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Triple G
Posted: Fri Oct 03, 2003 3:40 am
Guest
I am looking to try and melt metals in a domestic microwave for this I
need to use a ceramic mould which can absorb microwaves. I just
wondered whether anyone can tell me which ceramics are best at
absorbing microwaves and whether anyone has any ideas as to what the
composition of the mould should be in order to achieve this.
Uncle Al
Posted: Fri Oct 03, 2003 8:55 am
Guest
Triple G wrote:
Quote:

I am looking to try and melt metals in a domestic microwave for this I
need to use a ceramic mould which can absorb microwaves. I just
wondered whether anyone can tell me which ceramics are best at
absorbing microwaves and whether anyone has any ideas as to what the
composition of the mould should be in order to achieve this.

Silicon carbide is a premier refractory lossy susceptor. One
generally uses the susceptor for heating and then a crucible suitable
to the task for containment. If you don't know anything about
induction melting, then diddling with a microwave is no way to find
out. All you will do is ruin a microwave oven.


--
Uncle Al
http://www.mazepath.com/uncleal/
(Toxic URL! Unsafe for children and most mammals)
"Quis custodiet ipsos custodes?" The Net!
Gordon Couger
Posted: Fri Oct 03, 2003 3:16 pm
Guest
"Triple G" <ms0u108b@liv.ac.uk> wrote in message
news:de33f981.0310030140.d5729b7@posting.google.com...
Quote:
I am looking to try and melt metals in a domestic microwave for this I
need to use a ceramic mould which can absorb microwaves. I just
wondered whether anyone can tell me which ceramics are best at
absorbing microwaves and whether anyone has any ideas as to what the
composition of the mould should be in order to achieve this.

http://home.c2i.net/metaphor/mvpage.html shows how to make small melts to
1,000 c.

Gordon
Gregg
Posted: Fri Oct 03, 2003 7:20 pm
Guest
"Gordon Couger" <gcouger@NOSPAMprovalue.net> wrote in message
news:YGlfb.61$%o6.1@news1.central.cox.net...
Quote:

"Triple G" <ms0u108b@liv.ac.uk> wrote in message
news:de33f981.0310030140.d5729b7@posting.google.com...
I am looking to try and melt metals in a domestic microwave for this I
need to use a ceramic mould which can absorb microwaves. I just
wondered whether anyone can tell me which ceramics are best at
absorbing microwaves and whether anyone has any ideas as to what the
composition of the mould should be in order to achieve this.

http://home.c2i.net/metaphor/mvpage.html shows how to make small melts to
1,000 c.

Gordon


Interesting Web page ! - you are a brave soul !

I watched others try to sinter ceramics in domestic microwaves - from a safe
distance - the stuff that doesn't work can be very entertaining
Magnetite - alumina refractoriness that I saw tested had a tendency to
runaway with spectacular results. (small portions would melt right through
the microwave bottom and the counter top and the cupboard bottom)
They did a lot of work on microwave sintering of ceramics at ORNL - let me
know if you want references.
The susceptibility of SiC decreases with temperature - it makes for nice
controlled heating.
Yittria stabilized zirconia is a good suseptor once it's heated and it's
commonly used for induction heating applications.
Zirconia can certainly take the heat and corrosion of melts - maybe an SiC
crucible with a ZrO2 (YSZ) liner might work? (be careful of thermal
expansion differences and thermal shock to the zirconia)
Gregg
Gordon Couger
Posted: Sat Oct 04, 2003 3:35 pm
Guest
"Gregg" <gcrume@adelphia.net> wrote in message
news:Efpfb.1715$qj6.1334154@news1.news.adelphia.net...
Quote:

"Gordon Couger" <gcouger@NOSPAMprovalue.net> wrote in message
news:YGlfb.61$%o6.1@news1.central.cox.net...

"Triple G" <ms0u108b@liv.ac.uk> wrote in message
news:de33f981.0310030140.d5729b7@posting.google.com...
I am looking to try and melt metals in a domestic microwave for this I
need to use a ceramic mould which can absorb microwaves. I just
wondered whether anyone can tell me which ceramics are best at
absorbing microwaves and whether anyone has any ideas as to what the
composition of the mould should be in order to achieve this.

http://home.c2i.net/metaphor/mvpage.html shows how to make small melts
to
1,000 c.

Gordon


Interesting Web page ! - you are a brave soul !
I watched others try to sinter ceramics in domestic microwaves - from a
safe
distance - the stuff that doesn't work can be very entertaining
Magnetite - alumina refractoriness that I saw tested had a tendency to
runaway with spectacular results. (small portions would melt right through
the microwave bottom and the counter top and the cupboard bottom)
They did a lot of work on microwave sintering of ceramics at ORNL - let me
know if you want references.
The susceptibility of SiC decreases with temperature - it makes for nice
controlled heating.
Yittria stabilized zirconia is a good suseptor once it's heated and it's
commonly used for induction heating applications.
Zirconia can certainly take the heat and corrosion of melts - maybe an SiC
crucible with a ZrO2 (YSZ) liner might work? (be careful of thermal
expansion differences and thermal shock to the zirconia)

With an old microwave oven sitting out side viewing though the door with a
mirror and binoculars it sure a lot safer than many things I do everyday
like driving to coffee in a college town.

The save distance part is the key to anything you do. My neighbor made
substantial amounts of nitro glycerin in the 50's using mechanically remote
controlled mixing in 55 gallon barrels of ice water from behind an earthen
berm. The mistakes were spectacular but harmless. I drove by the farm he was
did it on a couple of weeks ago and most of the evidence is grown over now.


Gordon Couger
Stillwater, OK
www.couger.com/gcouger
Gregg
Posted: Sun Oct 05, 2003 7:09 pm
Guest
snip-
Quote:
The save distance part is the key to anything you do. My neighbor made
substantial amounts of nitro glycerin in the 50's using mechanically
remote
controlled mixing in 55 gallon barrels of ice water from behind an earthen
berm. The mistakes were spectacular but harmless. I drove by the farm he
was
did it on a couple of weeks ago and most of the evidence is grown over
now.


Gordon Couger
Stillwater, OK
www.couger.com/gcouger


Funny you should mention what it takes to be safe

I wish you were around when I was in grad school - to lecture some of the
students.
There is nothing so reassuring as walking into a lab and being surprised by
a brightly glowing microwave on the other side of the door.
Or running to a room because a grad student is screaming at another student
who is about to pour 20% HF in a sink to clean glass ware.
On the other end of the spectrum - I just had a go around at work about
safety - I have to hook a CO2 cylinder up to a piece of equipment.
I wanted to hook up a flow regulator (small flows 10 liters an hour at ~ <
5psi pressure) - no problem right? - 5 minute job right?
The safety engineer (I use that term loosely) said a flow regulator and two
pressure relief valves were not enough We needed a line capable of holding
700psi from the tank to the equipment - in case the regulator and safety
valves failed (and I was the one who had to insist on a portable CO2
monitor)- now this line runs into tygon tubing ???
If - and I mean if -the regulator and the pressure relief valves fail all at
once - the line will blow up in the operator's face instead of back at the
tank - 10ft away. This job will cost $1000's and it's been a couple of
months so far and I'm still waiting. (by the way this is an A priority
project)
Dilbert lives,
Gregg
Gordon Couger
Posted: Tue Oct 07, 2003 4:34 am
Guest
They give the job of safety engineer to someone that is incapable of doing
anything else after he has been brain washed to makes sure all common sense
he might have had has been erased.

Write up the safety engineer as prescribing an unsafe installation. Tell the
distraction that you will not assume any liability for a installation that
you know to be unsafe because of faulty design and will require all people
working in the lab to sign a wavier informing them of the unsafe
installation. The safety engineer is not untouchable. To keep from making
him look like the fool his is make a short run of high pressure tubing and
put in a T to dump the pressure into a safe area.


I don't know what the fallout of being right is over this but you can beat
city hall the price may be more than you are willing to pay.

Actually an orifice on the high pressure side slightly larger than will
allow you maxim flow and pressure will make the whole thing fail safe so no
high pressure can escape through failed controls.

I see people that want to put a cut off valve on a rubber people line at the
burner on a furnace instead of the tank. If anything ever happens and they
cut off the valve at the burner and the hose burns thought the fire is
between them and the tank. If the only cutoff valve and regulator is at the
tank they will be at the tank to regulate the flame and shut down the valve
in case of a problem and there will be no risk of a fire from a broken hose
at all. How every they can not see it that way.

With the background today's students have they are dangerous with a feather
duster. Very few have any experience at all. Many don't know what work is
they have never seen any. And they have never done any thing that involves
safety. Schools have sanitize there programs to the point that the rough
spots in the sidewalks are inspected once a week so the poor darlings don't
stump their toe.


Gordon
"Gregg" <gcrume@adelphia.net> wrote in message
news:Hh3gb.35475$qj6.1978041@news1.news.adelphia.net...
Quote:
snip-
The save distance part is the key to anything you do. My neighbor made
substantial amounts of nitro glycerin in the 50's using mechanically
remote
controlled mixing in 55 gallon barrels of ice water from behind an
earthen
berm. The mistakes were spectacular but harmless. I drove by the farm he
was
did it on a couple of weeks ago and most of the evidence is grown over
now.


Gordon Couger
Stillwater, OK
www.couger.com/gcouger


Funny you should mention what it takes to be safe
I wish you were around when I was in grad school - to lecture some of the
students.
There is nothing so reassuring as walking into a lab and being surprised
by
a brightly glowing microwave on the other side of the door.
Or running to a room because a grad student is screaming at another
student
who is about to pour 20% HF in a sink to clean glass ware.
On the other end of the spectrum - I just had a go around at work about
safety - I have to hook a CO2 cylinder up to a piece of equipment.
I wanted to hook up a flow regulator (small flows 10 liters an hour at ~
5psi pressure) - no problem right? - 5 minute job right?
The safety engineer (I use that term loosely) said a flow regulator and
two
pressure relief valves were not enough We needed a line capable of holding
700psi from the tank to the equipment - in case the regulator and safety
valves failed (and I was the one who had to insist on a portable CO2
monitor)- now this line runs into tygon tubing ???
If - and I mean if -the regulator and the pressure relief valves fail all
at
once - the line will blow up in the operator's face instead of back at the
tank - 10ft away. This job will cost $1000's and it's been a couple of
months so far and I'm still waiting. (by the way this is an A priority
project)
Dilbert lives,
Gregg

Tim Worstall
Posted: Tue Oct 07, 2003 10:52 am
Guest
"Gregg" <gcrume@adelphia.net> wrote in message news:<Efpfb.1715$qj6.1334154@news1.news.adelphia.net>...
Quote:
"Gordon Couger" <gcouger@NOSPAMprovalue.net> wrote in message
news:YGlfb.61$%o6.1@news1.central.cox.net...

"Triple G" <ms0u108b@liv.ac.uk> wrote in message
news:de33f981.0310030140.d5729b7@posting.google.com...
I am looking to try and melt metals in a domestic microwave for this I
need to use a ceramic mould which can absorb microwaves. I just
wondered whether anyone can tell me which ceramics are best at
absorbing microwaves and whether anyone has any ideas as to what the
composition of the mould should be in order to achieve this.

http://home.c2i.net/metaphor/mvpage.html shows how to make small melts to
1,000 c.

Gordon


Interesting Web page ! - you are a brave soul !
I watched others try to sinter ceramics in domestic microwaves - from a safe
distance - the stuff that doesn't work can be very entertaining
Magnetite - alumina refractoriness that I saw tested had a tendency to
runaway with spectacular results. (small portions would melt right through
the microwave bottom and the counter top and the cupboard bottom)
They did a lot of work on microwave sintering of ceramics at ORNL - let me
know if you want references.
The susceptibility of SiC decreases with temperature - it makes for nice
controlled heating.
Yittria stabilized zirconia is a good suseptor once it's heated and it's
commonly used for induction heating applications.

You seem to know a lot about YSZ.....so a probably stupid question for
you.
Leaving aside all the cost questions, oculd there be any advantage to
using scandia stabilised zirconia instead of yttria ?

Tim Worstall


Quote:
Zirconia can certainly take the heat and corrosion of melts - maybe an SiC
crucible with a ZrO2 (YSZ) liner might work? (be careful of thermal
expansion differences and thermal shock to the zirconia)
Gregg
Uncle Al
Posted: Tue Oct 07, 2003 1:17 pm
Guest
Tim Worstall wrote:
Quote:

"Gregg" <gcrume@adelphia.net> wrote in message news:<Efpfb.1715$qj6.1334154@news1.news.adelphia.net>...
"Gordon Couger" <gcouger@NOSPAMprovalue.net> wrote in message
news:YGlfb.61$%o6.1@news1.central.cox.net...

"Triple G" <ms0u108b@liv.ac.uk> wrote in message
news:de33f981.0310030140.d5729b7@posting.google.com...
I am looking to try and melt metals in a domestic microwave for this I
need to use a ceramic mould which can absorb microwaves. I just
wondered whether anyone can tell me which ceramics are best at
absorbing microwaves and whether anyone has any ideas as to what the
composition of the mould should be in order to achieve this.

http://home.c2i.net/metaphor/mvpage.html shows how to make small melts to
1,000 c.

Gordon


Interesting Web page ! - you are a brave soul !
I watched others try to sinter ceramics in domestic microwaves - from a safe
distance - the stuff that doesn't work can be very entertaining
Magnetite - alumina refractoriness that I saw tested had a tendency to
runaway with spectacular results. (small portions would melt right through
the microwave bottom and the counter top and the cupboard bottom)
They did a lot of work on microwave sintering of ceramics at ORNL - let me
know if you want references.
The susceptibility of SiC decreases with temperature - it makes for nice
controlled heating.
Yittria stabilized zirconia is a good suseptor once it's heated and it's
commonly used for induction heating applications.

You seem to know a lot about YSZ.....so a probably stupid question for
you.
Leaving aside all the cost questions, oculd there be any advantage to
using scandia stabilised zirconia instead of yttria ?

Two issues must be immediately addressed:

1) The trace yttria controls zirconia phase transition dynamics,
toughening the ceramic by squeezing shut propagating cracks by
triggered pahe transition or making the cubic phase persistent
(gems). Trace calcia works for CZ gems, but it is inferior to
yttria. Scandia only works if it works.

2) Oxygen chemical activity (fugacity) and additive solubility.
Skull melting uses slightly oxygen-deficient zirconia as a good
susceptor. Any lattice toughening or stablizing additive must remain
as the oxide and be randomly dispersed in the zirconia lattice.

http://www.wpi.edu/Pubs/ETD/Available/etd-0428103-235205/
unrestricted/hwoodward.pdf
Page 10
NGK Spark Plug Co., Ltd. has published

Why not go for the gusto? How 'bout Sc-stabilized SiAlON ceramics?

--
Uncle Al
http://www.mazepath.com/uncleal/
(Toxic URL! Unsafe for children and most mammals)
"Quis custodiet ipsos custodes?" The Net!
Gregg
Posted: Wed Oct 08, 2003 3:39 am
Guest
You certainly gave food for thought-
I'm torn between starting a pissing match (which can cause delays) or
waiting until the next Delbertish thing comes along that isn't as important.
I'll definitely show your response to several co-workers who have had
problems with him.
Thanks,
Gregg
"Gordon Couger" <gcouger@NOSPAMprovalue.net> wrote in message
news:9Fwgb.19456$%o6.8629@news1.central.cox.net...
Quote:
They give the job of safety engineer to someone that is incapable of doing
anything else after he has been brain washed to makes sure all common
sense
he might have had has been erased.

Write up the safety engineer as prescribing an unsafe installation. Tell
the
distraction that you will not assume any liability for a installation that
you know to be unsafe because of faulty design and will require all people
working in the lab to sign a wavier informing them of the unsafe
installation. The safety engineer is not untouchable. To keep from making
him look like the fool his is make a short run of high pressure tubing and
put in a T to dump the pressure into a safe area.


I don't know what the fallout of being right is over this but you can beat
city hall the price may be more than you are willing to pay.

Actually an orifice on the high pressure side slightly larger than will
allow you maxim flow and pressure will make the whole thing fail safe so
no
high pressure can escape through failed controls.

I see people that want to put a cut off valve on a rubber people line at
the
burner on a furnace instead of the tank. If anything ever happens and they
cut off the valve at the burner and the hose burns thought the fire is
between them and the tank. If the only cutoff valve and regulator is at
the
tank they will be at the tank to regulate the flame and shut down the
valve
in case of a problem and there will be no risk of a fire from a broken
hose
at all. How every they can not see it that way.

With the background today's students have they are dangerous with a
feather
duster. Very few have any experience at all. Many don't know what work is
they have never seen any. And they have never done any thing that involves
safety. Schools have sanitize there programs to the point that the rough
spots in the sidewalks are inspected once a week so the poor darlings
don't
stump their toe.


Gordon
"Gregg" <gcrume@adelphia.net> wrote in message
news:Hh3gb.35475$qj6.1978041@news1.news.adelphia.net...
snip-
The save distance part is the key to anything you do. My neighbor made
substantial amounts of nitro glycerin in the 50's using mechanically
remote
controlled mixing in 55 gallon barrels of ice water from behind an
earthen
berm. The mistakes were spectacular but harmless. I drove by the farm
he
was
did it on a couple of weeks ago and most of the evidence is grown over
now.


Gordon Couger
Stillwater, OK
www.couger.com/gcouger


Funny you should mention what it takes to be safe
I wish you were around when I was in grad school - to lecture some of
the
students.
There is nothing so reassuring as walking into a lab and being surprised
by
a brightly glowing microwave on the other side of the door.
Or running to a room because a grad student is screaming at another
student
who is about to pour 20% HF in a sink to clean glass ware.
On the other end of the spectrum - I just had a go around at work about
safety - I have to hook a CO2 cylinder up to a piece of equipment.
I wanted to hook up a flow regulator (small flows 10 liters an hour at ~

5psi pressure) - no problem right? - 5 minute job right?
The safety engineer (I use that term loosely) said a flow regulator and
two
pressure relief valves were not enough We needed a line capable of
holding
700psi from the tank to the equipment - in case the regulator and safety
valves failed (and I was the one who had to insist on a portable CO2
monitor)- now this line runs into tygon tubing ???
If - and I mean if -the regulator and the pressure relief valves fail
all
at
once - the line will blow up in the operator's face instead of back at
the
tank - 10ft away. This job will cost $1000's and it's been a couple of
months so far and I'm still waiting. (by the way this is an A priority
project)
Dilbert lives,
Gregg



Gregg
Posted: Wed Oct 08, 2003 3:49 am
Guest
"Uncle Al" <UncleAl0@hate.spam.net> wrote in message
news:3F831141.1D0896A3@hate.spam.net...
Quote:
Tim Worstall wrote:

"Gregg" <gcrume@adelphia.net> wrote in message
news:<Efpfb.1715$qj6.1334154@news1.news.adelphia.net>...
"Gordon Couger" <gcouger@NOSPAMprovalue.net> wrote in message
news:YGlfb.61$%o6.1@news1.central.cox.net...

"Triple G" <ms0u108b@liv.ac.uk> wrote in message
news:de33f981.0310030140.d5729b7@posting.google.com...
I am looking to try and melt metals in a domestic microwave for
this I
need to use a ceramic mould which can absorb microwaves. I just
wondered whether anyone can tell me which ceramics are best at
absorbing microwaves and whether anyone has any ideas as to what
the
composition of the mould should be in order to achieve this.

http://home.c2i.net/metaphor/mvpage.html shows how to make small
melts to
1,000 c.

Gordon


Interesting Web page ! - you are a brave soul !
I watched others try to sinter ceramics in domestic microwaves - from
a safe
distance - the stuff that doesn't work can be very entertaining
Magnetite - alumina refractoriness that I saw tested had a tendency to
runaway with spectacular results. (small portions would melt right
through
the microwave bottom and the counter top and the cupboard bottom)
They did a lot of work on microwave sintering of ceramics at ORNL -
let me
know if you want references.
The susceptibility of SiC decreases with temperature - it makes for
nice
controlled heating.
Yittria stabilized zirconia is a good suseptor once it's heated and
it's
commonly used for induction heating applications.

You seem to know a lot about YSZ.....so a probably stupid question for
you.
Leaving aside all the cost questions, oculd there be any advantage to
using scandia stabilised zirconia instead of yttria ?

Two issues must be immediately addressed:

1) The trace yttria controls zirconia phase transition dynamics,
toughening the ceramic by squeezing shut propagating cracks by
triggered pahe transition or making the cubic phase persistent
(gems). Trace calcia works for CZ gems, but it is inferior to
yttria. Scandia only works if it works.

2) Oxygen chemical activity (fugacity) and additive solubility.
Skull melting uses slightly oxygen-deficient zirconia as a good
susceptor. Any lattice toughening or stablizing additive must remain
as the oxide and be randomly dispersed in the zirconia lattice.

http://www.wpi.edu/Pubs/ETD/Available/etd-0428103-235205/
unrestricted/hwoodward.pdf
Page 10
NGK Spark Plug Co., Ltd. has published

Why not go for the gusto? How 'bout Sc-stabilized SiAlON ceramics?

--
Uncle Al
http://www.mazepath.com/uncleal/
(Toxic URL! Unsafe for children and most mammals)
"Quis custodiet ipsos custodes?" The Net!

To prevent confusion:
the ziconia should be fully stabilized (100% cubic) for induction use and
have a large grain size.
Do not specify the partially stabilized or transformation toughened
material.

Gregg
Tim Worstall
Posted: Thu Oct 09, 2003 5:07 am
Guest
"Gregg" <gcrume@adelphia.net> wrote in message news:<05Rgb.77813$qj6.2662144@news1.news.adelphia.net>...
Quote:
"Uncle Al" <UncleAl0@hate.spam.net> wrote in message
news:3F831141.1D0896A3@hate.spam.net...
Tim Worstall wrote:

"Gregg" <gcrume@adelphia.net> wrote in message
news:<Efpfb.1715$qj6.1334154@news1.news.adelphia.net>...
"Gordon Couger" <gcouger@NOSPAMprovalue.net> wrote in message
news:YGlfb.61$%o6.1@news1.central.cox.net...

"Triple G" <ms0u108b@liv.ac.uk> wrote in message
news:de33f981.0310030140.d5729b7@posting.google.com...
I am looking to try and melt metals in a domestic microwave for
this I
need to use a ceramic mould which can absorb microwaves. I just
wondered whether anyone can tell me which ceramics are best at
absorbing microwaves and whether anyone has any ideas as to what
the
composition of the mould should be in order to achieve this.

http://home.c2i.net/metaphor/mvpage.html shows how to make small
melts to
1,000 c.

Gordon


Interesting Web page ! - you are a brave soul !
I watched others try to sinter ceramics in domestic microwaves - from
a safe
distance - the stuff that doesn't work can be very entertaining
Magnetite - alumina refractoriness that I saw tested had a tendency to
runaway with spectacular results. (small portions would melt right
through
the microwave bottom and the counter top and the cupboard bottom)
They did a lot of work on microwave sintering of ceramics at ORNL -
let me
know if you want references.
The susceptibility of SiC decreases with temperature - it makes for
nice
controlled heating.
Yittria stabilized zirconia is a good suseptor once it's heated and
it's
commonly used for induction heating applications.

You seem to know a lot about YSZ.....so a probably stupid question for
you.
Leaving aside all the cost questions, oculd there be any advantage to
using scandia stabilised zirconia instead of yttria ?

Two issues must be immediately addressed:

1) The trace yttria controls zirconia phase transition dynamics,
toughening the ceramic by squeezing shut propagating cracks by
triggered pahe transition or making the cubic phase persistent
(gems). Trace calcia works for CZ gems, but it is inferior to
yttria. Scandia only works if it works.

It's one of these odd little things that get propagated round the net
( and also encyclopaedias ). For years entries under uses of scandium
stated that it was used as ScN to make crucibles for Gallium
production. Unfortunately this was a misprint somehwere for SiN which
is so used : and as Columbia studies Britannica which studies Webster
which studies Columbia ( or some such go round ) for new versions, and
so few know about Sc, it just kept propagating.
There is a similar mistake with the above sources stating that " a
dilute acqueous solution of scandium is used in propagating plant
seeds "....this should read Se not Sc.
It would be one of those little ironies which I so enjoy if ScSZ were
in fact a useful material to make crucibles of.

Quote:

2) Oxygen chemical activity (fugacity) and additive solubility.
Skull melting uses slightly oxygen-deficient zirconia as a good
susceptor. Any lattice toughening or stablizing additive must remain
as the oxide and be randomly dispersed in the zirconia lattice.

The random dispersion is not a problem.
Most of the research into ScSZ has been done by the Solid Oxide Fuel
Cell guys ( with a little help on samples from us ) and ScSZ has a
higher ionic conductivity than YSZ. But I don't think that's what you
mean by fugacity ( and I'm not enough of an engineer to know exactly
what you do mean. We're several iterations of explanation away from my
knowledge base ).
One thing that has been noted is that a fully stabilised 9 mole %
Scandia, 2 mole % yttria balance zirconia ceramic does not have
cracking problems ( which ScSZ does ) as it goes through the heating
and cooling cycle from , say, 15 oC to 800 oC.
But I don't think that's of much relevance to the use of ScSz in
crucibles....it was a fairly idle question really.


Looking at this page ( I'll go through it in more detail later ) it's
talking about SOFC's as above. Latest comment on volume usage of
scandia ( from someone in SECA ) was that accumulated usage ( ie not
p.a.) from now to 2025 would be between 500 kg and 2,000 tonnes.
That does make it rather difficult to work out how large our new Sc
extraction plant should be :-)

Quote:
Page 10
NGK Spark Plug Co., Ltd. has published

Why not go for the gusto? How 'bout Sc-stabilized SiAlON ceramics?

If we build the new plant we may well be looking for such uses if
SOFC's don't take off.

Tim Worstall
Quote:

--
Uncle Al
http://www.mazepath.com/uncleal/
(Toxic URL! Unsafe for children and most mammals)
"Quis custodiet ipsos custodes?" The Net!

To prevent confusion:
the ziconia should be fully stabilized (100% cubic) for induction use and
have a large grain size.
Do not specify the partially stabilized or transformation toughened
material.

Gregg
 
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