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| Andrew Burton |
Posted: Mon Oct 08, 2007 3:37 pm |
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Guest
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I'm doing a bit of research for a story, so let me apologize in advance
if this doesn't fit the mandate of your groups. I won't repost if I
don't get an answer. Thank you, though, for your time in advance.
I'm trying to find a formula or a chart that'll help me figure out
average/ideal steel strengths given a bar of a certain diameter. For
instance, how thick of a rod of steel would a person need to keep it
from buckling when a super-human applied a ton of pressure. I realize
there are different types of steel, purities, etc., which is why I
thought there might be a kind of slide-rule-esque chart for figuring
X-type for Y-weight is Z-thickness.
Any help would be appreciated. I've Googled and checked Wikipedia, but
the best they seem to have is related tooling equipment and melting
points, respectively, which is interesting but not what I need. Again,
thank you in advance for your help!
--
Andrew Burton
tuglyraisin@aol.com
http://utilitarian.us - A Guide to Esoteric Technology in Paragon City
http://jarodrussell.livejournal.com/ - Take a guess.  |
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| Ed Huntress |
Posted: Mon Oct 08, 2007 3:52 pm |
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"Andrew Burton" <tuglyraisin@aol.com> wrote in message
news:hywOi.41$or6.8@newsfe06.lga...
Quote: I'm doing a bit of research for a story, so let me apologize in advance if
this doesn't fit the mandate of your groups. I won't repost if I don't
get an answer. Thank you, though, for your time in advance.
I'm trying to find a formula or a chart that'll help me figure out
average/ideal steel strengths given a bar of a certain diameter. For
instance, how thick of a rod of steel would a person need to keep it from
buckling when a super-human applied a ton of pressure. I realize there
are different types of steel, purities, etc., which is why I thought there
might be a kind of slide-rule-esque chart for figuring X-type for Y-weight
is Z-thickness.
Any help would be appreciated. I've Googled and checked Wikipedia, but
the best they seem to have is related tooling equipment and melting
points, respectively, which is interesting but not what I need. Again,
thank you in advance for your help!
It sounds like you need some basic info on the different ways that steel is
"strong" or not, Andrew. There are people here who will fill you in.
First, though, steel ranges in tensile strength from around 40,000 pounds
per square inch to over 300,000 psi, depending on the grade. When you talk
about buckling you raise the question of whether you're aware of the shape
effects of steel under compressive loads. It isn't just the strength of the
steel that's at issue; it's the ratio of the length to cross-sectional area,
and the section shape.
In other words it may sound like you're asking a simple question but you're
not. You could start by telling us what kind of steel shapes you're talking
about (round bars? tubes? I-beams?) and how the load is applied.
--
Ed Huntress |
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| Andrew Burton |
Posted: Mon Oct 08, 2007 4:21 pm |
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Ed Huntress wrote:
Quote: It sounds like you need some basic info on the different ways that steel is
"strong" or not, Andrew. There are people here who will fill you in.
Yes. I figured my Googling was being such a dismal failure because of
my lack of knowing the right context in which to search. Thank you for
confirming this. (Seriously, thank you, because that lets me know I
need to research metallurgy in general to learn the basic terms.)
Quote: In other words it may sound like you're asking a simple question but you're
not. You could start by telling us what kind of steel shapes you're talking
about (round bars? tubes? I-beams?) and how the load is applied.
The shape I have in mind is a rectangular frame made up of four solid,
round bars. The longer two of these pipes are six feet, the shorter are
four feet, and it's assumed that the weld points at the corners are
equal in strength to the bars (I'm not sure how that holds up in the
real world, though). The pressure that will be applied comes from a
super-human strapped in the middle, with their limbs attached to the
four corners, trying bend at the waist. I'm assuming the "buckling" as
I call it would most likely happen at the middle on the longer bars,
maybe in the shorter ones.
Mostly I'm trying to figure if the super-human can exert roughly one ton
of pressure at the four corners, how thick would the bars need to be not
to buckle. Steel might not even be the ideal metal for this situation,
I was just hoping to use it as a good enough example to get pointed in
the right direction. Thank you!
--
Andrew Burton
tuglyraisin@aol.com
http://utilitarian.us - A Guide to Esoteric Technology in Paragon City
http://jarodrussell.livejournal.com/ - Take a guess.  |
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| David Deuchar |
Posted: Mon Oct 08, 2007 5:28 pm |
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I would make a frame from tubes, buckling properties of structural tube
http://www.corusconstruction.com/en/design_and_innovation/structural_design/the_blue_book/axial_&_bending/british_standard_sections/chs_celsius/
"Andrew Burton" <tuglyraisin@aol.com> wrote in message
news:HbxOi.46$or6.14@newsfe06.lga...
Quote: Ed Huntress wrote:
It sounds like you need some basic info on the different ways that steel
is "strong" or not, Andrew. There are people here who will fill you in.
Yes. I figured my Googling was being such a dismal failure because of my
lack of knowing the right context in which to search. Thank you for
confirming this. (Seriously, thank you, because that lets me know I need
to research metallurgy in general to learn the basic terms.)
In other words it may sound like you're asking a simple question but
you're not. You could start by telling us what kind of steel shapes
you're talking about (round bars? tubes? I-beams?) and how the load is
applied.
The shape I have in mind is a rectangular frame made up of four solid,
round bars. The longer two of these pipes are six feet, the shorter are
four feet, and it's assumed that the weld points at the corners are equal
in strength to the bars (I'm not sure how that holds up in the real world,
though). The pressure that will be applied comes from a super-human
strapped in the middle, with their limbs attached to the four corners,
trying bend at the waist. I'm assuming the "buckling" as I call it would
most likely happen at the middle on the longer bars, maybe in the shorter
ones.
Mostly I'm trying to figure if the super-human can exert roughly one ton
of pressure at the four corners, how thick would the bars need to be not
to buckle. Steel might not even be the ideal metal for this situation, I
was just hoping to use it as a good enough example to get pointed in the
right direction. Thank you!
--
Andrew Burton
tuglyraisin@aol.com
http://utilitarian.us - A Guide to Esoteric Technology in Paragon City
http://jarodrussell.livejournal.com/ - Take a guess.  |
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| Andrew Burton |
Posted: Mon Oct 08, 2007 6:19 pm |
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| RoyJ |
Posted: Mon Oct 08, 2007 7:18 pm |
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The problem is that the frame could bend, crush, or buckle depending on
how the load is applied.
If the short sides were the hands and the feet, the long sides one hand
and one foot:
If the person tried to do a situp it would be a bending moment, that is
a function of the length of the tube and the section modulus.
If the person tried to just compress either the sides or the ends, it
could buckle or crush. Buckling is when the bar bends like a fishing
rod. Crushing is what an aluminum can does when you hit it on your
forehead. For steel, buckling occurs when the length to diameter ratio
exceeds 89:1
Andrew Burton wrote:
Quote: Ed Huntress wrote:
It sounds like you need some basic info on the different ways that
steel is "strong" or not, Andrew. There are people here who will fill
you in.
Yes. I figured my Googling was being such a dismal failure because of
my lack of knowing the right context in which to search. Thank you for
confirming this. (Seriously, thank you, because that lets me know I
need to research metallurgy in general to learn the basic terms.)
In other words it may sound like you're asking a simple question but
you're not. You could start by telling us what kind of steel shapes
you're talking about (round bars? tubes? I-beams?) and how the load is
applied.
The shape I have in mind is a rectangular frame made up of four solid,
round bars. The longer two of these pipes are six feet, the shorter are
four feet, and it's assumed that the weld points at the corners are
equal in strength to the bars (I'm not sure how that holds up in the
real world, though). The pressure that will be applied comes from a
super-human strapped in the middle, with their limbs attached to the
four corners, trying bend at the waist. I'm assuming the "buckling" as
I call it would most likely happen at the middle on the longer bars,
maybe in the shorter ones.
Mostly I'm trying to figure if the super-human can exert roughly one ton
of pressure at the four corners, how thick would the bars need to be not
to buckle. Steel might not even be the ideal metal for this situation,
I was just hoping to use it as a good enough example to get pointed in
the right direction. Thank you!
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| Ed Huntress |
Posted: Mon Oct 08, 2007 7:36 pm |
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"Andrew Burton" <tuglyraisin@aol.com> wrote in message
news:HbxOi.46$or6.14@newsfe06.lga...
Quote: Ed Huntress wrote:
It sounds like you need some basic info on the different ways that steel
is "strong" or not, Andrew. There are people here who will fill you in.
Yes. I figured my Googling was being such a dismal failure because of my
lack of knowing the right context in which to search. Thank you for
confirming this. (Seriously, thank you, because that lets me know I need
to research metallurgy in general to learn the basic terms.)
In other words it may sound like you're asking a simple question but
you're not. You could start by telling us what kind of steel shapes
you're talking about (round bars? tubes? I-beams?) and how the load is
applied.
The shape I have in mind is a rectangular frame made up of four solid,
round bars. The longer two of these pipes are six feet, the shorter are
four feet, and it's assumed that the weld points at the corners are equal
in strength to the bars (I'm not sure how that holds up in the real world,
though). The pressure that will be applied comes from a super-human
strapped in the middle, with their limbs attached to the four corners,
trying bend at the waist. I'm assuming the "buckling" as I call it would
most likely happen at the middle on the longer bars, maybe in the shorter
ones.
Mostly I'm trying to figure if the super-human can exert roughly one ton
of pressure at the four corners, how thick would the bars need to be not
to buckle. Steel might not even be the ideal metal for this situation, I
was just hoping to use it as a good enough example to get pointed in the
right direction. Thank you!
--
Andrew Burton
tuglyraisin@aol.com
http://utilitarian.us - A Guide to Esoteric Technology in Paragon City
http://jarodrussell.livejournal.com/ - Take a guess.
As David said, the most efficient shape, in terms of strength for weight, is
hollow tube. The *least* efficient shape is solid bar. However, solid bar
would result in the smallest *diameter* for the structural members, at a
very large penalty in weight.
There is one thing to clear up about strength, and then you'll be off and
running with the formulas. The tubes, probably, or the bars, certainly, will
spring in or out long before you approach the strength of the steel. The
limit will be based on the diameter of the member relative to its length,
and the *stiffness* of the bar or tube.
All grades of steel have the same stiffness. But they can have radically
different strength. What this means in your application is that any grade of
steel, strong or weak, will spring in or out (it will happen along the
longer bars) with the same load. However, a stronger steel will bend and
then spring back fully, while a weaker steel will bend and stay partly bent.
This is not a trivial structural situation, and you'll probably have more
questions. If this is a real situation you'll want to make sure you get it
right. If it's a literary one, you probably can b.s. your way through it.
<g>
--
Ed Huntress |
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| DoN. Nichols |
Posted: Mon Oct 08, 2007 10:47 pm |
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According to RoyJ <spamless@microsoft.net>:
Quote: The problem is that the frame could bend, crush, or buckle depending on
how the load is applied.
If the short sides were the hands and the feet, the long sides one hand
and one foot:
If the person tried to do a situp it would be a bending moment, that is
a function of the length of the tube and the section modulus.
Except that there appears to be no contact with the center of
the body, so that would probably not do much.
Quote: If the person tried to just compress either the sides or the ends, it
could buckle or crush. Buckling is when the bar bends like a fishing
rod. Crushing is what an aluminum can does when you hit it on your
forehead. For steel, buckling occurs when the length to diameter ratio
exceeds 89:1
What I would consider the most likely maneuver to succeed would
be if the super-being tried pulling one hand and the diagonally opposite
foot towards the center of his body, thus deforming it in such a way as
to cause the other two corners to move outward -- if there is any slack
allowed for this. Alternating hand-foot pairs would continue to flex
it, perhaps leading to metal fatigue.
To protect against this, you would want another piece of steel
as a diagonal brace between two opposite corners -- but this might then
provide a possible contact with the mid body, thus offering more
possible failure modes.
As someone else suggested, square tube (with adequate wall
thickness) would be almost as strong as solid steel of the same
dimensions -- and a lot lighter. It is also stronger than the same
weight of steel in the form of a solid bar (thus of smaller diameter.
Does the weight of the frame matter for the purposes of the
story, or are you assuming that the means exists to transfer all the
weight needed? Can the super-being be kept unconscious for long enough
to allow the frame to be poured full of cement and allowed to set before
he/she/it starts applying that super strength to the frame?
I would also suggest that the frame be suspended by steel cables
so the being does not have access to any surface to use to help
concentrate the strength.
Good Luck,
DoN.
P.S. What format of work will this be? Book? Comic book/graphics
novel? Movie/animation? (Not that it really matters to the
question you asked, but I'm wondering in what format to expect
to eventually find this?
--
Email: <dnichols@d-and-d.com> | Voice (all times): (703) 938-4564
(too) near Washington D.C. | http://www.d-and-d.com/dnichols/DoN.html
--- Black Holes are where God is dividing by zero --- |
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| David Merrill |
Posted: Mon Oct 08, 2007 11:09 pm |
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Here's a link that will give you some flavor of what you're asking.
http://physics.uwstout.edu/statstr/Statics/index.htm
This is part of undergraduate mechanical engineering. I recall encountering
the problem of plastic buckling of a frame (assembly of beams) in a graduate
level course in plasticity. Very likely, whole books have been written on
the subject.
Knowing the shape and size of the frame, the size and shape of the members
comprising the frame, the nature of the joints between members, the stress
vs strain relation (and perhaps other properties) that characterize the
material, and the nature, magnitude, direction and point(s) of application
for each of the applied loads, a qualified structural analyst might be able
to construct such a chart, providing that an assumption of relatively small
deflections is valid. Change any of the above and you may have a whole
different chart. Encounter a different failure mode (e.g., brittle
fracture) and it's a whole different analysis. If the aspect ratio of
member cross-sections exceed certain limits other modes of buckling may
prevail, etc, etc. If the frame is not a fairly simple configuration, a
finite element computer analysis might be required. The context of the
problem usually dictates the level of sophistication required and the level
of resources to be expended.
Incidentally you're confusing force and pressure, the latter, like stress,
being measured in force per unit area.
David Merrill
"Andrew Burton" <tuglyraisin@aol.com> wrote in message
news:hywOi.41$or6.8@newsfe06.lga...
Quote: I'm doing a bit of research for a story, so let me apologize in advance
if this doesn't fit the mandate of your groups. I won't repost if I
don't get an answer. Thank you, though, for your time in advance.
I'm trying to find a formula or a chart that'll help me figure out
average/ideal steel strengths given a bar of a certain diameter. For
instance, how thick of a rod of steel would a person need to keep it
from buckling when a super-human applied a ton of pressure. I realize
there are different types of steel, purities, etc., which is why I
thought there might be a kind of slide-rule-esque chart for figuring
X-type for Y-weight is Z-thickness.
Any help would be appreciated. I've Googled and checked Wikipedia, but
the best they seem to have is related tooling equipment and melting
points, respectively, which is interesting but not what I need. Again,
thank you in advance for your help!
--
Andrew Burton
tuglyraisin@aol.com
http://utilitarian.us - A Guide to Esoteric Technology in Paragon City
http://jarodrussell.livejournal.com/ - Take a guess.  |
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| Leo Lichtman |
Posted: Tue Oct 09, 2007 1:06 am |
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"David Merrill" wrote: (clip)Incidentally you're confusing force and
pressure, the latter, like stress, being measured in force per unit area.
(clip)
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
Also, in an earlier post, confusing pipe with solid bar. Andrew, why don't
you write about something you know? |
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| Trevor Jones |
Posted: Tue Oct 09, 2007 7:02 am |
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Andrew Burton wrote:
Quote: I'm doing a bit of research for a story, so let me apologize in advance
if this doesn't fit the mandate of your groups. I won't repost if I
don't get an answer. Thank you, though, for your time in advance.
I'm trying to find a formula or a chart that'll help me figure out
average/ideal steel strengths given a bar of a certain diameter. For
instance, how thick of a rod of steel would a person need to keep it
from buckling when a super-human applied a ton of pressure. I realize
there are different types of steel, purities, etc., which is why I
thought there might be a kind of slide-rule-esque chart for figuring
X-type for Y-weight is Z-thickness.
Any help would be appreciated. I've Googled and checked Wikipedia, but
the best they seem to have is related tooling equipment and melting
points, respectively, which is interesting but not what I need. Again,
thank you in advance for your help!
Has it come to this?
An engineer turning to the usenet for his doctoral thesis homework?
:-)
Cheers
Trevor Jones |
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| David Merrill |
Posted: Tue Oct 09, 2007 9:57 am |
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| Andrew Burton |
Posted: Tue Oct 09, 2007 9:44 pm |
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| Andrew Burton |
Posted: Tue Oct 09, 2007 9:47 pm |
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DoN. Nichols wrote:
Quote: P.S. What format of work will this be? Book? Comic book/graphics
novel? Movie/animation? (Not that it really matters to the
question you asked, but I'm wondering in what format to expect
to eventually find this?
Plain text actually, strictly an amateur endeavor. If I can ever pull
all these facts together and understand them, it'll show up in one of
the "Lady Lawful & Doctor Developer" stories here:
http://haven.eyrie.org/~dvandom/ASH/history.html
Thanks for the useful info!
--
Andrew Burton
tuglyraisin@aol.com
http://utilitarian.us - A Guide to Esoteric Technology in Paragon City
http://jarodrussell.livejournal.com/ - Take a guess.  |
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| DoN. Nichols |
Posted: Tue Oct 09, 2007 11:07 pm |
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According to Andrew Burton <tuglyraisin@aol.com>:
Quote: DoN. Nichols wrote:
P.S. What format of work will this be? Book? Comic book/graphics
novel? Movie/animation? (Not that it really matters to the
question you asked, but I'm wondering in what format to expect
to eventually find this?
Plain text actually, strictly an amateur endeavor. If I can ever pull
all these facts together and understand them, it'll show up in one of
the "Lady Lawful & Doctor Developer" stories here:
http://haven.eyrie.org/~dvandom/ASH/history.html
O.K. Bookmarked to read the rest later.
Quote: Thanks for the useful info!
You're welcome. Best fo luck with it.
Enjoy,
DoN.
--
Email: <dnichols@d-and-d.com> | Voice (all times): (703) 938-4564
(too) near Washington D.C. | http://www.d-and-d.com/dnichols/DoN.html
--- Black Holes are where God is dividing by zero --- |
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