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*sta:- 'to stand', PIE *steH2-.
I. Basic form *sta:-. 1a. Alb. shtog 'elderberry tree/bush, literally
long lasting tree/bush'; b. shtog i egėr 'bladdernut tree/bush'
from prefixed form *sta:-go, cf. Slavic staru 'old, long lasting'.
2. -shtė as suffix in kashtė 'shaff, haulm' < kallshtė <
*kols-steH2 (see *kel-2), ashtė 'beech grove' < ahshtė from
*ok's-steH, veneshtė/vresht 'vineyard' < woina:-steH2, breshtė
'forest of fir trees' from <bredhshtė, blini-shtė 'forest of
liden trees', rrapi-shtė 'grove of plane trees', as well as
-stH2 in: kopsht 'garden' < *keH2p-sto (see *ka:p-),etc. It is to
be noticed that this formant was first attested in different Illyrian
palce names: Terg-este, Bige-ste, Lade-ste, Baku-ste, Ore-ste,
Pale-ste, Rabe-st-on, Sege-sta etc. Here probably belongs Bucure-ste,
capital of Romania. 3. shtoj 'increase, put on, attach' from
*sta:-n-yo. 4. mbarėshtoj 'to arrange, manage, breed; to put
something forward' from prefixed form mbarė- + shtoj. 5. prapėshtoj
'to disarrange, to put something backward' from prefixed form
prapė-shtoj. 6. pėshtoj 'to heal, escape, get rid of' with
metatheric variant shpėtoj, from prefixed form pė-shtoj.
II. Zero-grade form *stH2- before consonants. 1. Alb. shtat '(human)
body, height, constitution' from *stH2-to, cf. Latin statura. 2.
shtet 'state' from *stH2-ti > PAlb. stati and due to i-Umlaut we
have final form shtet 'state'. 3. mbėshtet/pėshtet 'to hold up,
lean, back up' is prefixed form of *stH2-ti. 4. shtarė 'to salty,
posioniuos, bitter' (< 'long lasting in salt') from suffixed
zero-grade form *stH2-ro.
III. Zero-grade form *st-, *st(H2)- before vowels. 1. shtambė/shtamė
'jar' with homorganic /b/ in Standard Albanian from *st-amė (see
*ap-no > amė). 2. shtalb 'corn/wheat whose grain is still milky;
unripe' from *st-alb-o. 3. shtang 'to petrify, fascinate,
paralyze' from *st-angh-.
IV. Extended root *sta:u-, PIE *steH2w-. 1. shtojerė 'place
sheltered form the wind/storm: lee; place when we stand during the
wind/storm' with hypercorrection form shtrojerė due to strehė
'eaves; shelter, asylum' and shtrojė 'cover', as well with
dialectal form shtuherė/shtruherė from *steH2:w-/*stw- +era
'wind': Greek stoa: 'marketplace' (<'where one stands').
Lith. stavia 'stands', Goth. sto:jan 'to stand'. 2. Shtov-il,
place name in diminutive suffix -il or Shto-vil 'standing house',
where -vil could be from Latin villa 'house' (cf. also Drago-bil
with betacized form).
V. Zero-grade extended root *stu:-. 1. Alb. shtyllė 'pilar, coloumn,
pole, pile, tower' from suffixed form *stu:leH2 (*st- > sht-, *u: > y
and l > ll /V_V), cf. Greek stu:los 'id.'.
VI. Secondary full grade form *steu-. 1. Alb. e shtunė 'Saturday
(<'standing day') from suffixed zero-grade form *stu-nneH2 with
regular nasal geminnation in expressive words (cf. *a:no- > Alb. unazė
'ring, seal-ring') as substantivized adjective from ditė e
shtunė, probably an early calque of Sabbath. To be derived from Latin
Saturni dies, then cluster -rn- would have yielded Alb. -rr- as
regular outcome. For early relation of Proto-Albanian with Semitic
languages testifies Alb. javė 'week' probably from Sabbath and hir
'light' probably from hu:r, as well as hash-tėr 'destruction'
form hashama. (Pokorny sta:- 1004.) |
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