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Science Forum Index » Materials Forum » Is it possible to make room temperature superconductors?
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| Michaelium |
Posted: Thu Oct 02, 2003 12:44 am |
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| Is there any theory about this? |
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| Uncle Al |
Posted: Thu Oct 02, 2003 7:33 am |
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Michaelium wrote:
Quote:
Is there any theory about this?
WA Little and excitonic supercons, postulated to be operative at 1000
K. Little's polarizable dye arrays were a safe theoretical proposal
because it was inconceivable that they could be synthesized. It is
now possible to trivially make oligomeric dye masters using DNA or PNA
synthesizers with dyes replacing the nucleotide bases. A redox
gradient could be trivially fashioned that would be an intrinsic diode
as well as a high temp excitonic supercon. Cost/base for synthesis is
about $(US)0.10.
WA Little, Phys. Rev. 134 A1416 (1964)
<http://www.pi1.physik.uni-stuttgart.de/Praesentationen/Daten/37/37.pdf>
http://www.jsapi.jsap.or.jp/Pdf/Number04/PastPresentFuture.pdf
<http://www.physik.tu-dresden.de/iapd/downloads/publications/wosnitza.1999.2v.pdf>
We already know how to selectively bond nucleic acid on one end to
gold for test microcircuit connection. PCR would make the stuff by
the gram once the master chain was synthesized.
--
Uncle Al
http://www.mazepath.com/uncleal/
(Toxic URL! Unsafe for children and most mammals)
"Quis custodiet ipsos custodes?" The Net! |
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| Thomas Lee Elifritz |
Posted: Mon Oct 06, 2003 12:22 am |
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October 6, 2003
Uncle Al <UncleAl0@hate.spam.net> wrote in message :
Quote: Michaelium wrote:
Is there any theory about this?
Yes, there is : http://xxx.lanl.gov/abs/cond-mat/0211456
Quote: WA Little and excitonic supercons, postulated to be operative at 1000 K.
[drivel snipped]
Excitons (e/h pairs) are not bosons.
Why do you continue to post such drivel Schwartz?
There are SERIOUS BCS/BEC density problems in your organic high Tc scheme.
Thomas Lee Elifritz
http://elifritz.members.atlantic.net/acs.htm |
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| Uncle Al |
Posted: Mon Oct 06, 2003 8:57 am |
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Thomas Lee Elifritz wrote:
Quote:
October 6, 2003
Uncle Al <UncleAl0@hate.spam.net> wrote in message :
Michaelium wrote:
Is there any theory about this?
Yes, there is : http://xxx.lanl.gov/abs/cond-mat/0211456
WA Little and excitonic supercons, postulated to be operative at 1000 K.
[drivel snipped]
Excitons (e/h pairs) are not bosons.
Why do you continue to post such drivel Schwartz?
There are SERIOUS BCS/BEC density problems in your organic high Tc scheme.
If you bother to read Little you will see that excitonic supercons are
postulated to operate via the usual BCS condensation of opposite
momentum electron pairs. Low temp BCS supercons use quantized lattice
vibrations (phonons) to effect condensation. Little supercons use
quantized electronic excitations (excitons) to effect condensation.
Your spew was blown out your ass.
Transition temp varies inversely as coupling mass. Shaking a lattice
is a massive undertaking and so such mediated Cooper pairing only
occurs hard by absolute zero. Shaking an electron cloud is not a
massive undertaking, and so scales in kind to a Tc~1000K (actually
quite higher by the raw numbers, but Little hedged his bets).
There are no physics problems at all, ignorant git. The problem was
that there existed no way to synthesize flawless high polymeric
ordered linear dye arrays to test the theory. By substitituting dyes
for nucleotide bases in nucleic acids (DNA) or peptide nucleic acids
(PBNA), one can use solid state synthesis to build such high polymer
arrays at a cost of about $0.20/base. Given low oligomer template
primers, one concatenates to flawless high polymer using SOP genetic
engineering methodology. One then uses the polymerase chain reaction
(PCR) to rapidly and falwlessly duplcate the high polymer chains in
whatever bulk synthesis is needed. Both DNA and PNA syntheses are
trivially commerciallized. The machine doesn't care what is in the
reagent reservoirs. You separate finished product in the obvious way
- Meissner effect. It floats up at you then you skim it off.
Using solid state synthesis has another advantage. Since each monomer
can be exactly specified and ordered in insertion sequence, there is
no reason to stop with homopolymer. It would be entirely feasible to
string 20 different sterically compatible dyes with monotonically
increasing or decreasing redox potentials to create an intrinsically
one-way superconductor (diode). Insertion of a branching link to
create a Y-shaped polymer leads to a legitimate single molecule
transistor.
--
Uncle Al
http://www.mazepath.com/uncleal/
(Toxic URL! Unsafe for children and most mammals)
"Quis custodiet ipsos custodes?" The Net! |
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| Thomas Lee Elifritz |
Posted: Mon Oct 06, 2003 5:37 pm |
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October 5, 2003
Uncle Al <UncleAl0@hate.spam.net> wrote in message :
Quote: Excitons (e/h pairs) are not bosons.
Why do you continue to post such drivel Schwartz?
There are SERIOUS BCS/BEC density problems in your organic high Tc scheme.
If you bother to read Little you will see that excitonic supercons are
postulated to operate via the usual BCS condensation of opposite
momentum electron pairs. Low temp BCS supercons use quantized lattice
vibrations (phonons) to effect condensation. Little supercons use
quantized electronic excitations (excitons) to effect condensation.
Once upon a time, a long time ago in a universe far far away, I did
read Little's paper, it was seminal at the time, now it is woefully
obsolete.
However, the statement remains, unless you are willing to suggest that
fermions mediate pairing between fermions, excitons are not bosons.
Quote: Transition temp varies inversely as coupling mass. Shaking a lattice
is a massive undertaking and so such mediated Cooper pairing only
occurs hard by absolute zero. Shaking an electron cloud is not a
massive undertaking, and so scales in kind to a Tc~1000K (actually
quite higher by the raw numbers, but Little hedged his bets).
Of course, of excitons, bi-excitons, crystal field excitiations or
optical excitations are involved (i.e. molecular excimers) then the
corresponding paring energy scale may be much higher. However, unless
you are prepared to offer us something outstanding or novel, it still
takes bosons to mediate pairing of fermions (spin theories
notwithstanding).
Current thinking is that these high energy excitations are
renormalized downward into the MIR, or lower, by density, and serve to
push the material near quantum phase transition, where low energy
bosonic excitations can still provide the pairing 'glue' with an
associated increase in gap ratio. These are the boson-fermion theories
and the BCS-BOSE crossover, in its myriad of forms, i.e. - electronic
BEC.
Quote: There are no physics problems at all, ignorant git.
It surely is. Unless you have density, pairing and mobility, Tc in any
organic system will invariably be low. It's still a tradeoff between
localization (strong coupling) and mobility (high density). Organics
simply have too much 'flesh' and not enough charge carriers.
Any Nobel prize predictions for tomorrow?
Thomas Lee Elifritz
http://elifritz.members.atlantic.net |
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| Richard Saam |
Posted: Tue Oct 07, 2003 9:41 am |
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Thomas Lee Elifritz wrote:
Quote:
Any Nobel prize predictions for tomorrow?
Define a lattice transporting charge carriers (with spin considerations)
such that conservation of energy and momentum is maintained and build to
Tc = 1000 spec.
Richard Saam |
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| Thomas Lee Elifritz |
Posted: Tue Oct 07, 2003 9:33 pm |
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October 7, 2003
Richard Saam <rdsaam@att.net> wrote in message news:<E8Bgb.167706$0v4.12713063@bgtnsc04-news.ops.worldnet.att.net>...
Quote: Thomas Lee Elifritz wrote:
Any Nobel prize predictions for tomorrow?
I correctly guessed Tony Leggett but for the wrong reasons. I always
though that his most creative work was his discovery of the 'Leggett
Crossover Criterion' : Leggett, A. J. In: "Modern Trends in the Theory
of Condensed Matter", Eds. A. Pekalski and J.Przystawa (Springer
Verlag, Berlin). 1980, p.13.; J. Phys. Colloq. (Paris) 1980, C41,
7-19., but it turns out that this is but a footnote in the overall
development of modern superconductivity theory.
My arch nemesis Abrikosov finally got his nobel, but his theories of
high Tc are a bit 'out there'. It was his textbook "Fundamentals of
the Theory of Metals" that got me interested, and he outlines an
interesting idea of 'excitonic metals' and has the correct reference
to Alexandrov, A. and Ranninger, J., 1981a, "Bipolarons and Bipolaron
Bands", Physical Review B, Vol. 23, pp. 1796-1801. It was Sir Nevill
Mott who directed me towards the metal insulator transition and this
work.
It's interesting, MRI requires cryogenic high field superconductors
such as niobium titanium and niobium tin, and this in turn requires
liquid helium coolant, which requires cryogenic refrigeration. The
discovery of bosonic superfliudity in 4HE and fermionic superfluidity
in 3HE makes possible the modern dilution refrigerator. That is the
connection between the medicine and physics prizes this year. Will
that extend to chemistry? Who discovered these high field alloys in
the late 50s early 60s? It was Sir Martin Wood who developed and
commercialized these alloys at Oxford instruments.
http://www.brookes.ac.uk/schools/bms/medical/synopses/wood.html
However, clearly it was Bernd Matthias and Ted Geballe who deserve the
credit, (Gene Kunzler who built the first magnet).
So, there it is. 11:27 P.M. 10/7/03
http://phyweb.lbl.gov/~rncahn/www/june02/
May%201999/10Cold_condensed.doc
Quote: Define a lattice transporting charge carriers (with spin considerations)
such that conservation of energy and momentum is maintained and build to
Tc = 1000 spec.
First of all, the record Tc is ~135 K. The best you can hope for in
the near term is to beat that, or to double it to 273 K the triple
point of water. My best prediction based on the most modern theory of
superconductivity is well know and readily available, although the
theory is still evolving.
However if cost is the issue, sodium is your metal. Just expand it.
Thomas Lee Elifritz
http://elifritz.members.atlantic.net/acs.htm |
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| Richard Saam |
Posted: Wed Oct 08, 2003 7:32 am |
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Thomas Lee Elifritz wrote:
Quote:
However if cost is the issue, sodium is your metal. Just expand it.
Isn't that what Ogg did in 1946 with his solutions of sodium in ammonia?
R.A. Ogg, Jr., Phys. Rev. 69, 243 (1946)
He thought for sure he had it but met with his demise when his fixation
was countered by reality.
If you do the math for extended lattice (energy and momentum conserved
or total elasticity),
kTc = hbar^2 K^2 / 2 mt
where K = pi / B
With spin considerations mt = 110 x electron mass (which does not
conform to a known particle)
Totally elastic Planar Lattice dimension B = 1.82 Angstrom at Tc = 1190 K
The problem is that any practical material composed of atoms does not
have planar surfaces at 1.82 Angstrom. Atomic / molecular orbitals Fermi
surfaces usually have curvature.
Possibly through some type of fortuitous circumstance, such could be the
case although the probability of such circumstances become less with
higher Tc and smaller B.
Richard Saam |
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| Thomas Lee Elifritz |
Posted: Wed Oct 08, 2003 12:44 pm |
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October 8, 2003
Richard Saam <rdsaam@att.net> wrote in message :
Quote: Thomas Lee Elifritz wrote:
However if cost is the issue, sodium is your metal. Just expand it.
Isn't that what Ogg did in 1946 with his solutions of sodium in ammonia?
R.A. Ogg, Jr., Phys. Rev. 69, 243 (1946)
He thought for sure he had it but met with his demise when his fixation
was countered by reality.
Sure, the reality of 1946 science and technology. Exactly how much
effort was invested in refuting Ogg's hypothesis, and precisely how
much work has since been performed on metal ammonia solid state
solutions since then? How far has science and technology progressed
since then?
Quote:
If you do the math for extended lattice (energy and momentum conserved
or total elasticity),
kTc = hbar^2 K^2 / 2 mt
where K = pi / B
With spin considerations mt = 110 x electron mass (which does not
conform to a known particle)
Your formalism and terminology is unfamiliar. Regardless renormalized
electron effective masses m* of many hundreds of m<sub>e are well
known.
Quote:
Totally elastic Planar Lattice dimension B = 1.82 Angstrom at Tc = 1190 K
The problem is that any practical material composed of atoms does not
have planar surfaces at 1.82 Angstrom. Atomic / molecular orbitals Fermi
surfaces usually have curvature.
I have no idea what you are talking about. Many materials have half
lattice spacings in that range.
The problem is quantum phase separations near a quantum critical
point. Obviously some sort of excitation is required to prevent that
from happening.
Quote:
Possibly through some type of fortuitous circumstance, such could be the
case although the probability of such circumstances become less with
higher Tc and smaller B.
You completely lost me. Cuprates are fortuitous circumstances. Beyond
that, I agree with Uncle Al, intelligent design is necessary. That
requires a theory and spectroscopic evidence, which we now have.
You need to do a lot more homework, if you want to get into the race.
http://elifritz.members.atlantic.net/acs.htm
Thomas Lee Elifritz
http://elifritz.members.atlantic.net/science.htm |
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| Uncle Al |
Posted: Wed Oct 08, 2003 2:03 pm |
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Thomas Lee Elifritz wrote:
Quote:
October 8, 2003
Richard Saam <rdsaam@att.net> wrote in message :
Thomas Lee Elifritz wrote:
However if cost is the issue, sodium is your metal. Just expand it.
Isn't that what Ogg did in 1946 with his solutions of sodium in ammonia?
R.A. Ogg, Jr., Phys. Rev. 69, 243 (1946)
He thought for sure he had it but met with his demise when his fixation
was countered by reality.
Sure, the reality of 1946 science and technology. Exactly how much
effort was invested in refuting Ogg's hypothesis, and precisely how
much work has since been performed on metal ammonia solid state
solutions since then? How far has science and technology progressed
since then?
If you do the math for extended lattice (energy and momentum conserved
or total elasticity),
kTc = hbar^2 K^2 / 2 mt
where K = pi / B
With spin considerations mt = 110 x electron mass (which does not
conform to a known particle)
Your formalism and terminology is unfamiliar. Regardless renormalized
electron effective masses m* of many hundreds of m<sub>e are well
known.
Totally elastic Planar Lattice dimension B = 1.82 Angstrom at Tc = 1190 K
The problem is that any practical material composed of atoms does not
have planar surfaces at 1.82 Angstrom. Atomic / molecular orbitals Fermi
surfaces usually have curvature.
I have no idea what you are talking about. Many materials have half
lattice spacings in that range.
The problem is quantum phase separations near a quantum critical
point. Obviously some sort of excitation is required to prevent that
from happening.
Possibly through some type of fortuitous circumstance, such could be the
case although the probability of such circumstances become less with
higher Tc and smaller B.
You completely lost me. Cuprates are fortuitous circumstances. Beyond
that, I agree with Uncle Al, intelligent design is necessary. That
requires a theory and spectroscopic evidence, which we now have.
You need to do a lot more homework, if you want to get into the race.
http://elifritz.members.atlantic.net/acs.htm
Let's not be too harsh here. Anybody who solves the problem has the
correct answer whether it is Officially possible or not. One posits
that the solution, if there is one, will look damned strange compared
with common wisdom. Don't discard all wild schemes. Only discard
proposals that are flat out silly - that blantantly contradict
existing observation or strong conservation laws. Anything authored
by Archie-Poo or Jack Sarfatti directly goes into a lined garbage can,
etc.
Air-stable electrides in small pore zeolites have been accomplished.
Certainly we can fill a rigid inorganic lattice fat with conduction
electrons to full metallic conductivity. The thing was still a
classical conductor, but they didn't cool it or compress it to see how
conductivity changed.
http://focus.aps.org/story/v10/st4
http://www.phy.cmich.edu/people/petkov/last.pdf
paper
--
Uncle Al
http://www.mazepath.com/uncleal/
(Toxic URL! Unsafe for children and most mammals)
"Quis custodiet ipsos custodes?" The Net! |
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| Thomas Lee Elifritz |
Posted: Wed Oct 08, 2003 10:20 pm |
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Uncle Al <UncleAl0@hate.spam.net> wrote in message :
Quote: Thomas Lee Elifritz wrote:
Let's not be too harsh here. Anybody who solves the problem has the
correct answer whether it is Officially possible or not. One posits
that the solution, if there is one, will look damned strange compared
with common wisdom. Don't discard all wild schemes. Only discard
proposals that are flat out silly - that blantantly contradict
existing observation or strong conservation laws. Anything authored
by Archie-Poo or Jack Sarfatti directly goes into a lined garbage can,
etc.
That's a given, others think it impossible.
http://theorie.physik.uni-wuerzburg.de/~symp2003/Mon-Talk/Zhang.ppt
Quote: Air-stable electrides in small pore zeolites have been accomplished.
Certainly we can fill a rigid inorganic lattice fat with conduction
electrons to full metallic conductivity. The thing was still a
classical conductor, but they didn't cool it or compress it to see how
conductivity changed.
I just ran across that result a few weeks ago, and ding, I thought of
Uncle Al, but then, I thought, Uncle Al is an organic chemist, he
wouldn't care about it.
Obviously ordered arrays would be better.
With bismuth iodide, the idea is to excite with a near uV laser to
create a molecular excimer, to the 0+(III) and 0+(IV) states, and then
cool. It should be possible to frustrate the phase separation without
any rigid zeolite like lattice. It's a 2 step laser process a la Zare.
The phase coherence is thermally stable because you have these two
singlet states separated by a FIR photon and pairing is still mediated
by high energy phonons.
With alkali metal ammonia solutions, the solution is less obvious, but
one can measure the point at which the dielectric catastrope occurs,
and try to quench in that range. One can oxygenate the system into a
gel, or intercalate into carbon lattices. The fact that metal ammonia
intercalated fullerides superconduct is a fairly big hint.
Hey, whatever happened to that Schon guy?
So, when all else fails, just lie?
Thomas Lee Elifritz
http://elifritz.members.atlantic.net |
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| Richard Saam |
Posted: Thu Oct 09, 2003 1:32 pm |
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Thomas Lee Elifritz wrote:
Quote: Uncle Al <UncleAl0@hate.spam.net> wrote in message :
Air-stable electrides in small pore zeolites have been accomplished.
Certainly we can fill a rigid inorganic lattice fat with conduction
electrons to full metallic conductivity. The thing was still a
classical conductor, but they didn't cool it or compress it to see how
conductivity changed.
I just ran across that result a few weeks ago, and ding, I thought of
Uncle Al, but then, I thought, Uncle Al is an organic chemist, he
wouldn't care about it.
Artificial barriers imposed by others and easily crossed by enlightened
individuals.
Robert A Welch Foundation Conference on Chemical Research XXXII Valency,
Houston Texas Oct 31 - Nov 2, 1988
The main players were:
Philip W. Anderson (Physicist), Princeton
William Goddard III (Chemist), Cal Tech
James Dye (Chemist), Michigan State
The subject of superconductivity predominated the conference considering
recent developments in the field. Beyond the published presentations,
there was an acrimonious discharge leveled from Anderson to Goddard
degrading Goddards theory of superconductivity which was demonstrated to
all by a series of coordinated hand movements. I only mention this in
the context that when Dye made his presentation on electrides, Anderson
asked "Why isn't that a superconductor" a comment that seemed to be
quite speculative considering the discipline of his physicist's mind.
Dye was non committal and did not enter into the speculative fray.
At that time, electrides were very tenuous entities consisting of cation
complexants crown ethers, cryptand and hexamethyl hexacylen.
The structure in
http://www.phy.cmich.edu/people/petkov/last.pdf
FIG. 4 (color). Fragment of the atomic structure of CsxSi32O64
with Cs ions (red circles) in the nanopores assembled in zigzag
chains. Oxygen atoms are in blue and silicon is in black.
is certainly an advance in the state of affairs and as Uncle Al indicates, the electride question again arises, "Why isn't that a superconductor".
I am particularly interested in terms of geometrical similarity to Figure 2.3.2 in my report
http://xxx.lanl.gov/abs/physics/9905007
which defines an idealized lattice with dimensions conforming to conservation of energy and momentum (elasticity) which would appear to be a prerequisite for superconductivity.
Richard Saam |
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| Thomas Lee Elifritz |
Posted: Thu Oct 09, 2003 6:16 pm |
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Thomas Lee Elifritz wrote:
Quote: October 5, 2003
Uncle Al <UncleAl0@hate.spam.net> wrote in message :
Excitons (e/h pairs) are not bosons.
Ok, maybe I'm getting too much sun and staying up too late at night. When I am
wrong, I am spectacularly wrong. Excitons are bosons. I think I meant to say,
excitons are not charged.
As such, they may be mediators of superconductivity, but they cannot represent
charge carriers in superconducting systems. Electron hole asymmetry is required.
I've been out of the game too long. That's what happens when you start cleaning
toilets for a living.
Touche' Al.
Thomas Lee Elifritz
http://elifritz.members.atlantic.net |
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| Uncle Al |
Posted: Thu Oct 09, 2003 6:32 pm |
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Thomas Lee Elifritz wrote:
Quote:
Thomas Lee Elifritz wrote:
October 5, 2003
Uncle Al <UncleAl0@hate.spam.net> wrote in message :
Excitons (e/h pairs) are not bosons.
Ok, maybe I'm getting too much sun and staying up too late at night. When I am
wrong, I am spectacularly wrong. Excitons are bosons. I think I meant to say,
excitons are not charged.
As such, they may be mediators of superconductivity, but they cannot represent
charge carriers in superconducting systems. Electron hole asymmetry is required.
I've been out of the game too long. That's what happens when you start cleaning
toilets for a living.
Touche' Al.
"8^>) Good lord, an honorable man exists in Usenet! Excitons mediate
high temp Cooper pairing. Injected charge or doping serves as the
carrier. The DNA construct with dyes rather than nucleotide bases is
potentially really hot stuff. If you absolutely insist on a
conjugated backbone too, the PNAs can be wangled. Perhaps a
polyacetylene.
Little made a decent proposal and he might be correct. He's also
safely dead and so doesn't share in the Prize money. The technology
for constructing Little's molecules exists off the shelf and can be
diddled to spec at market price. It's a great interdiscplinary
advanced undergrad summer project after the complimentary building
blocks are synthesized. Somebody should look.
In the future, everybody will agree with Uncle Al.
--
Uncle Al
http://www.mazepath.com/uncleal/
(Toxic URL! Unsafe for children and most mammals)
"Quis custodiet ipsos custodes?" The Net! |
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| Mark Thorson |
Posted: Thu Oct 09, 2003 9:12 pm |
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Uncle Al wrote:
Quote: In the future, everybody will agree with Uncle Al.
Because Uncle Al will be the last survivor? |
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