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Science Forum Index » Life Extension Forum » Aging and Hydratrion
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| Jaguar |
 Posted: Fri Jan 09, 2004 3:16 am |
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While I was grooming this evening it came to me that a key attribute of
aging is the gradual dehyration of the body. Two examples are that the
mucous membranes dry out and the skin becomes less elastic and resilient
as the cells lose their plumpness. I wonder if there is something a
person can do to restore the body's ability to utilize water and
lubricate itself. Drinking more than the recommended amount of water
isn't the answer. It'll just run out the other end. |
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| michaelprice |
| Posted: Fri Jan 09, 2004 4:56 am |
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Jaguar:
Quote: While I was grooming this evening it came to me that a key
attribute of aging is the gradual dehyration of the body. Two
examples are that the mucous membranes dry out and the skin
becomes less elastic and resilient as the cells lose their plumpness.
I wonder if there is something a person can do to restore the
body's ability to utilize water and lubricate itself. Drinking more
than the recommended amount of water
isn't the answer. It'll just run out the other end.
Sure about that? Drinking more than is "natural" is benefical:
(7) Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol 1988;57(2):220-4
Improved thermoregulation caused by forced water intake in human desert
dwellers.
Kristal-Boneh E, Glusman JG, Chaemovitz C, Cassuto Y.
Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel.
Residents of the Negev desert in Israel sustain a mild state of dehydration.
Low, concentrated urine outputs, high incidence of kidney diseases and high
hematocrit ratios characterize this population. Educational programs to
increase the awareness of the population to the dangers of dehydration have
undoubtedly failed. It was our purpose to see whether forced increased
drinking will affect the above variables. Ten healthy subjects were asked to
double their normal voluntary water intake without (phase II) and with salt
supplements (50 mM NaCl, 20 mM KCl) (phase III), for one week. After phases
II and III significant increases in body masses, decreased concentrations of
serum proteins, hemoglobin, hematocrit ratios and serum osmolalities were
found. No significant changes were found in the concentrations of sodium and
potassium in the serum. At the end of each phase, the subjects were asked to
exercise on a bicycle ergometer for 60 min at 50% VO2max in a heated chamber
at 45 degrees C, and 30%-50% relative humidity. Experiments were terminated
if and when heart-rates exceeded 180 bpm or the rectal temperature increased
to 39 degrees C. After both experimental phases, subjects increased their
tolerance to heat, extending the exercise periods by 25% and 30%. Compared
with their starting levels, hematocrit ratios, serum proteins and hemoglobin
concentrations increased in phases II and III while no changes were recorded
in the control period (phase I). It is suggested that spontaneous voluntary
water drinking in desert dwellers is not enough to achieve a true state of
"euhydration".
PMID: 3349990
Cheers,
Michael C Price
----------------------------------------
http://mcp.longevity-report.com
http://www.hedweb.com/manworld.htm |
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| Tim Tyler |
| Posted: Fri Jan 09, 2004 4:57 am |
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Jaguar <jaguar@ak.net> wrote or quoted:
Quote: While I was grooming this evening it came to me that a key attribute of
aging is the gradual dehyration of the body. Two examples are that the
mucous membranes dry out and the skin becomes less elastic and resilient
as the cells lose their plumpness. I wonder if there is something a
person can do to restore the body's ability to utilize water and
lubricate itself. Drinking more than the recommended amount of water
isn't the answer. It'll just run out the other end.
Dehydration is largely a circulatory disorder. Blocked or constricted
small blood vessesls are a major culprit. Capiliaries get clogged with
fats and garbage during the aging process. Also, drugs, persistent stress
and temperature extremes can cause "chronic" peripheral circulatory system
changes causing blood to be taken away from the periphery of the body and
devoted to survival activities.
Things that promote good circulation or unblock your circulatory system should
help - e.g. dietary interventions aimed at producing healthy lipid levels, and
mechanical interventions that help with circulation - such as c.v. exercise,
strength training, stretching, massage, and exercises that drain blood into and
out of tissues. Both diet and the various sorts of movement are very important.
If there is poor outer-peripheral circulation due to stress, temperature
extremes, etc - then measures need to be taken that target those problems.
The "skin" folks ought to know something about dehydration. Perricone - for
example - recommends (among other things) eating a lot of oily fish - which is
probably pretty good for keeping blood flowing - though his own rationale for
using it seems to revolve primarily around its role in preventing cell-level
inflammation. He also recommends a lot of creams and lotions.
Creams and lotions could - in principle - supply nutrients and therapy directly to
the peripheral circulation via the skin. My (maybe somewhat cynical) impression is
that - in practice - about the biggest effect is through supplying a layer of oil
that penetrates the upper dermis, provides some moisture of its own - and prevents
further moisture from evaporating. Moisturisers /can/ be effective in this regard.
They should not be seen as merely adressing the symptoms of the problem - and their
role /is/ significant.
Lastly, don't write off drinking more than the recommended amount of water.
It will only run "out the other end" if you are already fully hydrated -
and much of the time that may well not be true.
``The Nationwide Food Consumption Surveys indicate that a portion of the population
may be chronically mildly dehydrated. Several factors may increase the likelihood
of chronic, mild dehydration, including a poor thirst mechanism, dissatisfaction
with the taste of water, common consumption of the natural diuretics caffeine and
alcohol, participation in exercise, and environmental conditions. Dehydration of
as little as 2% loss of body weight results in impaired physiological and
performance responses.''
- http://calorierestriction.org/pmid/?n=9972188
--
__________
|im |yler http://timtyler.org/ tim@tt1lock.org Remove lock to reply. |
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| Thomas Carter |
| Posted: Fri Jan 09, 2004 1:16 pm |
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Jaguar <jaguar@ak.net> wrote in message news:<3FFE6364.6070106@ak.net>...
Quote: While I was grooming this evening it came to me that a key attribute of
aging is the gradual dehyration of the body. Two examples are that the
mucous membranes dry out and the skin becomes less elastic and resilient
as the cells lose their plumpness. I wonder if there is something a
person can do to restore the body's ability to utilize water and
lubricate itself. Drinking more than the recommended amount of water
isn't the answer. It'll just run out the other end.
Hi,
Before it runs out the other end, put more in the first end.
Here's what I have on water.
Thomas
Water intake of five or more vs. two or fewer glasses of water daily
is associated with a .46 relitive risk of fatal coronary heart disease
in men and a .59 rr in women. (1) A good part of this benefit seams
to be due to the replacement of other beverages by water. (1) Water
consumption decreases Hematocrit (5), (6), (7), which is associated
with decreased CVD mortality, (3), (4) and controls body temp. (7).
Body temp. is hypothesized be some, ie Roy Walford, to influence
aging.
(1) Am J Epidemiol 2002 May 1;155(9):827-33
Water, Other Fluids, and Fatal Coronary Heart Disease The Adventist
Health Study
Jacqueline Chan1,2, Synnove F. Knutsen1,3, Glen G. Blix2, Jerry W.
Lee2 and Gary E. Fraser1,3
1 Adventist Health Studies, School of Public Health, Loma Linda
University, Loma Linda, CA.
2 Department of Health Promotion and Education, School of Public
Health, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA.
3 Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Loma Linda
University, Loma Linda, CA.
Whole blood viscosity, plasma viscosity, hematocrit, and fibrinogen
are considered independent risk factors for coronary heart disease and
can be elevated by dehydration. The associations between fatal
coronary heart disease and intake of water and fluids other than water
were examined among the 8,280 male and 12,017 female participants aged
38–100 years who were without heart disease, stroke, or diabetes at
baseline in 1976 in the Adventist Health Study, a prospective cohort
study. A total of 246 fatal coronary heart disease events occurred
during the 6-year follow-up. High daily intakes of water (five or more
glasses) compared with low (two or fewer glasses) were associated with
a relative risk in men of 0.46 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.28,
0.75; p trend = 0.001) and, in women, of 0.59 (95% CI: 0.36, 0.97). A
high versus low intake of fluids other than water was associated with
a relative risk of 2.47 (95% CI: 1.04, 5.8 in women and of 1.46 (95%
CI: 0.7, 3.03) in men. All associations remained virtually unchanged
in multivariate analysis adjusting for age, smoking, hypertension,
body mass index, education, and (in women only) hormone replacement
therapy. Fluid intake as a putative coronary heart disease risk factor
may deserve further consideration in other populations or using other
study designs PMID: 11978586
11-10-1998
DRINKING WATER PREVENTS HEART ATTACK AND STROKE
30,391 healthy people with no prior history of heart disease, diabetes
or stroke were followed for 6 years.5 or more glasses of water per day
was associated with a 51% decrease in fatal heart attack, compared
with those who drank 2 glasses per day or less.
3,809 people with a prior history of coronary heart disease, diabetes
or stroke were also studied for 6 years.5 or more glasses of water per
day was associated with a 44% decrease in the incidence of fatal
stroke.
Nonfatal heart attacks and strokes were also reduced to a somewhat
lesser extent.
This benefit was seen only with water and not with other beverages.
(Note: Most municipal water supplies are heavily treated with
chemicals and are best purified before consumption, EMC)Chan J,
Synnove SF. Presentation at the 20th Congress of the European Society
of Cardiology, Vienna, Austria, 1998. (From the Department of
Epidemiology, Loma Linda University Medical School, Callifornia).
This seems to be another slant on the same study
(2) FROM REUTER'S HEALTH
Her death prompted a British parliamentary committee to issue a report
urging airlines to warn passengers of the risks of developing the
potentially fatal blood clots.DRINK WATER, NOT ALCOHOL
While researchers differ on whether long flights increase the risk of
blood clot formation, Makino said passengers, whether in economy or
first-class, should take precautionary measures such as drinking water
to prevent dehydration--one cause of blood clots.
Makino said the 25 deaths reported since his clinic opened in 1992
were not limited to economy class passengers. One was a US airline
pilot who collapsed in the cockpit after arriving in Tokyo.
``The syndrome may have become well-known only recently, but it has
been around ever since people began flying,'' Makino said. ``It's
wrong to assume that it is limited to economy class passengers,'' he
said.
Many of those who suffered serious cases were overweight passengers
and the elderly, he said. The average age of those who died was 64,
but one was just 46.
(3) Am Heart J 1994 Mar;127(3):674-82 Hematocrit and the risk of
cardiovascular disease--the Framingham study: a 34-year follow-up.
Gagnon DR, Zhang TJ, Brand FN, Kannel WB. Boston University School of
Public Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, MA 02118.
We examined the relationship between the risk of CVD mortality and
morbidity and HCT over a period of 34 years of follow-up in the 5209
men and women in the Framingham cohort. There was an increased risk of
all-cause death as well as morbidity and mortality due to CVD in
subjects with HCT values in the highest quintile. There was no
evidence of a decrease risk of CVD in men with lower than median HCT
values, and women actually showed increased risk of CVD events with
lower HCT values, indicating a J- or U-shaped relationship between HCT
and CVD events. The impact of HCT on CVD events appears to differ for
different age groups and by sex. HCT is significantly related to the
incidence of CVD, including CHD, MI, angina pectoris, stroke, and IC
in younger men. In younger women, HCT is related to the incidence of
CVD, CHD, MI and mortality from CVD and CHD. A negative association
with CHF incidence and stroke death is noted in elderly women. These
results support the hypothesis that HCT is an important risk factor
for some CVD events, an association that merits further investigation.
PMID: 8122618
(4)
Am Heart J 2001 Oct;142(4):657-63 Hematocrit and the risk of coronary
heart disease mortality. Brown DW, Giles WH, Croft JB. Cardiovascular
Health Branch, Division of Adult and Community Health, National Center
for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for
Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30341-3717, USA.
BACKGROUND: An association between hematocrit (Hct) and coronary heart
disease (CHD) mortality has been previously observed. However, the
relationship of Hct and CHD independent of other cardiovascular
disease (CVD) risk factors and differences between men and women
remain unclear. METHODS: We examined the association between Hct and
CHD mortality with Cox regression analyses of data from 8896 adults,
aged 30-75 years, in the Second National Health and Nutrition
Examination Survey (NHANES II) Mortality Study (1976-1992). Covariates
included age, sex, race, education, smoking status, hypertensive
status, total serum cholesterol, body mass index, white blood cell
count, and history of CVD and diabetes. Hct was categorized by use of
sex-specific tertiles, and all analyses were stratified by sex.
RESULTS: During 16.8 years of follow-up, there were 545 (men 343,
women 202) deaths from CHD (International Classification of Diseases,
9th revision [ICD-9] 410-414), 778 (men 426, women 279) deaths from
diseases of the heart (ICD-9 390-398, 402, 404, 410-414, 415-417,
420-429), and 2046 (men 1216, women 830) all-cause deaths. Among men,
the crude CHD mortality rate per 10,000 population was 42.6, 31.9, and
46.3 among those with Hct in the lower, middle, and upper tertiles,
respectively. The corresponding crude CHD mortality rates among women
were 12.6, 18.6, and 27.7. After adjustment for age and other CVD risk
factors, there was no association between Hct in the upper tertile
compared with the lower tertile and mortality from either CHD,
diseases of the heart, or all causes among men. Women with Hct in the
upper tertile were 1.3 times (95% CI 0.9-1.9) more likely to die from
CHD than were women with Hct in the lowest tertile, after multivariate
adjustment. The effect of high Hct on CHD mortality among women
younger than 65 years of age was slightly stronger (relative risk 2.2,
95% CI 1.0-4.6). CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that the
association between Hct and mortality from CHD and all causes is
complex, differing both by sex and age. Further research is needed to
gain a better understanding of these age and sex differences. PMID:
11579356
(5) Pflugers Arch 2001 Jun;442(3):362-8 Water drinking causes a
biphasic change in blood composition in humans. Endo Y, Torii R,
Yamazaki F, Sagawa S, Yamauchi K, Tsutsui Y, Morikawa T, Shiraki K.
Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of
Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan. To
investigate precisely the fluid shifts associated with water drinking
in humans, we measured continuously blood density and plasma
electrolyte concentrations using the mechanical oscillator technique
and ion-selective electrodes, respectively, in healthy young
volunteers before (10 min) and after (48 min) water drinking for a
period of 2 min. Beat-by-beat blood pressure was also monitored
throughout the experiment. Drinking 1 l tap water caused a transient
increase in blood density immediately after the drinking episode (from
1051.1+/-0.5 g/l before drinking to 1051.8+/-0.5 g/l 4 min after the
start of drinking, P<0.05), followed by a gradual reduction
(1050.1+/-0.5 g/l at 31 min). This drinking-induced change paralleled
those of haematocrit, plasma density and plasma volume. Plasma [Na+]
and [Cl-] and osmolality decreased after drinking without transient
increases and reached minima at about 30 min. A transient increase in
mean arterial blood pressure was observed prior to the increase in
blood density. These findings suggest that water drinking causes a
biphasic change in plasma volume: initial haemoconcentration, probably
due to sympathetic acceleration, followed by haemodilution due to the
post-absorptive effect, and further suggest that the fluid shift
associated with the initial haemoconcentration is isosmotic. PMID:
11484766
(6) Int J Sports Med 1988 Apr;9(2):104-7 Blood viscosity after a
1-h submaximal exercise with and without drinking. Vandewalle H,
Lacombe C, Lelievre JC, Poirot C. Unite de Biorheologie (C.N.R.S. UA
343), Universite de Paris, France. Ten healthy subjects performed two
exercise sessions similar to an endurance training session for average
athletes (1 cycling exercise at 85% of the maximal heart rate on a
Monark cycle ergometer). In the first session, the subjects were not
allowed to drink during exercise. During the second session, the same
subjects performed the same exercise as during the first session but
they drank a beverage volume equal to the weight loss induced by the
first exercise session to verify the hypothesis that the compensation
of sweat loss by drinking could attenuate the exercise-induced blood
viscosity increase. Both protocols (with and without drinking) induced
a significant increase of hematocrit and plasma viscosity. The whole
blood viscosity increased at all shear rates but this increase was
significant only for the exercise protocol without drinking. Blood
thixotropic property, erythrocyte deformability, and erythrocyte
aggregability remained unchanged after both exercise protocols.
Hemoconcentration explained the increase of hematocrit and plasma
viscosity. Hemoconcentration was probably the consequence of a
filtration process through capillary leakage in addition to sweat
loss, which could explain the partial effect of drinking in our study.
PMID: 3384514
(7) Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol 1988;57(2):220-4 Improved
thermoregulation caused by forced water intake in human desert
dwellers. Kristal-Boneh E, Glusman JG, Chaemovitz C, Cassuto Y.
Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel. Residents of
the Negev desert in Israel sustain a mild state of dehydration. Low,
concentrated urine outputs, high incidence of kidney diseases and high
hematocrit ratios characterize this population. Educational programs
to increase the awareness of the population to the dangers of
dehydration have undoubtedly failed. It was our purpose to see whether
forced increased drinking will affect the above variables. Ten healthy
subjects were asked to double their normal voluntary water intake
without (phase II) and with salt supplements (50 mM NaCl, 20 mM KCl)
(phase III), for one week. After phases II and III significant
increases in body masses, decreased concentrations of serum proteins,
hemoglobin, hematocrit ratios and serum osmolalities were found. No
significant changes were found in the concentrations of sodium and
potassium in the serum. At the end of each phase, the subjects were
asked to exercise on a bicycle ergometer for 60 min at 50% VO2max in a
heated chamber at 45 degrees C, and 30%-50% relative humidity.
Experiments were terminated if and when heart-rates exceeded 180 bpm
or the rectal temperature increased to 39 degrees C. After both
experimental phases, subjects increased their tolerance to heat,
extending the exercise periods by 25% and 30%. Compared with their
starting levels, hematocrit ratios, serum proteins and hemoglobin
concentrations increased in phases II and III while no changes were
recorded in the control period (phase I). It is suggested that
spontaneous voluntary water drinking in desert dwellers is not enough
to achieve a true state of "euhydration". PMID: 3349990
( Diabetologia 1989 Apr;32(4):231-5 Effect on the postprandial
glycaemic level of the addition of water to a meal ingested by healthy
subjects and type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetic patients.
Torsdottir I, Andersson H. Department of Clinical Nutrition,
University of Goteborg, Sahlgren's Hospital, Sweden. The effects on
postprandial glycaemic reactions of adding a glass of water to a meal
were studied in 7 healthy male subjects and 20 Type 2
(non-insulin-dependent) diabetic patients for a period of up to 3 h.
The subjects were served a meal of potatoes and meat, with or without
300 ml of water, in random order on two mornings after a 12-h fast.
The diabetic patients were considered as well-controlled or not
well-controlled according to HbA1c and blood glucose fasting values.
Water addition increased the peak blood glucose (p less than 0.02) and
serum insulin (p less than 0.02) levels in healthy subjects, and the
blood glucose concentration in well-controlled diabetic patients (p
less than 0.02). The addition of water also increased the overall
blood glucose response, calculated as the positive incremental area,
in healthy subjects by 68 +/- 25% (p less than 0.02) and in
well-controlled diabetic patients by 40 +/- 14% (p less than 0.01). In
poorly-controlled diabetic patients, however, the addition of water
did not display significant effects, probably due to the varying
fasting glycaemia in these patients. Thus, altering the physical
property of a meal by dilution with water can affect the physiological
responses; the results are considered to be relevant for the on-going
discussion concerning the use of physiological responses to foods as a
basis for diet instructions to diabetic patients. Publication Types:
Clinical Trial Randomized Controlled Trial PMID: 2759361
DEF: Werner's Syndrom: In 1996 they found the gene that causes
Werner's syndrone the disease that causes people to die of old age in
their 40's.
The gene appears to be linked to DNA repair and probably has nothing
to do with telomers.
DEF: Whey Protein: At 20% by weight of diet it raised glutathione
levels and increased lifespan in rats, and increased immune response.
Possible cancer fighter (human breast cancer study) Possibly reduces
LDL oxidation and increases bone growth. An important sub-fraction is
lactoferrin which binds to free iron and acts as an anti-oxident.
See LEF Magazine Oct.'98 pp17 also
http://www.benbest.com/lifeext/whey.html
ORIGINAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATION Whey protein rich in
-lactalbumin increases the ratio of plasma tryptophan to the sum of
the other large neutral amino acids and improves cognitive performance
in stress-vulnerable subjects1,2,3
C Rob Markus, Berend Olivier and Edward HF de Haan
1 From the Department of Experimental Psychology, University of
Maastricht, Maastricht, Netherlands (CRM); the Department of
Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT (BO);
and the Department of Psychonomics, Utrecht University, Utrecht,
Netherlands (EHFDH).
------------
Background: Cognitive performance often declines under chronic stress
exposure. The negative effect of chronic stress on performance may be
mediated by reduced brain serotonin function. The uptake of the
serotonin precursor tryptophan into the brain depends on nutrients
that influence the availability of tryptophan by changing the ratio of
plasma tryptophan to the sum of the other large neutral amino acids
(Trp-LNAA ratio). In addition, a diet-induced increase in tryptophan
may increase brain serotonergic activity levels and improve cognitive
performance, particularly in high stress-vulnerable subjects.
Objective: We tested whether -lactalbumin, a whey protein with a high
tryptophan content, would increase the plasma Trp-LNAA ratio and
improve cognitive performance in high stress– vulnerable subjects.
Design: Twenty-three high stress–vulnerable subjects and 29 low
stress–vulnerable subjects participated in a double-blind,
placebo-controlled, crossover study. All subjects conducted a
memory-scanning task after the intake of a diet enriched with either
-lactalbumin (-lactalbumin diet) or sodium caseinate (control diet).
Blood samples were taken to measure the effect of dietary manipulation
on the plasma Trp-LNAA ratio.
Results: A significantly greater increase in the plasma Trp-LNAA ratio
after consumption of the -lactalbumin diet than after the control diet
(P = 0.0001) was observed; memory scanning improved significantly only
in the high stress–vulnerable subjects (P = 0.019).
Conclusion: Because an increase in the plasma Trp-LNAA ratio is
considered to be an indirect indication of increased brain serotonin
function, the results suggest that dietary protein rich in
-lactalbumin improves cognitive performance in stress-vulnerable
subjects via increased brain tryptophan and serotonin activities.
@tryptophan
@stress |
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