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Lostgallifreyan
Posted: Tue Feb 20, 2007 9:23 pm
Guest
Chris Jones <lugnut808@nospam.yahoo.com> wrote in
news:12tn46bsii4u649@corp.supernews.com:

Quote:
Since cables from your multi-wart are going to drop a significant
amount of voltage anyway, I think it is not useful to attempt very
close regulation of the output voltage. In that case, it might be
quite feasible and cheap for each output of the multi-wart to be
floating with respect to all of the others, since all of outputs could
be derived from separate secondary windings on the SMPS transformer.
If it is a small flyback converter, each winding would need a diode
and a couple of capacitors, and the regulation could be based on just
one of the outputs. Each output would not have very good regulation
(but cable will ruin the regulation anyway), and the outputs would all
be isolated, permitting people to ground whatever parts they want
without the power supply causing any particular extra problem.


Nice idea. I've considered the floating output too, it allows a star
network ground without current induced voltage drops, and a cure for
polarity differences, though only up to a point. It's still possible to
common the wrong terminals through a chain of equipment, possibly with
disastrous compound failures resulting. In short, separate isolated outs
won't solve the problem of incompatibly chosen polarites, only agreement
and co-operation can do that. (Or, possibly, litigation by the those
adhering to the dominant standard against those of the other, in cases
where deliberately chosen incompatibility causes another firm to lose money
because of damage and lost customers).

The current in a grounded supply negative can cause bother, I agree, but
there are two ways to deal with it in current use. (I like bad puns). One
is a coax DC line. That lowers the negative rail resistance enormously,
reducing the voltage difference from negative to earth, and screens the
positive line which is also useful. The other is a psuedo-balanced audio
line. Even basic designs can use a common mode cancelling input to remove
the noise, and a twin core shielded by a screen that is connected at only
one end. The problem isn't really the use of a common standard with a
common ground, audio gear manufacturers deal with this all the time, and
they get by, and standards help there, the problem is when makers ignore
standards founded in good sense, like those you mention who ignore the
limits of a USB 5V line.

Re the lack of useful regulation due to line losses, I agree, which is why
I think local regulators will still be needed. My point is that it's no
longer expensive to have a small room or house local buss for 5V and 12V. A
lot of stuff will be fine plugged right in to one or the other with only
basic protection against use with the wrong buss.

I don't even think that any kind of standardisation needs to be drafted in
some kind of comittee. All it needs is some firm to start punting them out,
and people WILL buy them. It worked for the universal remote control. If
end users can get their heads round that, they'll not have much trouble
with a 12V/5V distributing board. It just needs someone willing to make
them, and then other firms will want to make sure their products will work
with them.
Don Kelly
Posted: Wed Feb 21, 2007 12:34 am
Guest
----------------------------
"Lostgallifreyan" <no-one@nowhere.net> wrote in message
news:Xns98DD313448A5Czoodlewurdle@140.99.99.130...
Quote:
Rich Grise <rich@example.net> wrote in
news:pan.2007.02.20.02.10.45.169515@example.net:

Why not just buy one that has room for wall warts?

Makes sense, but I have a totally different take on it.
Why not settle for some kind of common standard that means manufactures
can't exploit the public with high-cost warts of unusual voltage,
polarity,
whatever they can do to make their wart vital and another wart useless?

Given the amount of warts, and the amount of waste that results when they
are not needed, isn't it time some standard was set? Governments are
breathing down the necks of business, urging restraint in consumption. If
a
standard were made, people would get used to a single outlet with maybe 5V
and 12V and a slightly different conenctor for each, like the DC jacks
with
2.1 mm or 2.5 mm plugs. Imstead of warts, there's by small cables and
plugs, cheap and standard, and a single strong PSU with a meter that let
the user know if they were taxing it too much. It would always outlast the
products it drove, and the product could always be plugged into a similar
PSU anywhere.

In short, co-operation is better than conflict if waste is to be avoided.
The electronics world is full of successful standardizations like mains
voltages, plug shapes, MIDI and other protocols based on specific
connectors and signals. Sure, there are also obvious incomptibilites, but
compared to those, the wall wart situation is a disgraceful rabble.

I usually avoid them by buying stuff that will take an IEC mains
connector.
When I can't avoid them, I look for 12V or 5V capability, DC, postive on
centre pin. If it won't take that, then the only way I'll buy it is if
there is no alternative, and sometimes I'll modify it so it CAN use a
standard PSU I have lying around, so I can avoid relying on something that
is usually tatty, feeble, and expensive to replace with exact type.

Most people would welcome a standard low-volt buss for home and office
wiring. It works for boats, cars, planes, trains, wtf does it not work for
houses? Obviously it can, so it should, and the waste dreck of plastic and
steel would visibly decline within months of establishing it.

/rant.
-----------

Lets see. 12V DC wiring over what distances? In a car it appears OK but with
the increasing electrical loads in cars, there is serious consideration of
higher voltages for cars. In a house, or in other than small aircraft and
definitely not in trains- something like 12V is simply too expensive in
terms of material costs and weight. The problem is that to get something
sufficient to supply my computer, monitor, printer, scanner, speakers etc.
requires a dedicated circuit equivalent, in terms of wiring, to at least 3
standard 15A circuits (based on 180 watts at 15A, 12V). That is for
equipment located at one place and doesn't allow for devices elsewhere . You
will still need a converter and will also require more expensive circuit
breakers than 120V AC needs. There is also the problem that, for most of
us, with more existing house than retrofit funds, this centralized approach
is out of reach.

Note that mains voltage and plug standardization (or standardisation
depending on the countries involved) have nothing to do with "electronics"
standardisation except that the power utility standardizations determined
the sources that the electronics industry standardized to. Note that the
former "electronics" standardization of 117V (apparently +/- zilch) was a
fiction that led to poor designs that couldn't handle normal variations in
line voltage. The problem was resolved when it was realized by both
utilities and electronics designers that there were normal variations along
with one hell of a lot of crap coming in on the lines.

Maybe wall warts aren't that bad- admittedly standardization of plugs and
voltages is needed along with elimination of "in-between" sizes.

rant returned with another rant Smile.
--

Don Kelly dhky@shawcross.ca
remove the X to answer
Lostgallifreyan
Posted: Wed Feb 21, 2007 12:59 am
Guest
"Don Kelly" <dhky@shaw.ca> wrote in
news:eZPCh.1066718$1T2.985600@pd7urf2no:

Quote:
Lets see. 12V DC wiring over what distances? In a car it appears OK
but with the increasing electrical loads in cars, there is serious
consideration of higher voltages for cars. In a house, or in other
than small aircraft and definitely not in trains- something like 12V
is simply too expensive in terms of material costs and weight.

10 feet? One per room, on average. Considering the stupid proliferation of
warts that is why this thread even exists, that seems like a good scale to
work with. The total wiring thickness and length on that scale would be no
worse than the wiring currently bringing low-volt lines out of those warts.
Most of them are in one location, concentrated near a hi-fi or a computer,
or a bed. People like to organise when things get out of hand, especially
when the disorder is always in close proximity.

The 'buss' need not be any bigger than a mains 4-way plug strip. You could
fit a 200W PSU and lots of connectors on that, with a cost below £25, which
given the wart count reduction, is a good spend.

I agree with you about cars though, a lot of high currents there, it would
save a lot of metal in switches and wires to use 24V. More is NOT a good
idea. In a crash, there's enough deal with without adding electrocution.

This is my rant. There are others like it, but this one is mine. >Smile
Peter A Forbes
Posted: Wed Feb 21, 2007 3:14 am
Guest
On Tue, 20 Feb 2007 20:05:56 GMT, "Homer J Simpson" <nobody@nowhere.com> wrote:

Quote:

"Bud--" <remove.BudNews@isp.com> wrote in message
news:da2ea$45db3feb$4213eb86$2385@DIALUPUSA.NET...

When MOVs fail they can overheat.

Or shoot flames out of the top!

Or explode. We had some large block MOV's across some electrolytics in a big
620V 150A power supply/charger. Occasionally we would get a start-up spike from
the thyristor bridge that popped one, huge flash and bang and lots of smoke.

Eventually found some high voltage elco's that obviated the need for the MOV's
in the first place. The original elco's were failing through spikes which is why
the MOV's were fitted!

Peter
--
Peter & Rita Forbes
Email: diesel@easynet.co.uk
Web: http://www.oldengine.org/members/diesel
Peter A Forbes
Posted: Wed Feb 21, 2007 3:21 am
Guest
On Tue, 20 Feb 2007 04:50:14 GMT, Lostgallifreyan <no-one@nowhere.net> wrote:


Quote:
Makes sense, but I have a totally different take on it.
Why not settle for some kind of common standard that means manufactures
can't exploit the public with high-cost warts of unusual voltage, polarity,
whatever they can do to make their wart vital and another wart useless?

Looking under my desk, I see that we have a total of 12 X 240V 13A sockets, all
occupied with various PC-related devices, plug-top PSU's taking half that number
for the network router, modem, network switch, scanner and so on.

Given that we have a decent sized PSU in the PC itself, why not have an
auxiliary output from there to power all these PC-related items?

A daisy-chained PSU lead could then run to all external devices.

It'll never happen, but it would save a lot of floor space.

Then there's the KVM leads.....

Peter
--
Peter & Rita Forbes
Email: diesel@easynet.co.uk
Web: http://www.oldengine.org/members/diesel
Lostgallifreyan
Posted: Wed Feb 21, 2007 1:26 pm
Guest
Peter A Forbes <diesel@easynet.co.uk> wrote in
news:8gsnt21lsf8e6mf3ucpgbs0vii98fnu1b0@4ax.com:

Quote:
Looking under my desk, I see that we have a total of 12 X 240V 13A
sockets, all occupied with various PC-related devices, plug-top PSU's
taking half that number for the network router, modem, network switch,
scanner and so on.

Given that we have a decent sized PSU in the PC itself, why not have
an auxiliary output from there to power all these PC-related items?

A daisy-chained PSU lead could then run to all external devices.

It'll never happen, but it would save a lot of floor space.

Then there's the KVM leads.....



Given tht most of the computer stuff might be same voltage, same polarity,
why not? Smile An hour with a soldering iron and a stanley knife might be
enough to help that lot. I think I'd do it if it were tangling round my
feet.

Fitting a small row of DC jacks in a slot cover might be a great widget for
some firm to sell to computer users. I think they'd get sales, so long as
people can also buy ready made connecting lines. I wish the 2.1 and 2.5 mm
DC plugs were better designed; and the plug end is a very poor design for
making a chassis mounted part. I suppose there's no problem with having
sockets for inlets AND outlets though, same as with audio jacks.

Re KVM, good point, I've been contemplating replacing a KVM with a network
software based control system, like VNC, PC Anywhere or Kaseya. Not exactly
'thought' as looked wishfully in their general direction. KVM allows real
mode DOS without complications, so I'm not likely to replace it.
Lostgallifreyan
Posted: Wed Feb 21, 2007 1:34 pm
Guest
Peter A Forbes <diesel@easynet.co.uk> wrote in
news:v4snt2dniv0h0tett1q96okmk6tvqmtspr@4ax.com:

Quote:
On Tue, 20 Feb 2007 20:05:56 GMT, "Homer J Simpson"
nobody@nowhere.com> wrote:


"Bud--" <remove.BudNews@isp.com> wrote in message
news:da2ea$45db3feb$4213eb86$2385@DIALUPUSA.NET...

When MOVs fail they can overheat.

Or shoot flames out of the top!

Or explode. We had some large block MOV's across some electrolytics in
a big 620V 150A power supply/charger. Occasionally we would get a
start-up spike from the thyristor bridge that popped one, huge flash
and bang and lots of smoke.


MOV = Metal Oxide Varistor?
I thought those were supposed to be a really neat idea... Can they be
redeemed by adding a series resistance designed to take the full current if
the MOV goes shorted, or would that just allow what they're meant to
prevent?
Right now they seem to look more like a detonator than a part with any real
usefulness.
Tzortzakakis Dimitrios
Posted: Wed Feb 21, 2007 3:57 pm
Guest
? "ehsjr" <ehsjr@bellatlantic.net> ?????? ??? ??????
news:8JoCh.4994$lo1.271@trndny05...
Quote:

Power Strip Liberator

I believe this product has been mentioned before
in the newsgroups. It's good enough that it bears
repeating. It is a ~1' long extension cord, that
allows you to plug a wall wart in without covering
other outlets on your power strip. You can have your
DSL modem, router, amplified speaker and whatever
else all plugged in to a strip, with the other strip
receptacles still accessible. Cyberguys (link below)
sells them, as well as other places.

http://www.cyberguys.com/templates/searchdetail.asp?productID=1757

Ed
With that money, I can get 5 plugs and five females and 5' of cable and make

myself 5 "liberators".Nice idea,though;-)
(I have a simple, 5 euros switched wall-wart so that none of my gear is
under voltage when not in use).




--
Tzortzakakis Dimitrios
major in electrical engineering
mechanized infantry reservist
dimtzort AT otenet DOT gr
Peter A Forbes
Posted: Wed Feb 21, 2007 4:18 pm
Guest
On Wed, 21 Feb 2007 17:26:50 GMT, Lostgallifreyan <no-one@nowhere.net> wrote:


Quote:
Re KVM, good point, I've been contemplating replacing a KVM with a network
software based control system, like VNC, PC Anywhere or Kaseya. Not exactly
'thought' as looked wishfully in their general direction. KVM allows real
mode DOS without complications, so I'm not likely to replace it.

Similarly we are still using DOS, mainly for CAD but still find it useful for
the occasional bit of buchery Smile)

We bought a load of new DOS 6.22 a few years ago, gradually using them up as the
floppies fail....

Peter
--
Peter & Rita Forbes
Email: diesel@easynet.co.uk
Web: http://www.oldengine.org/members/diesel
Don Kelly
Posted: Wed Feb 21, 2007 11:49 pm
Guest
"Lostgallifreyan" <no-one@nowhere.net> wrote in message
news:Xns98DE32D5DE94Fzoodlewurdle@140.99.99.130...
Quote:
"Don Kelly" <dhky@shaw.ca> wrote in
news:eZPCh.1066718$1T2.985600@pd7urf2no:

Lets see. 12V DC wiring over what distances? In a car it appears OK
but with the increasing electrical loads in cars, there is serious
consideration of higher voltages for cars. In a house, or in other
than small aircraft and definitely not in trains- something like 12V
is simply too expensive in terms of material costs and weight.

10 feet? One per room, on average. Considering the stupid proliferation of
warts that is why this thread even exists, that seems like a good scale to
work with. The total wiring thickness and length on that scale would be no
worse than the wiring currently bringing low-volt lines out of those
warts.
Most of them are in one location, concentrated near a hi-fi or a computer,
or a bed. People like to organise when things get out of hand, especially
when the disorder is always in close proximity.

The 'buss' need not be any bigger than a mains 4-way plug strip. You could
fit a 200W PSU and lots of connectors on that, with a cost below £25,
which
given the wart count reduction, is a good spend.

I agree with you about cars though, a lot of high currents there, it would
save a lot of metal in switches and wires to use 24V. More is NOT a good
idea. In a crash, there's enough deal with without adding electrocution.

This is my rant. There are others like it, but this one is mine. >Smile


Thank you, I had the impression that you were talking about a whole house
system. I assume that the room unit will be regulated as load could vary
widely. If not you could have problems which don't occur with equipment
which comes with its own wall wart designed for that particular apparatus.
--

Don Kelly dhky@shawcross.ca
remove the X to answer
----------------------------
Lostgallifreyan
Posted: Thu Feb 22, 2007 1:53 am
Guest
"Don Kelly" <dhky@shaw.ca> wrote in
news:cp8Dh.1090652$R63.576131@pd7urf1no:

Quote:
Thank you, I had the impression that you were talking about a whole
house system. I assume that the room unit will be regulated as load
could vary widely. If not you could have problems which don't occur
with equipment which comes with its own wall wart designed for that
particular apparatus.


Yes, as I said (in other posts), regulation of 5V and 12V busses would be
done. I doubt they'd have to be done independently. Devices that want other
voltages or very clean supplies would also have their own regulation.

The only specifically new part of the idea is the elimination of warts and
the waste associated with them, acheived by standardising buss voltages and
polarity, ideally positive centre pin as that's become a dominant standard
now. Things like ground loops and noisy signal lines can all be cured by
current good practise.

The idea is not in conflict with many good practises, if any, it's only the
adherence to bad ones that perpetuates problems. Most successful hardware
protocols are those that were established before counterproductive
conventions could trouble them. This one could still succeed because of the
increasing number of small low-volt devices. A sprawling mains buss is
awkward and dangerous, and a few house fires will dramatically hammer home
the truth of this false economy to a public that will then buy eagerly from
whoever is making a safer alternative.
Peter A Forbes
Posted: Thu Feb 22, 2007 4:09 am
Guest
On Wed, 21 Feb 2007 17:34:37 GMT, Lostgallifreyan <no-one@nowhere.net> wrote:

Quote:
Peter A Forbes <diesel@easynet.co.uk> wrote in
news:v4snt2dniv0h0tett1q96okmk6tvqmtspr@4ax.com:

On Tue, 20 Feb 2007 20:05:56 GMT, "Homer J Simpson"
nobody@nowhere.com> wrote:


"Bud--" <remove.BudNews@isp.com> wrote in message
news:da2ea$45db3feb$4213eb86$2385@DIALUPUSA.NET...

When MOVs fail they can overheat.

Or shoot flames out of the top!

Or explode. We had some large block MOV's across some electrolytics in
a big 620V 150A power supply/charger. Occasionally we would get a
start-up spike from the thyristor bridge that popped one, huge flash
and bang and lots of smoke.


MOV = Metal Oxide Varistor?
I thought those were supposed to be a really neat idea... Can they be
redeemed by adding a series resistance designed to take the full current if
the MOV goes shorted, or would that just allow what they're meant to
prevent?
Right now they seem to look more like a detonator than a part with any real
usefulness.

They are useful, up to a point. They don't exhibit a great tolerance to spikes
as we found out, and it is difficult to assess their performance in-circuit.

If the source impedance is very low then they are definitely the weakest part of
the protection chain.

Interesting that in each case (3 separate failures) the actual failure mode was
identical, the body blew open and red-hot parts went like shrapnel through the
equipment cabinet, that was the most worrying part.

The 620V charger is at: http://www.prepair.co.uk/100kWChgr.htm

Peter
--
Peter & Rita Forbes
Email: diesel@easynet.co.uk
Web: http://www.oldengine.org/members/diesel
w_tom
Posted: Fri Feb 23, 2007 12:52 pm
Guest
On Feb 22, 3:09 am, Peter A Forbes <die...@easynet.co.uk> wrote:
Quote:
They are useful, up to a point. They don't exhibit a great tolerance to spikes
as we found out, and it is difficult to assess their performance in-circuit.

If the source impedance is very low then they are definitely the weakest part of
the protection chain.

Interesting that in each case (3 separate failures) the actual failure mode was
identical, the body blew open and red-hot parts went like shrapnel through the
equipment cabinet, that was the most worrying part.

MOVs that vaporize or explode are grossly undersized for the task.
MOVs must become conductive (shunt) and remain functional. MOVs have
tremendous tolerance for transients. But MOV manufacturers also
provide charts that relate current, length of transient, and number of
transient to life expectancy.

How does an MOV fail? Its threshold voltage degrades by 10%.
Vaporization occurs when the MOV operates on curves that are far off
the chart - well beyond what the manufacturer intended. Vaporization
(one shot usage) occurs where MOVs are grossly undersized such as in
many power strip protectors. Vaporization promotes sales among the
naive.

VI curves for MOVs obviously make them poor for transient protection
across an electrolytic. Again, look at how they work. Voltage
increases significantly as the current increases. But electrolytic
capacitors have a narrow region between operational voltage and
destructive voltage.

Protection for the electrolytic is part of an integrated system that
includes series mode protection such as EMI/RFI filters and other
parts. This integrated protection makes appliances so resilient that
a 120 volt appliance will even withstand a short 600 volt spike
without damage. Are larger spikes occurring? Then those much be
earthed back at the building entrance so that the transient does not
overwhelm protection inside all electronics.

Can we put additional shunt mode protection across electrolytics?
Well, first the current size (not voltage) and time of that transient
must be determined. Again, functions defined by the series mode
filters, et al currently installed. To obtain effective protection
in the narrow range between operational voltage and destructive
voltage, components such as Transzorbs or overvoltage crowbars should
be considered.

Meanwhile, learn the VI curves and life expectancy curves for MOVs.
And notice the absolute maximum ratings. The exploding MOV must be
well outside those maximum rating - a violation of manufacturer's
specs.
 
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