 pm |
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Guest
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I have been reading a lot about a booster system for gas powered cars.
Basically it uses electrolysis to break down hydrogen and then feeds it
into the carburetor thus improving gas mileage. Has anyone done this?
If you have, how much water do you use, to go say a hundred miles? |
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| Eric Gisin |
Posted: Wed Dec 10, 2003 4:20 pm |
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Guest
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Sure, just like the guy who invented the car that runs on water. He
developed paranoid schizophrenia.
Just put in a 100W alternator, generate hydrogen from water, and use that to
run the car instead of gasoline.
"Guardenman" <m.frisch@charter.net> wrote in message
news:3FD75D05.E8CCA456@charter.net...
Quote: I have been reading a lot about a booster system for gas powered cars.
Basically it uses electrolysis to break down hydrogen and then feeds it
into the carburetor thus improving gas mileage. Has anyone done this?
If you have, how much water do you use, to go say a hundred miles? |
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| Roger Gt |
Posted: Wed Dec 10, 2003 5:28 pm |
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Guest
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"Eric Gisin" <ericgisin@graffiti.net> wrote in message
news:br82qn02c33@enews1.newsguy.com...
Quote: Sure, just like the guy who invented the car that runs on water. He
developed paranoid schizophrenia.
Just put in a 100W alternator, generate hydrogen from water, and use that
to
run the car instead of gasoline.
"Guardenman" <m.frisch@charter.net> wrote in message
news:3FD75D05.E8CCA456@charter.net...
I have been reading a lot about a booster system for gas powered cars.
Basically it uses electrolysis to break down hydrogen and then feeds it
into the carburetor thus improving gas mileage. Has anyone done this?
If you have, how much water do you use, to go say a hundred miles?
This very scheme was patented back about 1934.
However while it seems to work for a while, and with the car at an idle, the
scheme is really a perpetual motion gambit! The special carburetor used
battery power to break down some hydrogen from the water put in the tank.
And after about half a minute you could start the car. While it set idling
there was enough power to keep it running a time on the battery. But when
you drove it, the power from the generator was used to break down the water,
leaving little (read none) for recharging the battery. After a short time,
the energy used to power the car (partially from the battery) would be
greater than the amount the generator could provide! The process stopped!
But they sold a lot of farmers these carburetors and left in gas powered
cars before they were found out!
Back then gasoline was $0.10 a gallon!
Now as a way to save gas? How much energy is required to break down the
water? And how much would it save? given that gas was being burned to
generate the energy to break down the water! |
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| The Enlightenment |
Posted: Wed Dec 10, 2003 9:35 pm |
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Guest
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Guardenman <m.frisch@charter.net> wrote in message news:<3FD75D05.E8CCA456@charter.net>...
Quote: I have been reading a lot about a booster system for gas powered cars.
Basically it uses electrolysis to break down hydrogen and then feeds it
into the carburetor thus improving gas mileage. Has anyone done this?
If you have, how much water do you use, to go say a hundred miles?
The energy absorbed by the alternator (efficiency about 90%) that is
used to electrotyse the hydrogen in an electrolyser (about 80%
efficient at best in a simple installation and more like 65%) will
cost more in terms of energy than it re-supplies. This is one of the
fundemantal laws of the universe known as 'conservation of energy'
There is a case for it nevertheless. Volvo has built such a system
but its use is on supplying a small amount of hydrogen for pollution
control particularly at starup whhen the catalystic convertor is cold.
Hydrogen not being a pollutant can be used to run the engine on a
richer mixture than petrol alone.
I expect that with a bit of clever programing you could optmise the
electrolyser to accumulate hydrogen during brakeing and down hill
runs.
2 square meters of 15% efficient solar cell on the roof of a car would
accumulate about 2kW.Hr of electricity over 6 hours and produce
1.5KWHr of H2 gas. This is equal to about 0.l75 Liters of gasoline
and would propell a car about 2km (1.2 miles) |
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| Guardenman |
Posted: Thu Dec 11, 2003 2:10 pm |
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Guest
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Roger Gt wrote:
Quote:
"Eric Gisin" <ericgisin@graffiti.net> wrote in message
news:br82qn02c33@enews1.newsguy.com...
Sure, just like the guy who invented the car that runs on water. He
developed paranoid schizophrenia.
Just put in a 100W alternator, generate hydrogen from water, and use that
to
run the car instead of gasoline.
"Guardenman" <m.frisch@charter.net> wrote in message
news:3FD75D05.E8CCA456@charter.net...
I have been reading a lot about a booster system for gas powered cars.
Basically it uses electrolysis to break down hydrogen and then feeds it
into the carburetor thus improving gas mileage. Has anyone done this?
If you have, how much water do you use, to go say a hundred miles?
This very scheme was patented back about 1934.
However while it seems to work for a while, and with the car at an idle, the
scheme is really a perpetual motion gambit! The special carburetor used
battery power to break down some hydrogen from the water put in the tank.
And after about half a minute you could start the car. While it set idling
there was enough power to keep it running a time on the battery. But when
you drove it, the power from the generator was used to break down the water,
leaving little (read none) for recharging the battery. After a short time,
the energy used to power the car (partially from the battery) would be
greater than the amount the generator could provide! The process stopped!
But they sold a lot of farmers these carburetors and left in gas powered
cars before they were found out!
Back then gasoline was $0.10 a gallon!
Now as a way to save gas? How much energy is required to break down the
water? And how much would it save? given that gas was being burned to
generate the energy to break down the water!
No body is talking about doing away with the gasoline. Everything I have
read says, this system just uses the alternator to produce some
hydrogen, that increases mileage. I understand that you can't do away
with power using some perpetual motion pipe dream. But a normal car
alternator does produce more power, than the car uses to run. There is
no reason, this additional power, couldn't be used to run a electrolysis
device. I have read about people tripling there gas mileage doing this.
That seems far fetched to me. But i could see how it would improve gas
mileage. |
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| Say not the Struggle noug |
Posted: Fri Dec 12, 2003 4:04 pm |
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Guest
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If it won't make enough hydrogen to power itself, it won't make enought
hydrogen to increase your gas mileage.
In fact, you gas mileage should decrease.
With a car you have a closed system, you put in gas, you get out work,
expressed as miles per gallon. If you use some of this energy to
generate electricity, to hydrolyze water, to generate hydrogen, to burn
in the motor, and have energy losses in each step, how will you increase
your gas mileage.
You can't win, you can't break even, you can't even quit the game.
j.
Guardenman wrote:
Quote: Roger Gt wrote:
"Eric Gisin" <ericgisin@graffiti.net> wrote in message
news:br82qn02c33@enews1.newsguy.com...
Sure, just like the guy who invented the car that runs on water. He
developed paranoid schizophrenia.
Just put in a 100W alternator, generate hydrogen from water, and use that
to
run the car instead of gasoline.
"Guardenman" <m.frisch@charter.net> wrote in message
news:3FD75D05.E8CCA456@charter.net...
I have been reading a lot about a booster system for gas powered cars.
Basically it uses electrolysis to break down hydrogen and then feeds it
into the carburetor thus improving gas mileage. Has anyone done this?
If you have, how much water do you use, to go say a hundred miles?
This very scheme was patented back about 1934.
However while it seems to work for a while, and with the car at an idle, the
scheme is really a perpetual motion gambit! The special carburetor used
battery power to break down some hydrogen from the water put in the tank.
And after about half a minute you could start the car. While it set idling
there was enough power to keep it running a time on the battery. But when
you drove it, the power from the generator was used to break down the water,
leaving little (read none) for recharging the battery. After a short time,
the energy used to power the car (partially from the battery) would be
greater than the amount the generator could provide! The process stopped!
But they sold a lot of farmers these carburetors and left in gas powered
cars before they were found out!
Back then gasoline was $0.10 a gallon!
Now as a way to save gas? How much energy is required to break down the
water? And how much would it save? given that gas was being burned to
generate the energy to break down the water!
No body is talking about doing away with the gasoline. Everything I have
read says, this system just uses the alternator to produce some
hydrogen, that increases mileage. I understand that you can't do away
with power using some perpetual motion pipe dream. But a normal car
alternator does produce more power, than the car uses to run. There is
no reason, this additional power, couldn't be used to run a electrolysis
device. I have read about people tripling there gas mileage doing this.
That seems far fetched to me. But i could see how it would improve gas
mileage. |
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| Chris Torek |
Posted: Sat Dec 13, 2003 12:57 am |
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Guest
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In article <news:93qCb.5353$kY5.2031@newssvr33.news.prodigy.com>
Say not the Struggle nought Availeth <nospam@nospam.net> writes:
Quote: If it won't make enough hydrogen to power itself, it won't make enought
hydrogen to increase your gas mileage.
In fact, you gas mileage should decrease.
(It will, on average.)
Quote: With a car you have a closed system, you put in gas, you get out work,
expressed as miles per gallon. If you use some of this energy to
generate electricity, to hydrolyze water, to generate hydrogen, to burn
in the motor, and have energy losses in each step, how will you increase
your gas mileage.
The potential answer -- which turns out to be false -- is "by
increasing the overall average efficiency of the steps, so that
any loss involved in the [rapid] electrolysis is made up for by
increased efficiency in later steps". (Note that sufficiently
slow electrolysis is endothermic, but is too slow to be useful.)
That is, one megajoule of gasoline contains enough energy to move
the car some distance D. (The distance D here is 1.00 Arbitrary
Units. ) But the engine and drivetrain and so on are only (say)
25% efficient, so the car moves D=0.25. If the hydrogen somehow
magically increased the engine-and-drivetrain efficiency to 95%,
and you used 20% of the 1 MJ of energy in the gasoline to produce
the hydrogen involved, then the car would now go 0.8 MJ worth of
..95D distance instead of 1.0 MJ worth of 0.25D distance. 0.8 times
0.95 is 0.76, so the car would move 0.76 D's (miles, kilometers,
yards, parsecs, nanometers, whatever) instead of 0.25 D's.
Alas, it does not work. I suspect the efficiency does not increase
one bit, but even if it were to increase from 25% to 30% (and still
using the 20%-goes-to-make-the-hydrogen rule), we would have the
car move 0.25 x 1.0 without it, vs 0.30 x 0.8 with it. This works
out to 0.25 vs 0.24 -- i.e., the car no longer goes quite as far.
Different deltas of efficiency vs different amounts of energy used
to make the hydrogen give different results, of course. But if
anyone claims they have numbers that work out better than unmodified,
I recommend a skeptical stance. :-)
(What *does* work -- and extremely well -- is to use a hybrid
gas/electric system. If I were buying a car today I would be
looking very closely at the Prius. It reportedly "feels" a lot
like a Camry, which, while generic, is a perfectly good car; and
it gets stupendous mileage. The price is not what I would consider
outrageous, either.)
--
In-Real-Life: Chris Torek, Wind River Systems
Salt Lake City, UT, USA (40°39.22'N, 111°50.29'W) +1 801 277 2603
email: forget about it http://web.torek.net/torek/index.html
Reading email is like searching for food in the garbage, thanks to spammers. |
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| Peter_purple |
Posted: Sat Dec 13, 2003 9:26 am |
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Guest
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It makes far more sense to somehow recover the 75% of heat
and do useful work with that,
Anyone come up with a stirling engine to use (eg) the exhaust
heat and couple this into the crankshaft or through some differential
into the drive shaft (rear wheel assumed),
rgds
peter purple proclaims
Chris Torek wrote:
Quote: In article <news:93qCb.5353$kY5.2031@newssvr33.news.prodigy.com
Say not the Struggle nought Availeth <nospam@nospam.net> writes:
If it won't make enough hydrogen to power itself, it won't make enought
hydrogen to increase your gas mileage.
In fact, you gas mileage should decrease.
(It will, on average.)
With a car you have a closed system, you put in gas, you get out work,
expressed as miles per gallon. If you use some of this energy to
generate electricity, to hydrolyze water, to generate hydrogen, to burn
in the motor, and have energy losses in each step, how will you increase
your gas mileage.
The potential answer -- which turns out to be false -- is "by
increasing the overall average efficiency of the steps, so that
any loss involved in the [rapid] electrolysis is made up for by
increased efficiency in later steps". (Note that sufficiently
slow electrolysis is endothermic, but is too slow to be useful.)
That is, one megajoule of gasoline contains enough energy to move
the car some distance D. (The distance D here is 1.00 Arbitrary
Units.  ) But the engine and drivetrain and so on are only (say)
25% efficient, so the car moves D=0.25. If the hydrogen somehow
magically increased the engine-and-drivetrain efficiency to 95%,
and you used 20% of the 1 MJ of energy in the gasoline to produce
the hydrogen involved, then the car would now go 0.8 MJ worth of
.95D distance instead of 1.0 MJ worth of 0.25D distance. 0.8 times
0.95 is 0.76, so the car would move 0.76 D's (miles, kilometers,
yards, parsecs, nanometers, whatever) instead of 0.25 D's.
Alas, it does not work. I suspect the efficiency does not increase
one bit, but even if it were to increase from 25% to 30% (and still
using the 20%-goes-to-make-the-hydrogen rule), we would have the
car move 0.25 x 1.0 without it, vs 0.30 x 0.8 with it. This works
out to 0.25 vs 0.24 -- i.e., the car no longer goes quite as far.
Different deltas of efficiency vs different amounts of energy used
to make the hydrogen give different results, of course. But if
anyone claims they have numbers that work out better than unmodified,
I recommend a skeptical stance. :-)
(What *does* work -- and extremely well -- is to use a hybrid
gas/electric system. If I were buying a car today I would be
looking very closely at the Prius. It reportedly "feels" a lot
like a Camry, which, while generic, is a perfectly good car; and
it gets stupendous mileage. The price is not what I would consider
outrageous, either.)
--
In-Real-Life: Chris Torek, Wind River Systems
Salt Lake City, UT, USA (40°39.22'N, 111°50.29'W) +1 801 277 2603
email: forget about it http://web.torek.net/torek/index.html
Reading email is like searching for food in the garbage, thanks to spammers. |
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| daestrom |
Posted: Sat Dec 13, 2003 11:00 am |
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Guest
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"Peter_purple" <purple@203.0.178.192> wrote in message
news:3FDB217D.70E7186B@203.0.178.192...
Quote: It makes far more sense to somehow recover the 75% of heat
and do useful work with that,
Anyone come up with a stirling engine to use (eg) the exhaust
heat and couple this into the crankshaft or through some differential
into the drive shaft (rear wheel assumed),
An electric-hybrid might make this even easier since the stirling could
drive another generator used with the main unit to charge the battery/supply
wheel motors.
Since the catalytic converter is used to 'burn' unburned exhaust for
pollution control, it gets very hot. Might this be an ideal source for a
second heat engine (suitably insulate the converter to maximize the heat
recovered)? I don't know if hybrids *have* converters, but if they do this
might be worth looking into. Does anyone know approximately how much energy
is currently being wasted through the catalytic converter by heat losses?
Could enough be recovered to justify the capital costs of the
stirling-generator?
daestrom |
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| Axel Berger |
Posted: Sat Dec 13, 2003 2:49 pm |
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*daestrom* wrote on Sat, 03-12-13 17:00:
Quote: Does anyone know approximately how much energy is currently being wasted
through the catalytic converter by heat losses?
I half remember that CH can be around 1 to 3 % of petrol consumed and
chemical losses total about 5 %. This was measured on actual mass
produced engines before converters became the norm. I could try and
find the numbers again, they must be in some box somewhere. (I've only
just moved in here, about six years.)
You could assume that nearly all of that was used in the converter.
Don't forget you want that not to overheat and not get too cold. |
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| Pete Lynn |
Posted: Sat Dec 13, 2003 5:10 pm |
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"daestrom" <daestrom@NO_SPAM_HEREtwcny.rr.com> wrote in message
news:mIGCb.9352JW3.4880@twister.nyroc.rr.com...
Quote: An electric-hybrid might make this even easier since the stirling
could drive another generator used with the main unit to charge
the battery/supply wheel motors.
One of the traditional applications favoured is to replace the
alternator with such an exhaust powered SCE. There are many other
accessories that are currently driven directly from the engine, (AC,
power steering, etc.), that could also be electrically powered, and
there are some significant benefits in doing this, (sort of a
hybrid-hybrid solution). Though obviously an electric-hybrid makes this
easy.
Quote: Since the catalytic converter is used to 'burn' unburned exhaust
for pollution control, it gets very hot. Might this be an ideal
source for a second heat engine (suitably insulate the converter
to maximize the heat recovered)? I don't know if hybrids
*have* converters, but if they do this might be worth looking
into. Does anyone know approximately how much energy
is currently being wasted through the catalytic converter by heat
losses?
I have not checked up on this but if memory serves catalytic converters
like being hot, in order to function. Obviously the exhaust will only
heat up in proportion to what fuel is unburnt by the engine, without
being bothered to work it out, this is a very small percentage, (so the
exhaust will not get that much hotter). Such a bottoming cycle should
be placed after the catalytic converter.
Quote: Could enough be recovered to justify the capital costs of the
stirling-generator?
Almost, if I had a spare million, I would probably have a go at it,
trucks are probably the first niche, as the economics are much better.
A Stirling cycle engine likes to get all its heat at the maximum
temperature, a steam turbine approach is probably more applicable to
heating in a more effective counter flow fashion. This also raises the
possibility of extracting even more heat via taping into the engine
cooling system.
If one assumes for the sake of argument that a third of the available
heat leaves the engine as radiator engine cooling, exhaust, and power
respectively. Then one can quickly see where the available waste heat
lies. The more efficient the total system becomes, the smaller the
radiator, (now including condenser/cold end heat exchanger), becomes.
Stirling and steam engine efficiency is very sensitive to cold end
temperature, (as you know), resulting in uneconomically large and heavy
cold end heat exchangers. I suspect such a combined cycle system is
economically possible using a radiator which is not much larger than
current vehicles, if one avoids this temptation.
Pete. |
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| Axel Berger |
Posted: Sun Dec 14, 2003 7:58 am |
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Guest
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*Peter_purple* wrote on Sun, 03-12-14 14:30:
Quote: and reduction of NO2 into N2 + O2 was also endothermic
I am not too sure of the facts to contradict you, but I do know that at
high temperatures the equilibrium is towards NOx and at low
temperatures towards N2 and O2 (but the reaction rate frozen, that the
need for catalysis), which normally suggests an exothermic split of NOx
into the constituents. |
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| Peter_purple |
Posted: Sun Dec 14, 2003 8:30 am |
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no.
Last time I looked, the reduction of SO2 into S + O2 was endothermic
and reduction of NO2 into N2 + O2 was also endothermic, the heat
of the cat is mostly from the exhaust gas heat, some o that is
used to reduce SO2 and NO2 the cat does produce a little heat from
burning leftover HC but not nearly as much as it needs, so I wouldnt
want to cool the cat to take that heat away to produce power, leave
the cat alone to do its job and get the heat from down the line,
rgds
peter purple proclaims
daestrom wrote:
Quote: "Peter_purple" <purple@203.0.178.192> wrote in message
news:3FDB217D.70E7186B@203.0.178.192...
It makes far more sense to somehow recover the 75% of heat
and do useful work with that,
Anyone come up with a stirling engine to use (eg) the exhaust
heat and couple this into the crankshaft or through some differential
into the drive shaft (rear wheel assumed),
An electric-hybrid might make this even easier since the stirling could
drive another generator used with the main unit to charge the battery/supply
wheel motors.
Since the catalytic converter is used to 'burn' unburned exhaust for
pollution control, it gets very hot. Might this be an ideal source for a
second heat engine (suitably insulate the converter to maximize the heat
recovered)? I don't know if hybrids *have* converters, but if they do this
might be worth looking into. Does anyone know approximately how much energy
is currently being wasted through the catalytic converter by heat losses?
Could enough be recovered to justify the capital costs of the
stirling-generator?
daestrom |
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| daestrom |
Posted: Sun Dec 14, 2003 3:32 pm |
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Guest
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"Peter_purple" <purple@203.0.178.192> wrote in message
news:3FDC65F8.A6578DEC@203.0.178.192...
Quote: no.
Last time I looked, the reduction of SO2 into S + O2 was endothermic
and reduction of NO2 into N2 + O2 was also endothermic, the heat
of the cat is mostly from the exhaust gas heat, some o that is
used to reduce SO2 and NO2 the cat does produce a little heat from
burning leftover HC but not nearly as much as it needs, so I wouldnt
want to cool the cat to take that heat away to produce power, leave
the cat alone to do its job and get the heat from down the line,
Researching the design of catalytic converters, they have two catalysts. An
oxidation catalyst (platinum and palladium) used to oxidize the unburned
hydrocarbons and CO from the exhaust. And a reduction catalyst (palladium
and rhodium) used to break down NOx).
Obviously, while the reduction reaction is endothermic as you say, the
oxidation reaction is exothermic. I haven't found any precise numbers, but I
suspect the oxidation of unburned hydrocarbons and CO outweighs the
reduction reaction (considering there are other controls on most automobiles
to help reduce NOx, such as EGR). One mode of failure for catalytic
converters seems to be fouled spark plugs letting too much unburned fuel
through one or more cylinders. This unburned fuel overheats the converter,
damaging it.
But I was wondering just how much energy is available at that point Axel
Berger's post would indicate the fraction is pretty small. And after
running said energy through a heat-engine, it probably isn't worth the
capital expense involved.
daestrom |
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