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 Posted: Mon Aug 04, 2008 6:10 am |
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Did the religion of Islam completely eradicate Arab paganism?
Sam Shamoun
Muslims claim that they are expressly forbidden from joining partners with
Allah:
Lo! Allah forgiveth not that a partner should be ascribed unto Him. He
forgiveth (all) save that to whom He will. Whoso ascribeth partners to
Allah, he hath indeed invented a tremendous sin. S. 4:48 Pickthall
Narrated Anas bin Malik:
The Prophet said, "The biggest of Al-Kaba'ir (the great sins) are (1) to
join others as partners in worship with Allah, (2) to murder a human being,
(3) to be undutiful to one's parents (4) and to make a false statement," or
said, "to give a false witness." (Sahih al-Bukhari, Volume 9, Book 83,
Number 10)
Narrated 'Ubada bin As-Samit:
I, along with a group of people, gave the pledge of allegiance to Allah's
Apostle. He said, "I take your pledge on the condition that you (1) will not
join partners in worship with Allah, (2) will not steal, (3) will not commit
illegal sexual intercourse, (4) will not kill your offspring, (5) will not
slander, (6) and will not disobey me when I order you to do good. Whoever
among you will abide by his pledge, his reward will be with Allah, and
whoever commits any of those sins and receives the punishment in this world,
that punishment will be an expiation for his sins and purification; but if
Allah screens him, then it will be up to Allah to punish him if He will or
excuse Him, if He will." (Sahih al-Bukhari, Volume 9, Book 93, Number 560)
The reality, however, is that Allah has made Muhammad his partner:
Qatada said, "Allah exalted his fame in this world and the Next. There is
no speaker, witness nor anyone doing the prayer who fails to say, 'There is
no god but Allah and Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah.'"
Abu Sa'id al-Khudri related that the Prophet said, "Jibril, peace be upon
him, came to me and said, 'My Lord and your Lord says, 'Do you know how I
have exalted your fame?"' I said, 'Allah and His Messenger know best.' He
said, 'When I am mentioned you are mentioned with Me.'"
Ibn 'Ata quoted a hadith qudsi saying, "I completed belief with your being
mentioned with Me." And another one which says, "I have made your mention
part of My mention so whoever mentions Me, mentions you."
Ja'far ibn Muhammad as-Sadiq, "No one mentions you as the Messenger but
that he mentions Me as the Lord."
The fact that mention of the Prophet is directly connected to mention of
Allah also shows that obedience to the Prophet is connected to obedience to
Allah and his name to Allah's name. Allah says, "Obey Allah and His
Messenger" (2:32) and "Believe in Allah and His Messenger." (4:136) Allah
joins them together using the conjunction wa WHICH IS THE CONJUNCTION OF
PARTNERSHIP. IT IS NOT PERMITTED TO USE THIS CONJUNCTION IN CONNECTION WITH
ALLAH IN THE CASE OF ANYONE EXCEPT THE PROPHET.
Hudhayfa said that the Prophet said, "None of you should say, 'What Allah
wills and (wa) so-and-so wills.' Rather say, 'What Allah wills.' Then stop
and say, 'So-and-so wills.'"
Al-Khattabi said, "The Prophet has guided you to correct behaviour in
putting the will of Allah before the will of others. He chose 'then'
(thumma) which implies sequence and deference as opposed to 'and' (wa) WHICH
IMPLIES PARTNERSHIP."
Something similar is mentioned in another hadith. Someone was speaking in
the presence of the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, and
said, "Whoever obeys Allah and His Messenger has been rightly guided, and
whoever rebels against them both (joining them together by using the dual
form) ." The Prophet said to him, "What a bad speaker you are! Get up! [Or
he said: Get out!]"
Abu Sulayman said, "He disliked the two names being joined together in
that way BECAUSE IT IMPLIES EQUALITY." . (Qadi Iyad Ibn Musa al-Yahsubi,
Kitab Ash-shifa bi ta'rif huquq al-Mustafa (Healing by the recognition of
the Rights of the Chosen One), translated by Aisha Abdarrahman Bewley
[Madinah Press, Inverness, Scotland, U.K., third reprint 1991, paperback],
pp. 7-8; bold and capital emphasis ours)
". He coupled his name with His own name, and his pleasure with His
pleasure. He made him one of the two pillars of tawhid." (Ibid., p. 27)
Ibn 'Abbas said, "Written on the door of the Garden is: I am Allah. There
is no god but Me. Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah. I will not punish
anyone who says that." (Ibid., p. 90)
Muslims also claim that they worship and pray only to Allah:
Say: O People of the Scripture! Come to an agreement between us and you:
that we shall worship none but Allah, and that we shall ascribe no partner
unto Him, and that none of us shall take others for lords beside Allah. And
if they turn away, then say: Bear witness that we are they who have
surrendered (unto Him). S. 3:64 Pickthall
Say: 'My prayer, my ritual sacrifice, my living, my dying -- all belongs
to God, the Lord of all Being. S. 6:162 Arberry
And verily, if you ask them: "Who created the heavens and the earth?"
Surely, they will say: "Allah (has created them)." Say: "Tell me then, the
things that you invoke besides Allah, if Allah intended some harm for me,
could they remove His harm, or if He (Allah) intended some mercy for me,
could they withhold His Mercy?" Say: "Sufficient for me is Allah; in Him
those who trust (i.e. believers) must put their trust." S. 39:38 Hilali-Khan
And who is more astray than one who calls (invokes) besides God, such as
will not answer him till the Day of Resurrection, and who are (even) unaware
of their calls (invocations) to them? And when mankind are gathered (on the
Day of Resurrection), they (false deities) will become enemies for them and
will deny their worshipping (bi'ibadatihim). S. 46:5-6 Hilali-Khan
The reality, however, is that Muhammad included himself in Islamic worship
by commanding Muslims to address him directly in their prayers:
Narrated Shaqiq bin Salama:
'Abdullah said, "Whenever we prayed behind the Prophet we used to recite
(in sitting) 'Peace be on Gabriel, Michael, peace be on so and so. Once
Allah's Apostle looked back at us and said, 'Allah Himself is As-Salam
(Peace), and if anyone of you prays then he should say, At-Tahiyatu lil-lahi
wassalawatu wat-taiyibatu. As-Salamu 'ALAIKA aiyuha-n-Nabiyu wa
rahmatu-l-lahi wa barakatuhu. As-Salam alaina wa ala ibadil-lah is-salihin.
(All the compliments, prayers and good things are due to Allah: peace be on
YOU, O Prophet and Allah's mercy and blessings be on you. Peace be on us and
on the true pious slaves of Allah). (If you say that, it will be for all the
slaves in the heaven and the earth). Ash-hadu an la-ilaha illa-l-lahu wa
ash-hadu anna Muhammadan 'abduhu wa Rasuluhu. (I testify that none has the
right to be worshipped but Allah and I also testify that Muhammad is His
slave and His Apostle)." (Sahih al-Bukhari, Volume 1, Book 12, Number 794)
Ibn 'Abbas reported: The Messenger of Allah used to teach us tashahhud
just as he used to teach us a Sura of the Qur'an, and he would say: All
services rendered by words, acts of worship, and all good things are due to
Allah. Peace be upon YOU, O Prophet, and Allah's mercy and blessings. Peace
be upon us and upon Allah's upright servants. I testify that there is no god
but Allah, and I testify that Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah. In the
narration of Ibn Rumb (the words are): "As he would teach us the Qur'an."
(Sahih Muslim, Book 004, Number 0798)
Muslims even prayed to Muhammad long after his death, seeking his
intercession:
Tirmidhi relates, through his chain of narrators from 'Uthman ibn Hunayf,
that a blind man came to the Prophet (Allah bless him and give him peace)
and said, "I've been afflicted in my eyesight, so please pray to Allah for
me." The Prophet (Allah bless him and grant him peace) said: "Go make
ablution (wudu), perform two rak'as of prayer, and then say:
"Oh Allah, I ask You and turn to You through my Prophet Muhammad, the
Prophet of mercy; O MUHAMMAD (YA MUHAMMAD), I SEEK YOUR INTERCESSION with my
Lord for the return of my eyesight [and in another version: "for my need,
that it may be fulfilled. O Allah, grant him intercession for me"]."
The Prophet (Allah bless him and give him peace) added, "And if there is
some need, do the same." (Ahmad ibn Naqib al-Misri, Reliance of the
Traveller: The Classic Manual of Islamic Sacred Law (Umdat Al-Salik) in
Arabic with facing English text, Commentary and Appendices, edited and
translated by Nuh Hah Mim Keller [Amana Corporation; Revised edition , July
1, 1997], w40.3, p. 935; bold and capital emphasis ours)
And:
Moreover, Tabarani, in his "al-Mu'jam al saghir," reports a hadith from
'Uthman ibn Hunayf that a man repeatedly visited Uthman ibn Affan (Allah be
pleased with him) concerning something he needed, but Uthman paid no
attention to him or his need. The man met Ibn Hunayf and complained to him
about the matter - this being after the death (wisal) of the Prophet (Allah
bless him and give him peace) and after the caliphates of Abu Bakr and
Umar - so Uthman ibn Hunayf, who was one of the Companions who collected
hadiths and was learned in the religion of Allah, said: "Go to the place of
ablution and perform ablution (wudu), then come to the mosque, perform two
rak'as of prayer therein, and say:
'O Allah, I ask You and turn to You through our Prophet Muhammad, the
Prophet of mercy; O MUHAMMAD (YA MUHAMMAD), I TURN THROUGH YOU to my Lord,
that He may fulfill my need,' and mention your need. Then come so that I can
go with you [to the caliph Uthman]." So the man left and did as he had been
told, then went to the door of Uthman ibn Affan (Allah be pleased with him),
and the doorman came, took him by the hand, brought him to Uthman ibn Affan,
and seated him next to him on a cushion. 'Uthman asked, "What do you need?"
and the man mentioned what he wanted, and Uthman accomplished it for him,
then he said, "I hadn't remembered your need until just now," adding,
"Whenever you need something, just mention it." Then, the man departed, met
Uthman ibn Hunayf, and said to him, "May Allah reward you! He didn't see to
my need or pay any attention to me until you spoke with him." Uthman ibn
Hunayf replied, "By Allah, I didn't speak to him, but I have seen a blind
man come to the Messenger of Allah (Allah bless him and give him peace) and
complain to him of the loss of his eyesight. The Prophet (Allah bless him
and give him peace) said, "Can you not bear it?' and the man replied, 'O
Messenger of Allah, I do not have anyone to lead me around, and it is a
great hardship for me.' The Prophet (Allah bless him and grant him peace)
told him, 'Go to the place of ablution and perform ablution (wudu), then
pray two rak'as of prayer and make the supplications.'" Ibn Hunayf went on,
"By Allah, we didn't part company or speak long before the man returned to
us as if nothing had ever been wrong with him."
This is an explicit, unequivocal text from a prophetic Companion proving
the legal validity of tawassul through the dead. The account has been
classified AS RIGOROUSLY AUTHENTICATED (SAHIH) by Baihaqi, Mundhiri, and
Haythami. (Ibid., w40.4, pp. 936-937; source; bold and capital emphasis
ours)
Muslims further claim that Islam prohibits all images and idols and that
Muhammad came to eradicate idolatry:
Narrated Abdullah:
When the Prophet entered Mecca on the day of the Conquest, there were 360
idols around the Ka'ba. The Prophet started striking them with a stick he
had in his hand and was saying, "Truth has come and Falsehood will neither
start nor will it reappear." (Sahih al-Bukhari, Volume 5, Book 59, Number
583)
The reality, however, is that Muhammad venerated and kissed the black stone,
an explicit act of idolatry:
Narrated 'Abis bin Rabia: 'Umar came near the Black Stone and kissed it
and said "No doubt, I know that you are a stone and can neither benefit
anyone nor harm anyone. Had I not seen Allah's Apostle kissing you I would
not have kissed you." (Sahih al-Bukhari, Volume 2, Book 26, Number 667)
Narrated Salim that his father said: I saw Allah's Apostle arriving at
Mecca; he kissed the Black Stone Corner first while doing Tawaf and did
ramal in the first three rounds of the seven rounds (of Tawaf). (Sahih
al-Bukhari, Volume 2, Book 26, Number 673; see also 675, 676, 679, 680)
The fact is that Islam didn't eradicate idolatry altogether, but simply
replaced the paganism of Mecca with its own version of polytheism.
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The Deification of Muhammad
Articles by Sam Shamoun
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