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Vince Morgan
Posted: Sun Nov 25, 2007 1:46 am
Guest
Hi,
First I should mention that my knowlege of electomagnetics is
somewhat limited. In fact I think it could all be written onto the back of
a postage stamp with a lipstick. A hobbyist at best.
A few weeks ago I read some interesting stuff regarding recent experiments
with pulsed multiple [up to 3] series spark gaps(I conside the number
irrelevent). The working voltage was around 400v. The experiments were
not carried out stringently but carefully enough to offer [some] confidence
in the results. The experimenter concluded that an apparent current gain
via the spark gap was evidence of negative resistance.
Personaly I was not realy surprised to read that there was an apparent
current gain, and I would like to explaine why.
By spark gap, I mean two electrodes sepperated by air.
If a potential is applied to both electrodes an E field forms in this gap.
There is at first streamer formation from the anode, followed shortly
thereafter by avalanche. From what I've read the avalanche may be initiated
by only 1 electron supplied via the cathode or via photoelectric effects
within the air itself. In a few nonoseconds there are millions of free
electrons involved.
My thoughts regarding current gain have been along these lines. If the
potential is applied, and in about 50 nanos, or less after spark formation
the gap is quenched very rapidly then it may be possible to capture these
free electrons, entraining them into the circuit.
I know that many/most of the electrons produced via uv and collisions in
this avalanche will be recaptured via electro negative gas molecules, but
some will certainly make it to the anode.
The way I am seeing it, maintaining a potential requires very little/no
work. If the cathode only looses one electron then it is the anode's
potential, or part thereof, that needs to be re-established. If that is
true then one would expect a current gain via a pulsed spark gap of
extremely short spark duration, without regard for other losses.
There are other areas in spark gaps that interest me also, such as the
radiation released on recombination at the anode etc, not xrays. But that
is another topic I think.
My question, is it possible/feasible to capture electrons and entrain them
into a circuit via the above means?
Thank you for your patience and consideration,
Vince Morgan
Benj
Posted: Sun Nov 25, 2007 1:46 am
Guest
On Nov 25, 12:46 am, "Vince Morgan" <vinharAtHereoptusnet.com.au>
wrote:

Quote:
My question, is it possible/feasible to capture electrons and entrain them
into a circuit via the above means?
Thank you for your patience and consideration,

You seem to misunderstand what is going on. In answer to your
question, if you ask is it possible to build a plasma probe to measure
a discharge, the answer is obviously, yes you can. If you are asking
can a "free energy" machine be built using the negative resistance of
a plasma discharge characteristic, the answer is no it can't.
Remember that say the cathode supplies just one electron to start the
avalance, but also must supply all the REST of the electrons that form
the heavy current as the avalanche is underway. Basically the system
is a switch. So can a switch supply current to a circuit? Yes it can.
But does a switch supply energy like a battery? No it doesn't.
Vince Morgan
Posted: Sun Nov 25, 2007 1:54 am
Guest
"Benj" <bjacoby@iwaynet.net> wrote in message
news:ebf9cf62-9aec-4876-b236-5197dd09541f@j44g2000hsj.googlegroups.com...
Quote:
On Nov 25, 12:46 am, "Vince Morgan" <vinharAtHereoptusnet.com.au
wrote:

My question, is it possible/feasible to capture electrons and entrain
them
into a circuit via the above means?
Thank you for your patience and consideration,

You seem to misunderstand what is going on. In answer to your
question, if you ask is it possible to build a plasma probe to measure
a discharge, the answer is obviously, yes you can. If you are asking
can a "free energy" machine be built using the negative resistance of
a plasma discharge characteristic, the answer is no it can't.
Remember that say the cathode supplies just one electron to start the
avalance, but also must supply all the REST of the electrons that form
the heavy current as the avalanche is underway. Basically the system
is a switch. So can a switch supply current to a circuit? Yes it can.
But does a switch supply energy like a battery? No it doesn't.



With all due respect Benj, the initial avalanche is formed within the gas

via collision and uv photoelectric effects, with only the initial electron
being supplied via the cathode, and sometimes that via photoelectric effect
also. If the gap is quenched [before] the flow begins, or very very soon
thereafter, what then?
Are you familiar with the work of Loeb and Meek?
Leonard B Loeb, Professor of Physics ,University of California at Berkeley;
and John M Meek, Research Engineer; Publisher: Stanford University, Calif.,
Stanford University Press, 1941.
Regards,
Vince Morgan
Vince Morgan
Posted: Sun Nov 25, 2007 1:54 am
Guest
"Benj" <bjacoby@iwaynet.net> wrote in message
news:ebf9cf62-9aec-4876-b236-5197dd09541f@j44g2000hsj.googlegroups.com...
Quote:
On Nov 25, 12:46 am, "Vince Morgan" <vinharAtHereoptusnet.com.au
wrote:

My question, is it possible/feasible to capture electrons and entrain
them
into a circuit via the above means?
Thank you for your patience and consideration,

You seem to misunderstand what is going on. In answer to your
question, if you ask is it possible to build a plasma probe to measure
a discharge, the answer is obviously, yes you can. If you are asking
can a "free energy" machine be built using the negative resistance of
a plasma discharge characteristic, the answer is no it can't.
Remember that say the cathode supplies just one electron to start the
avalance, but also must supply all the REST of the electrons that form
the heavy current as the avalanche is underway. Basically the system
is a switch. So can a switch supply current to a circuit? Yes it can.
But does a switch supply energy like a battery? No it doesn't.



I should have mentioned that the plasma arc is to be extinguished either

immediately after it's formation, or better still, just prior to it's
establishment.
Regards,
Vince
Vince Morgan
Posted: Sun Nov 25, 2007 3:13 am
Guest
"Vince Morgan" <vinharAtHereoptusnet.com.au> wrote in message
news:474916c2$0$31828$afc38c87@news.optusnet.com.au...
Quote:

"Benj" <bjacoby@iwaynet.net> wrote in message
news:ebf9cf62-9aec-4876-b236-5197dd09541f@j44g2000hsj.googlegroups.com...
On Nov 25, 12:46 am, "Vince Morgan" <vinharAtHereoptusnet.com.au
wrote:

My question, is it possible/feasible to capture electrons and entrain
them
into a circuit via the above means?
Thank you for your patience and consideration,

You seem to misunderstand what is going on. In answer to your
question, if you ask is it possible to build a plasma probe to measure
a discharge, the answer is obviously, yes you can. If you are asking
can a "free energy" machine be built using the negative resistance of
a plasma discharge characteristic, the answer is no it can't.
Remember that say the cathode supplies just one electron to start the
avalance, but also must supply all the REST of the electrons that form
the heavy current as the avalanche is underway. Basically the system
is a switch. So can a switch supply current to a circuit? Yes it can.
But does a switch supply energy like a battery? No it doesn't.



With all due respect Benj, the initial avalanche is formed within the gas
via collision and uv photoelectric effects, with only the initial electron
being supplied via the cathode, and sometimes that via photoelectric
effect
also. If the gap is quenched [before] the flow begins, or very very soon
thereafter, what then?
Are you familiar with the work of Loeb and Meek?
Leonard B Loeb, Professor of Physics ,University of California at
Berkeley;
and John M Meek, Research Engineer; Publisher: Stanford University,
Calif.,
Stanford University Press, 1941.
Regards,
Vince Morgan


Ooops, sorry. Forgot the name of the document.


The mechanism of the electric spark
by: Leonard B Loeb, Professor of Physics ,University of California at
Berkeley; and John M Meek, Research Engineer; Publisher: Stanford
University, Calif., Stanford University Press, 1941.
Szczepan Białek
Posted: Sun Nov 25, 2007 10:45 am
Guest
"Vince Morgan" <
Quote:
Are you familiar with the work of Loeb and Meek?
Leonard B Loeb, Professor of Physics ,University of California at
Berkeley;
and John M Meek, Research Engineer; Publisher: Stanford University,
Calif.,
Stanford University Press, 1941.

And are you familiar with the:
http://math.nist.gov/mcsd/savg/parallel/dielectric/index.html and similar
work?
All sparks are an oscillating phenomenon.
S*
Quote:
Regards,
Vince Morgan

Bert Hickman
Posted: Sun Nov 25, 2007 2:19 pm
Guest
Vince Morgan wrote:
Quote:
Hi,
First I should mention that my knowlege of electomagnetics is
somewhat limited. In fact I think it could all be written onto the back of
a postage stamp with a lipstick. A hobbyist at best.
A few weeks ago I read some interesting stuff regarding recent experiments
with pulsed multiple [up to 3] series spark gaps(I conside the number
irrelevent). The working voltage was around 400v. The experiments were
not carried out stringently but carefully enough to offer [some] confidence
in the results. The experimenter concluded that an apparent current gain
via the spark gap was evidence of negative resistance.
Personaly I was not realy surprised to read that there was an apparent
current gain, and I would like to explaine why.
By spark gap, I mean two electrodes sepperated by air.
If a potential is applied to both electrodes an E field forms in this gap.
There is at first streamer formation from the anode, followed shortly
thereafter by avalanche. From what I've read the avalanche may be initiated
by only 1 electron supplied via the cathode or via photoelectric effects
within the air itself. In a few nonoseconds there are millions of free
electrons involved.
My thoughts regarding current gain have been along these lines. If the
potential is applied, and in about 50 nanos, or less after spark formation
the gap is quenched very rapidly then it may be possible to capture these
free electrons, entraining them into the circuit.
I know that many/most of the electrons produced via uv and collisions in
this avalanche will be recaptured via electro negative gas molecules, but
some will certainly make it to the anode.
The way I am seeing it, maintaining a potential requires very little/no
work. If the cathode only looses one electron then it is the anode's
potential, or part thereof, that needs to be re-established. If that is
true then one would expect a current gain via a pulsed spark gap of
extremely short spark duration, without regard for other losses.
There are other areas in spark gaps that interest me also, such as the
radiation released on recombination at the anode etc, not xrays. But that
is another topic I think.
My question, is it possible/feasible to capture electrons and entrain them
into a circuit via the above means?
Thank you for your patience and consideration,
Vince Morgan



Hi Vince,

There has been considerable progress in understanding spark breakdown
since Loeb did his original research. In particular, more recent books
by Raizer and Bazelian ("Spark Discharge" and "Gas Discharge Physics")
are recommended.

As the avalanche process progresses (but prior to actual breakdown),
displacement current is being drawn from the external HV circuit. As the
avalanche grows, the distribution of charge ("space charge") rapidly
changes within the gap - freed electrons are accelerated away from their
parent positive ions and towards the anode. If a constant potential is
applied to the electrodes, the resulting change in charge distribution
is reflected as displacement currents into/out of the electrodes.

Electrical breakdown is a very energy intensive process. The
displacement currents associated with avalanche and streamer growth are
typically amperes to tens of amperes. If you were to suddenly remove, or
reverse, the applied potential (in order to "extract" some of the the
potential energy in the gap before actual breakdown occurred) you can
indeed "recapture" a fraction of the energy that was originally expended
in partially ionizing the gap. Some of Gallimberti's work demonstrates
this effect with polarity reversals and streamer corona discharges.
However, since you can only recapture a fraction of the energy, there is
no free lunch...

Bert
--
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magnetic fields, Lichtenberg Figures (our "Captured
Lightning") and out of print technical Books. Visit
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***************************************************
Don Kelly
Posted: Sun Nov 25, 2007 4:11 pm
Guest
----------------------------
"Vince Morgan" <vinharAtHereoptusnet.com.au> wrote in message
news:4749203c$0$25392$afc38c87@news.optusnet.com.au...
Quote:

"Vince Morgan" <vinharAtHereoptusnet.com.au> wrote in message
news:474916c2$0$31828$afc38c87@news.optusnet.com.au...

"Benj" <bjacoby@iwaynet.net> wrote in message
news:ebf9cf62-9aec-4876-b236-5197dd09541f@j44g2000hsj.googlegroups.com...
On Nov 25, 12:46 am, "Vince Morgan" <vinharAtHereoptusnet.com.au
wrote:

My question, is it possible/feasible to capture electrons and entrain
them
into a circuit via the above means?
Thank you for your patience and consideration,

You seem to misunderstand what is going on. In answer to your
question, if you ask is it possible to build a plasma probe to measure
a discharge, the answer is obviously, yes you can. If you are asking
can a "free energy" machine be built using the negative resistance of
a plasma discharge characteristic, the answer is no it can't.
Remember that say the cathode supplies just one electron to start the
avalance, but also must supply all the REST of the electrons that form
the heavy current as the avalanche is underway. Basically the system
is a switch. So can a switch supply current to a circuit? Yes it can.
But does a switch supply energy like a battery? No it doesn't.



With all due respect Benj, the initial avalanche is formed within the gas
via collision and uv photoelectric effects, with only the initial
electron
being supplied via the cathode, and sometimes that via photoelectric
effect
also. If the gap is quenched [before] the flow begins, or very very soon
thereafter, what then?
Are you familiar with the work of Loeb and Meek?
Leonard B Loeb, Professor of Physics ,University of California at
Berkeley;
and John M Meek, Research Engineer; Publisher: Stanford University,
Calif.,
Stanford University Press, 1941.
Regards,
Vince Morgan


Ooops, sorry. Forgot the name of the document.

The mechanism of the electric spark
by: Leonard B Loeb, Professor of Physics ,University of California at
Berkeley; and John M Meek, Research Engineer; Publisher: Stanford
University, Calif., Stanford University Press, 1941.

-------------------------
What it appears is that you want to initiate a Townsend's discharge and then
choke it off. Check out corona which appears to fit the bill. Corona exists
in a non-uniform field and near the cathode the field is high enough to
cause an avalanche but further out the field is weaker and the avalanche
dies out. The positive ions bumble towards the cathode and modify the field
there strengthening the field near the cathode and even bombarding the
cathode but also weakening the field further out so that the discharge from
the cathode is naturally choked off. When the space charge is dissipated,
the discharge restarts. Can you get something from this discharge? - Yes
heat, light and sound energy. Is it free? - No- for every free electron that
you capture, there is a positive ion that makes its way back to the cathode
(appearing as a current arising some time after the initial emission)and any
energy "captured" is being supplied from the electrical source.
If you had a uniform field where you could choke off the avalanche- most
charges would recombine but some of the positive charges would still drift
on in their original cathode oriented direction and you would still have a
current due to these which would be the same average value as any "current"
you could capture. No free ride.
Note also that the avalanche effect is at extremely low current levels. When
the current rises the situation changes and eventually a spark turns into
an arc. A fixed length arc has a "negative resistance" characteristic only
in the sense that the resistance decreases with an increase in current so
that the voltage drop across the arc will tend to be constant at higher
currents --and not at all in the sense that I^2R is negative so no magic
energy source there.



Don Kelly dhky@shawcross.ca
remove the X to answer

P.S. There are more recent articles and texts by Loeb and by Meek.

Quote:

Vince Morgan
Posted: Mon Nov 26, 2007 9:01 pm
Guest
Thank you all very much indeed for taking the time to answer my question.
I think I'll focus my interest in another direction now.
Most appreciated,
Regards,
Vince Morgan
Autymn D. C.
Posted: Wed Nov 28, 2007 12:46 pm
Guest
On Nov 24, 10:42 pm, "Vince Morgan" <vinharAtHereoptusnet.com.au>
wrote:
Quote:
I should have mentioned that the plasma arc is to be extinguished either
immediately after it's formation, or better still, just prior to it's
its

its
Quote:
establishment.

retard
 
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