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PHYSICAL PROOF of the 9/11 INSIDE JOB...

Author Message
Freedom Man...
Posted: Fri Oct 23, 2009 1:37 pm
Guest
http://www.globalresearch.ca/index.php?context=va&aid=13049
Global Research, April 3, 2009

Below is the Abstract, Introduction and Conclusions of this important and
carefully researched article. The complete article can be downloaded (pdf)

Active Thermitic Material Discovered in Dust from the 9/11 World Trade
Center Catastrophe

pp.7-31 (25)
Authors: Niels H. Harrit, Jeffrey Farrer, Steven E. Jones, Kevin R.Ryan,
Frank M. Legge, Daniel Farnsworth, Gregg Roberts, James R.Gourley, Bradley
R. Larsen

The Open Chemical Physics Journal
Volume 2
ISSN: 1874-4125
doi: 10.2174/1874412500902010007

Complete Article
http://www.bentham-open.org/pages/content.php?TOCPJ/2009/00000002/00000001/7TOCPJ.SGM

Abstract:

We have discovered distinctive red/gray chips in all the samples we
have studied of the dust produced by the destruction of the World
Trade Center. Examination of four of these samples, collected from
separate sites, is reported in this paper. These red/gray chips show
marked similarities in all four samples. One sample was collected by a
Manhattan resident about ten minutes after the collapse of the second
WTC Tower, two the next day, and a fourth about a week later. The
properties of these chips were analyzed using optical microscopy,
scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray energy dispersive
spectroscopy (XEDS), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The
red material contains grains approximately 100 nm across which are
largely iron oxide, while aluminum is contained in tiny plate-like
structures. Separation of components using methyl ethyl ketone
demonstrated that elemental aluminum is present. The iron oxide and
aluminum are intimately mixed in the red material. When ignited in a
DSC device the chips exhibit large but narrow exotherms occurring at
approximately 430 °C, far below the normal ignition temperature for
conventional thermite. Numerous iron-rich spheres are clearly observed
in the residue following the ignition of these peculiar red/gray
chips. The red portion of these chips is found to be an unreacted
thermitic material and highly energetic.

Global Research Editor's Note
The definition of thermitic material:

A trademark used for a welding and incendiary mixture of fine aluminum
powder with a metallic oxide, usually iron, that when ignited yields an
intense heat.

The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth
Edition copyright ©2000 by Houghton Mifflin Company. Updated in 2003.
Published by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

Thermite is a pyrotechnic composition of a metal powder and a metal
oxide, which produces an aluminothermic reaction known as a thermite
reaction. (Wikipedia)

What we are dealing with is the melting/ burning of metal structures.

"Metals are capable of burning under the right conditions, similarly
to the combustion process of wood or gasoline. ... A thermite reaction
is a process in which the correct mixture of metallic fuels are
combined and ignited. Ignition itself requires extremely high
temperatures."

Readers can reach their own conclusions as to the far-reaching
implications of these findings.

Although the authors do not address the broader issue of the 9/11
attacks, their findings have a direct bearing on the likely causes of
the collapse of the WTC buildings on September 11, 2001. The findings
also question the validity of the official report of the 911 Commission.

Below are selected excerpts of the article. Readers can also link to
the complete text, by clicking the link

Complete Article
http://www.bentham-open.org/pages/content.php?TOCPJ/2009/00000002/00000001/7TOCPJ.SGM

EXCERPTS

INTRODUCTION

The destruction of three skyscrapers (WTC 1, 2 and 7) on September 11,
2001 was an immensely tragic catastrophe that not only impacted
thousands of people and families directly, due to injury and loss of
life, but also provided the motivation for numerous expensive and
radical changes in domestic and foreign policy. For these and other
reasons, knowing what really happened that fateful day is of grave
importance.

A great deal of effort has been put forth by various
government-sponsored and -funded investigations, which led, in large
part, to the reports released by FEMA [1] and NIST [2]. Other studies
of the destruction have been less well publicized but are no less
important to the outstanding obligation that remains to the victims of
that tragedy, to determine the whole truth of the events of that day
[3-10]. A number of these studies have appropriately focused
attention on the remaining physical material, and on available
photographs and video footage, as sources of evidence still in public
hands, relating to the method of destruction of the three
skyscrapers.

CONCLUSIONS

We have discovered distinctive red/gray chips in significant numbers
in dust associated with the World Trade Center destruction. We have
applied SEM/XEDS and other methods to characterize the small-scale
structure and chemical signature of these chips, especially of their
red component. The red material is most interesting and has the
following characteristics:

1. It is composed of aluminum, iron, oxygen, silicon and carbon.
Lesser amounts of other potentially reactive elements are sometimes
present, such as potassium, sulfur, lead, barium and copper.

2. The primary elements (Al, Fe, O, Si, C) are typically all present
in particles at the scale of tens to hundreds of nanometers, and
detailed XEDS mapping shows intimate mixing.

3. On treatment with methyl ethyl ketone solvent, some segregation of
components occurred. Elemental aluminum became sufficiently
concentrated to be clearly identified in the pre-ignition material.

4. Iron oxide appears in faceted grains roughly 100 nm across whereas
the aluminum appears in thin platelike structures. The small size of
the iron oxide particles qualifies the material to be characterized as
nanothermite or super-thermite.

5. Analysis shows that iron and oxygen are present in a ratio
consistent with Fe2O3. The red material in all four WTC dust samples
was similar in this way. Iron oxide was found in the pre-ignition
material whereas elemental iron was not.

6. From the presence of elemental aluminum and iron oxide in the red
material, we conclude that it contains the ingredients of thermite.

7. As measured using DSC, the material ignites and reacts vigorously
at a temperature of approximately 430 °C, with a rather narrow
exotherm, matching fairly closely an independent observation on a
known super-thermite sample. The low temperature of ignition and the
presence of iron oxide grains less than 120 nm show that the material
is not conventional thermite (which ignites at temperatures above 900
°C) but very likely a form of super-thermite.

8. After igniting several red/gray chips in a DSC run to 700 °C, we
found numerous iron-rich spheres and spheroids in the residue,
indicating that a very high temperature reaction had occurred, since
the iron-rich product clearly must have been molten to form these
shapes. In several spheres, elemental iron was verified since the iron
content significantly exceeded the oxygen content. We conclude that a
high-temperature reduction-oxidation reaction has occurred in the
heated chips, namely, the thermite reaction.

9. The spheroids produced by the DSC tests and by the flame test have
an XEDS signature (Al, Fe, O, Si, C) which is depleted in carbon and
aluminum relative to the original red material. This chemical
signature strikingly matches the chemical signature of the spheroids
produced by igniting commercial thermite, and also matches the
signatures of many of the microspheres found in the WTC dust [5].

10. The carbon content of the red material indicates that an organic
substance is present. This would be expected for super-thermite
formulations in order to produce high gas pressures upon ignition and
thus make them explosive. The nature of the organic material in these
chips merits further exploration. We note that it is likely also an
energetic material, in that the total energy release sometimes
observed in DSC tests exceeds the theoretical maximum energy of the
classic thermite reaction.

Based on these observations, we conclude that the red layer of the
red/gray chips we have discovered in the WTC dust is active, unreacted
thermitic material, incorporating nanotechnology, and is a highly
energetic pyrotechnic or explosive material.
(emphasis added)

Complete Article

http://www.bentham-open.org/pages/content.php?TOCPJ/2009/00000002/00000001/7TOCPJ.SGM

Study: Scientists Discover Active Thermitic Material in WTC Dust by
researcher
Friday Apr 3rd, 2009 7:30 PM

Active Thermitic Material Discovered in Dust from the 9/11 World Trade
Center Catastrophe

FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
Contact: Victoria Ashley, STJ911 committee member
Site: www.STJ911.org
Email: stj911 at (no spam) gmail.com
Study: Scientists Discover Active Thermitic Material in WTC Dust

Berkeley, CA, April 3, 2009 -- A new study by independent scientists
and researchers suggests the cause behind the catastrophic destruction
of World Trade Center Towers on September 11th can be seen in the dust
itself: active thermitic material, a highly engineered explosive.

The study, published today in The Open Chemical Physics Journal,
describes a finding of "red/gray bi-layered chips" in samples of dust
taken from vicinity of the World Trade Center following its
destruction. Using tools such as a scanning electron microscope (SEM)
and x-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy (XEDS) to analyze the
material, the study authors concluded that, "the red portion of these
chips is found to be an unreacted thermitic material and highly
energetic."

The study's finding lends new support to the demolition theory put
forth by critics of the official reports.

At a time when the American public is finding it difficult to
understand the full story behind the current economic crisis, findings
of a demolition raise new questions about how the 'War on Terror' --
an enormous source of recent American spending -- was started.

Officials with the National Institute of Standards and Technology
(NIST), charged with establishing the cause of the buildings'
destruction, have stated that they "did not test for the residue of
these compounds in the steel," and that thermite, "or another
incendiary compound," would be too difficult to have placed in the
buildings without notice.

NIST has stated that such difficulties make demolition unlikely. They
concluded that aircraft impacts and the subsequent fires led to the
building failures.

Dr. Steven Jones, physicist and author on the paper, says that NIST
has refused to test the dust for thermite, super-thermite, or any
other accelerant or explosive.

"We've repeatedly asked them to follow standard investigative
procedure, to perform these tests and release the results. They
haven't."

Jones says such tests may be required by fire protection codes.

Kevin Ryan, chemist and co-author on the paper, explained why he
thinks NIST is wrong. "What we've discovered is not conventional
thermite -- which is what NIST continues to refer to -- but a highly
engineered thermitic material, or 'super thermite', probably designed
for just this type of application."

Pre-planned demolition, supporters say, is the 'best-fit' model for
the many unusual and unexplained characteristics of the building
failures, such as the speed and symmetry of the collapses, and the
extreme pulverization of the materials leading to clouds of
micron-sized dust particles, described in one insurance report as
behaving similar to a "volcanic eruption".

"One of the unusual features that piqued my interest," Jones said,
"was the pools of molten metal seen in all three rubble piles, WTC 1,
2 & 7."

NIST officials have published a response stating that the condition of
the steel was "irrelevant to the investigation of the collapse."

Jones, formerly a Professor of Physics with Brigham Young University
and known for his work in muon-catalyzed fusion, published in Nature,
Scientific American, and the Journal of Physical Chemistry, began
researching the 9/11/01 attacks in 2005.

Jones discovered the curious thermitic material in 2007, when he ran a
magnet over a dust sample given to him by a Manhattan resident
survivor of the attack, and found that some particles were attracted
to the magnet.

"That was very odd to me," he said.

Those particles turned out to be iron-rich microspheres, partially
described in a 2001 USGS study of the dust.

But to fully analyze, describe and report on the thermitic material
would take longer.

Jones was joined in that effort by several others including Dr. Niels
Harrit, a chemistry professor with the University of Copenhagen for
over 30 years and author of numerous research papers in journals such
as Nano Letters, the Journal of the American Chemistry Society, and
the Journal of Physical Chemistry A.

Harrit says that he is frequently asked why he researches the
September 11th attack. and says has two answers.

"First, I am opposed to crime, and second, when my 6 grandchildren ask
me, 'Grandfather, which side were you on?' I will be able to answer
them, 'I was on your side'."

Co-author Dr. Jeffrey Farrer, a materials scientist and Director of
the TEM (Transmition Electron Microscopy) laboratory at BYU, says he
hopes the paper will "change the way the 9/11 truth movement is viewed
by the mainstream public and media."

And chemist and co-author Kevin Ryan, a former Underwriters
Laboratories manager, challenged the NIST report in public statements
in 2004, and was consequently fired.

"This finding really goes beyond anything that has previously been
shown," says Jones. "We had to use sophisticated tools to analyze the
dust because this isn't just a typical explosive, RDX or CD4 or
something -- this is a highly engineered material not readily
available to just anyone."

In a 2006 interview with Deseret News, Jones noted that commercial
explosives must contain tag elements for traceability, but that no law
requires tagging of advanced forms of thermitics.

In 2008, several of these authors published three articles challenging
the official reports in US scientific journals, The Open Civil
Engineering Journal, The Environmentalist, and The Journal of
Engineering Mechanics Dozens of other papers making similar challenges
have been published in the sister publication of the Scholars group,
The Journal of 9/11 Studies

Scholars for 9/11 Truth and Justice is a non-partisan organization of
over 700 independent researchers analyzing the September 11, 2001
attacks with a strong emphasis on the scientific method.

For information: http://www.stj911.com
http://stj911.org/press_releases/ActiveThe...
 
Electra...
Posted: Fri Oct 23, 2009 1:37 pm
Guest
On Oct 23, 4:00 pm, Government Shill #2 <gov.sh... at (no spam) gmail.com> wrote:
Quote:
On Fri, 23 Oct 2009 15:37:40 -0400, "Freedom Man" <libe... at (no spam) once.net> wrote:

If Freedom Man says a foolish thing fifty million times, it is
still a foolish thing.
 Me (with apologies to Anatole France)

I need to know how they moved several trailer loads of explosives into
the WTC complex and stowed it away without anyone noticing.

Must have been one mother fucker of a dry wall and paint job to cover
it up.
 
Iarnrod...
Posted: Fri Oct 23, 2009 1:37 pm
Guest
On Oct 23, 4:10 pm, "mr.smartypants" <george... at (no spam) toast.net> wrote:

Quote:
I first was suspicious when a crime of this magnitude was not CSI'd.
Look who "benefitted" .  Of course we may never know the whole story.
but, the government's version are so unbelievable.

Name one thing, kook. I'll give you an education.
 
Iarnrod...
Posted: Fri Oct 23, 2009 1:37 pm
Guest
On Oct 23, 1:37 pm, "Freedom Man" <libe... at (no spam) once.net> wrote:

<snip kkkookerkrap>

Sorry, Reality Fighter, but "Inside Job" controlled demolition has
been proven to be a complete physical impossibility.
 
george...
Posted: Fri Oct 23, 2009 1:37 pm
Guest
On Oct 24, 8:37 am, "Freedom Man" <libe... at (no spam) once.net> wrote:

Quote:
The study, published today in The Open Chemical Physics Journal,
describes a finding of "red/gray bi-layered chips" in samples of dust
taken from vicinity of the World Trade Center following its
destruction. Using tools such as a scanning electron microscope (SEM)
and x-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy (XEDS) to analyze the
material, the study authors concluded that, "the red portion of these
chips is found to be an unreacted thermitic material and highly
energetic."


They are paint chips FFS.
 
Electra...
Posted: Fri Oct 23, 2009 1:39 pm
Guest
On Oct 23, 7:25 pm, Iarnrod <iarn... at (no spam) yahoo.com> wrote:
Quote:
On Oct 23, 1:37 pm, "Freedom Man" <libe... at (no spam) once.net> wrote:

snip kkkookerkrap

Sorry, Reality Fighter, but "Inside Job" controlled demolition has
been proven to be a complete physical impossibility.

Not if you also think that the lunar landings were done on Kubrick's
2001, A Space Odyssey sound stage at Pinewood, while Neil and Buzz's
first landing was a plot instigated by those nasty Democrats to cover
up that nasty shunt that brother Teddy had around the same time.

After all, I have a copy of a paper from those days and the top says
"MAN ON MOON" while the bottom has "Senator Kennedy in Accident At
Chappaquiddick" .


It's all part of the big scam.
 
Iarnrod...
Posted: Fri Oct 23, 2009 1:52 pm
Guest
On Oct 23, 5:39 pm, Electra <honda9... at (no spam) excite.com> wrote:
Quote:
On Oct 23, 7:25 pm, Iarnrod <iarn... at (no spam) yahoo.com> wrote:

On Oct 23, 1:37 pm, "Freedom Man" <libe... at (no spam) once.net> wrote:

snip kkkookerkrap

Sorry, Reality Fighter, but "Inside Job" controlled demolition has
been proven to be a complete physical impossibility.

Not if you also think that the lunar landings were done on Kubrick's
2001, A Space Odyssey sound stage at Pinewood, while Neil and Buzz's
first landing was a plot instigated by those nasty Democrats to cover
up that nasty shunt that brother Teddy had around the same time.

After all, I have a copy of a paper from those days and the top says
"MAN ON MOON" while the bottom has "Senator Kennedy in Accident At
Chappaquiddick" .

It's all part of the big scam.

Until someone explains to the kooks that the "scam" had no point.
Chappaquiddick kept Teddy from ever being president and it didn't
really get covered up.
 
Government Shill #2...
Posted: Fri Oct 23, 2009 2:00 pm
Guest
On Fri, 23 Oct 2009 15:37:40 -0400, "Freedom Man" <liberty at (no spam) once.net> wrote:


If Freedom Man says a foolish thing fifty million times, it is
still a foolish thing.
Me (with apologies to Anatole France)
 
mr.smartypants...
Posted: Fri Oct 23, 2009 4:10 pm
Guest
In article <hbt0m2$tk8$1 at (no spam) news.eternal-september.org>,
"Freedom Man" <liberty at (no spam) once.net> wrote:

Quote:
http://www.globalresearch.ca/index.php?context=va&aid=13049
Global Research, April 3, 2009

Below is the Abstract, Introduction and Conclusions of this important and
carefully researched article. The complete article can be downloaded (pdf)

Active Thermitic Material Discovered in Dust from the 9/11 World Trade
Center Catastrophe

pp.7-31 (25)
Authors: Niels H. Harrit, Jeffrey Farrer, Steven E. Jones, Kevin R.Ryan,
Frank M. Legge, Daniel Farnsworth, Gregg Roberts, James R.Gourley, Bradley
R. Larsen

The Open Chemical Physics Journal
Volume 2
ISSN: 1874-4125
doi: 10.2174/1874412500902010007

Complete Article
http://www.bentham-open.org/pages/content.php?TOCPJ/2009/00000002/00000001/7TO
CPJ.SGM

Abstract:

We have discovered distinctive red/gray chips in all the samples we
have studied of the dust produced by the destruction of the World
Trade Center. Examination of four of these samples, collected from
separate sites, is reported in this paper. These red/gray chips show
marked similarities in all four samples. One sample was collected by a
Manhattan resident about ten minutes after the collapse of the second
WTC Tower, two the next day, and a fourth about a week later. The
properties of these chips were analyzed using optical microscopy,
scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray energy dispersive
spectroscopy (XEDS), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The
red material contains grains approximately 100 nm across which are
largely iron oxide, while aluminum is contained in tiny plate-like
structures. Separation of components using methyl ethyl ketone
demonstrated that elemental aluminum is present. The iron oxide and
aluminum are intimately mixed in the red material. When ignited in a
DSC device the chips exhibit large but narrow exotherms occurring at
approximately 430 °C, far below the normal ignition temperature for
conventional thermite. Numerous iron-rich spheres are clearly observed
in the residue following the ignition of these peculiar red/gray
chips. The red portion of these chips is found to be an unreacted
thermitic material and highly energetic.

Global Research Editor's Note
The definition of thermitic material:

A trademark used for a welding and incendiary mixture of fine aluminum
powder with a metallic oxide, usually iron, that when ignited yields an
intense heat.

The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth
Edition copyright ©2000 by Houghton Mifflin Company. Updated in 2003.
Published by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

Thermite is a pyrotechnic composition of a metal powder and a metal
oxide, which produces an aluminothermic reaction known as a thermite
reaction. (Wikipedia)

What we are dealing with is the melting/ burning of metal structures.

"Metals are capable of burning under the right conditions, similarly
to the combustion process of wood or gasoline. ... A thermite reaction
is a process in which the correct mixture of metallic fuels are
combined and ignited. Ignition itself requires extremely high
temperatures."

Readers can reach their own conclusions as to the far-reaching
implications of these findings.

Although the authors do not address the broader issue of the 9/11
attacks, their findings have a direct bearing on the likely causes of
the collapse of the WTC buildings on September 11, 2001. The findings
also question the validity of the official report of the 911 Commission.

Below are selected excerpts of the article. Readers can also link to
the complete text, by clicking the link

Complete Article
http://www.bentham-open.org/pages/content.php?TOCPJ/2009/00000002/00000001/7TO
CPJ.SGM

EXCERPTS

INTRODUCTION

The destruction of three skyscrapers (WTC 1, 2 and 7) on September 11,
2001 was an immensely tragic catastrophe that not only impacted
thousands of people and families directly, due to injury and loss of
life, but also provided the motivation for numerous expensive and
radical changes in domestic and foreign policy. For these and other
reasons, knowing what really happened that fateful day is of grave
importance.

A great deal of effort has been put forth by various
government-sponsored and -funded investigations, which led, in large
part, to the reports released by FEMA [1] and NIST [2]. Other studies
of the destruction have been less well publicized but are no less
important to the outstanding obligation that remains to the victims of
that tragedy, to determine the whole truth of the events of that day
[3-10]. A number of these studies have appropriately focused
attention on the remaining physical material, and on available
photographs and video footage, as sources of evidence still in public
hands, relating to the method of destruction of the three
skyscrapers.

CONCLUSIONS

We have discovered distinctive red/gray chips in significant numbers
in dust associated with the World Trade Center destruction. We have
applied SEM/XEDS and other methods to characterize the small-scale
structure and chemical signature of these chips, especially of their
red component. The red material is most interesting and has the
following characteristics:

1. It is composed of aluminum, iron, oxygen, silicon and carbon.
Lesser amounts of other potentially reactive elements are sometimes
present, such as potassium, sulfur, lead, barium and copper.

2. The primary elements (Al, Fe, O, Si, C) are typically all present
in particles at the scale of tens to hundreds of nanometers, and
detailed XEDS mapping shows intimate mixing.

3. On treatment with methyl ethyl ketone solvent, some segregation of
components occurred. Elemental aluminum became sufficiently
concentrated to be clearly identified in the pre-ignition material.

4. Iron oxide appears in faceted grains roughly 100 nm across whereas
the aluminum appears in thin platelike structures. The small size of
the iron oxide particles qualifies the material to be characterized as
nanothermite or super-thermite.

5. Analysis shows that iron and oxygen are present in a ratio
consistent with Fe2O3. The red material in all four WTC dust samples
was similar in this way. Iron oxide was found in the pre-ignition
material whereas elemental iron was not.

6. From the presence of elemental aluminum and iron oxide in the red
material, we conclude that it contains the ingredients of thermite.

7. As measured using DSC, the material ignites and reacts vigorously
at a temperature of approximately 430 °C, with a rather narrow
exotherm, matching fairly closely an independent observation on a
known super-thermite sample. The low temperature of ignition and the
presence of iron oxide grains less than 120 nm show that the material
is not conventional thermite (which ignites at temperatures above 900
°C) but very likely a form of super-thermite.

8. After igniting several red/gray chips in a DSC run to 700 °C, we
found numerous iron-rich spheres and spheroids in the residue,
indicating that a very high temperature reaction had occurred, since
the iron-rich product clearly must have been molten to form these
shapes. In several spheres, elemental iron was verified since the iron
content significantly exceeded the oxygen content. We conclude that a
high-temperature reduction-oxidation reaction has occurred in the
heated chips, namely, the thermite reaction.

9. The spheroids produced by the DSC tests and by the flame test have
an XEDS signature (Al, Fe, O, Si, C) which is depleted in carbon and
aluminum relative to the original red material. This chemical
signature strikingly matches the chemical signature of the spheroids
produced by igniting commercial thermite, and also matches the
signatures of many of the microspheres found in the WTC dust [5].

10. The carbon content of the red material indicates that an organic
substance is present. This would be expected for super-thermite
formulations in order to produce high gas pressures upon ignition and
thus make them explosive. The nature of the organic material in these
chips merits further exploration. We note that it is likely also an
energetic material, in that the total energy release sometimes
observed in DSC tests exceeds the theoretical maximum energy of the
classic thermite reaction.

Based on these observations, we conclude that the red layer of the
red/gray chips we have discovered in the WTC dust is active, unreacted
thermitic material, incorporating nanotechnology, and is a highly
energetic pyrotechnic or explosive material.
(emphasis added)

Complete Article

http://www.bentham-open.org/pages/content.php?TOCPJ/2009/00000002/00000001/7TO
CPJ.SGM

Study: Scientists Discover Active Thermitic Material in WTC Dust by
researcher
Friday Apr 3rd, 2009 7:30 PM

Active Thermitic Material Discovered in Dust from the 9/11 World Trade
Center Catastrophe

FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
Contact: Victoria Ashley, STJ911 committee member
Site: www.STJ911.org
Email: stj911 at (no spam) gmail.com
Study: Scientists Discover Active Thermitic Material in WTC Dust

Berkeley, CA, April 3, 2009 -- A new study by independent scientists
and researchers suggests the cause behind the catastrophic destruction
of World Trade Center Towers on September 11th can be seen in the dust
itself: active thermitic material, a highly engineered explosive.

The study, published today in The Open Chemical Physics Journal,
describes a finding of "red/gray bi-layered chips" in samples of dust
taken from vicinity of the World Trade Center following its
destruction. Using tools such as a scanning electron microscope (SEM)
and x-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy (XEDS) to analyze the
material, the study authors concluded that, "the red portion of these
chips is found to be an unreacted thermitic material and highly
energetic."

The study's finding lends new support to the demolition theory put
forth by critics of the official reports.

At a time when the American public is finding it difficult to
understand the full story behind the current economic crisis, findings
of a demolition raise new questions about how the 'War on Terror' --
an enormous source of recent American spending -- was started.

Officials with the National Institute of Standards and Technology
(NIST), charged with establishing the cause of the buildings'
destruction, have stated that they "did not test for the residue of
these compounds in the steel," and that thermite, "or another
incendiary compound," would be too difficult to have placed in the
buildings without notice.

NIST has stated that such difficulties make demolition unlikely. They
concluded that aircraft impacts and the subsequent fires led to the
building failures.

Dr. Steven Jones, physicist and author on the paper, says that NIST
has refused to test the dust for thermite, super-thermite, or any
other accelerant or explosive.

"We've repeatedly asked them to follow standard investigative
procedure, to perform these tests and release the results. They
haven't."

Jones says such tests may be required by fire protection codes.

Kevin Ryan, chemist and co-author on the paper, explained why he
thinks NIST is wrong. "What we've discovered is not conventional
thermite -- which is what NIST continues to refer to -- but a highly
engineered thermitic material, or 'super thermite', probably designed
for just this type of application."

Pre-planned demolition, supporters say, is the 'best-fit' model for
the many unusual and unexplained characteristics of the building
failures, such as the speed and symmetry of the collapses, and the
extreme pulverization of the materials leading to clouds of
micron-sized dust particles, described in one insurance report as
behaving similar to a "volcanic eruption".

"One of the unusual features that piqued my interest," Jones said,
"was the pools of molten metal seen in all three rubble piles, WTC 1,
2 & 7."

NIST officials have published a response stating that the condition of
the steel was "irrelevant to the investigation of the collapse."

Jones, formerly a Professor of Physics with Brigham Young University
and known for his work in muon-catalyzed fusion, published in Nature,
Scientific American, and the Journal of Physical Chemistry, began
researching the 9/11/01 attacks in 2005.

Jones discovered the curious thermitic material in 2007, when he ran a
magnet over a dust sample given to him by a Manhattan resident
survivor of the attack, and found that some particles were attracted
to the magnet.

"That was very odd to me," he said.

Those particles turned out to be iron-rich microspheres, partially
described in a 2001 USGS study of the dust.

But to fully analyze, describe and report on the thermitic material
would take longer.

Jones was joined in that effort by several others including Dr. Niels
Harrit, a chemistry professor with the University of Copenhagen for
over 30 years and author of numerous research papers in journals such
as Nano Letters, the Journal of the American Chemistry Society, and
the Journal of Physical Chemistry A.

Harrit says that he is frequently asked why he researches the
September 11th attack. and says has two answers.

"First, I am opposed to crime, and second, when my 6 grandchildren ask
me, 'Grandfather, which side were you on?' I will be able to answer
them, 'I was on your side'."

Co-author Dr. Jeffrey Farrer, a materials scientist and Director of
the TEM (Transmition Electron Microscopy) laboratory at BYU, says he
hopes the paper will "change the way the 9/11 truth movement is viewed
by the mainstream public and media."

And chemist and co-author Kevin Ryan, a former Underwriters
Laboratories manager, challenged the NIST report in public statements
in 2004, and was consequently fired.

"This finding really goes beyond anything that has previously been
shown," says Jones. "We had to use sophisticated tools to analyze the
dust because this isn't just a typical explosive, RDX or CD4 or
something -- this is a highly engineered material not readily
available to just anyone."

In a 2006 interview with Deseret News, Jones noted that commercial
explosives must contain tag elements for traceability, but that no law
requires tagging of advanced forms of thermitics.

In 2008, several of these authors published three articles challenging
the official reports in US scientific journals, The Open Civil
Engineering Journal, The Environmentalist, and The Journal of
Engineering Mechanics Dozens of other papers making similar challenges
have been published in the sister publication of the Scholars group,
The Journal of 9/11 Studies

Scholars for 9/11 Truth and Justice is a non-partisan organization of
over 700 independent researchers analyzing the September 11, 2001
attacks with a strong emphasis on the scientific method.

For information: http://www.stj911.com
http://stj911.org/press_releases/ActiveThe...

I first was suspicious when a crime of this magnitude was not CSI'd.
Look who "benefitted" . Of course we may never know the whole story.
but, the government's version are so unbelievable.
--
money; what a concept!
 
BDK...
Posted: Fri Oct 23, 2009 11:21 pm
Guest
In article <hbt0m2$tk8$1 at (no spam) news.eternal-september.org>, liberty at (no spam) once.net
says...
Quote:
http://www.globalresearch.ca/index.php?context=va&aid=13049
Global Research, April 3, 2009

Below is the Abstract, Introduction and Conclusions of this important and
carefully researched article. The complete article can be downloaded (pdf)

Active Thermitic Material Discovered in Dust from the 9/11 World Trade
Center Catastrophe

pp.7-31 (25)
Authors: Niels H. Harrit, Jeffrey Farrer, Steven E. Jones, Kevin R.Ryan,
Frank M. Legge, Daniel Farnsworth, Gregg Roberts, James R.Gourley, Bradley
R. Larsen

The Open Chemical Physics Journal
Volume 2
ISSN: 1874-4125
doi: 10.2174/1874412500902010007

Complete Article
http://www.bentham-open.org/pages/content.php?TOCPJ/2009/00000002/00000001/7TOCPJ.SGM

Abstract:

We have discovered distinctive red/gray chips in all the samples we
have studied of the dust produced by the destruction of the World
Trade Center. Examination of four of these samples, collected from
separate sites, is reported in this paper. These red/gray chips show
marked similarities in all four samples. One sample was collected by a
Manhattan resident about ten minutes after the collapse of the second
WTC Tower, two the next day, and a fourth about a week later. The
properties of these chips were analyzed using optical microscopy,
scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray energy dispersive
spectroscopy (XEDS), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The
red material contains grains approximately 100 nm across which are
largely iron oxide, while aluminum is contained in tiny plate-like
structures. Separation of components using methyl ethyl ketone
demonstrated that elemental aluminum is present. The iron oxide and
aluminum are intimately mixed in the red material. When ignited in a
DSC device the chips exhibit large but narrow exotherms occurring at
approximately 430 °C, far below the normal ignition temperature for
conventional thermite. Numerous iron-rich spheres are clearly observed
in the residue following the ignition of these peculiar red/gray
chips. The red portion of these chips is found to be an unreacted
thermitic material and highly energetic.

Global Research Editor's Note
The definition of thermitic material:

A trademark used for a welding and incendiary mixture of fine aluminum
powder with a metallic oxide, usually iron, that when ignited yields an
intense heat.

The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth
Edition copyright ©2000 by Houghton Mifflin Company. Updated in 2003.
Published by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

Thermite is a pyrotechnic composition of a metal powder and a metal
oxide, which produces an aluminothermic reaction known as a thermite
reaction. (Wikipedia)

What we are dealing with is the melting/ burning of metal structures.

"Metals are capable of burning under the right conditions, similarly
to the combustion process of wood or gasoline. ... A thermite reaction
is a process in which the correct mixture of metallic fuels are
combined and ignited. Ignition itself requires extremely high
temperatures."

Readers can reach their own conclusions as to the far-reaching
implications of these findings.

Although the authors do not address the broader issue of the 9/11
attacks, their findings have a direct bearing on the likely causes of
the collapse of the WTC buildings on September 11, 2001. The findings
also question the validity of the official report of the 911 Commission.

Below are selected excerpts of the article. Readers can also link to
the complete text, by clicking the link

Complete Article
http://www.bentham-open.org/pages/content.php?TOCPJ/2009/00000002/00000001/7TOCPJ.SGM

EXCERPTS

INTRODUCTION

The destruction of three skyscrapers (WTC 1, 2 and 7) on September 11,
2001 was an immensely tragic catastrophe that not only impacted
thousands of people and families directly, due to injury and loss of
life, but also provided the motivation for numerous expensive and
radical changes in domestic and foreign policy. For these and other
reasons, knowing what really happened that fateful day is of grave
importance.

A great deal of effort has been put forth by various
government-sponsored and -funded investigations, which led, in large
part, to the reports released by FEMA [1] and NIST [2]. Other studies
of the destruction have been less well publicized but are no less
important to the outstanding obligation that remains to the victims of
that tragedy, to determine the whole truth of the events of that day
[3-10]. A number of these studies have appropriately focused
attention on the remaining physical material, and on available
photographs and video footage, as sources of evidence still in public
hands, relating to the method of destruction of the three
skyscrapers.

CONCLUSIONS

We have discovered distinctive red/gray chips in significant numbers
in dust associated with the World Trade Center destruction. We have
applied SEM/XEDS and other methods to characterize the small-scale
structure and chemical signature of these chips, especially of their
red component. The red material is most interesting and has the
following characteristics:

1. It is composed of aluminum, iron, oxygen, silicon and carbon.
Lesser amounts of other potentially reactive elements are sometimes
present, such as potassium, sulfur, lead, barium and copper.

2. The primary elements (Al, Fe, O, Si, C) are typically all present
in particles at the scale of tens to hundreds of nanometers, and
detailed XEDS mapping shows intimate mixing.

3. On treatment with methyl ethyl ketone solvent, some segregation of
components occurred. Elemental aluminum became sufficiently
concentrated to be clearly identified in the pre-ignition material.

4. Iron oxide appears in faceted grains roughly 100 nm across whereas
the aluminum appears in thin platelike structures. The small size of
the iron oxide particles qualifies the material to be characterized as
nanothermite or super-thermite.

5. Analysis shows that iron and oxygen are present in a ratio
consistent with Fe2O3. The red material in all four WTC dust samples
was similar in this way. Iron oxide was found in the pre-ignition
material whereas elemental iron was not.

6. From the presence of elemental aluminum and iron oxide in the red
material, we conclude that it contains the ingredients of thermite.

7. As measured using DSC, the material ignites and reacts vigorously
at a temperature of approximately 430 °C, with a rather narrow
exotherm, matching fairly closely an independent observation on a
known super-thermite sample. The low temperature of ignition and the
presence of iron oxide grains less than 120 nm show that the material
is not conventional thermite (which ignites at temperatures above 900
°C) but very likely a form of super-thermite.

8. After igniting several red/gray chips in a DSC run to 700 °C, we
found numerous iron-rich spheres and spheroids in the residue,
indicating that a very high temperature reaction had occurred, since
the iron-rich product clearly must have been molten to form these
shapes. In several spheres, elemental iron was verified since the iron
content significantly exceeded the oxygen content. We conclude that a
high-temperature reduction-oxidation reaction has occurred in the
heated chips, namely, the thermite reaction.

9. The spheroids produced by the DSC tests and by the flame test have
an XEDS signature (Al, Fe, O, Si, C) which is depleted in carbon and
aluminum relative to the original red material. This chemical
signature strikingly matches the chemical signature of the spheroids
produced by igniting commercial thermite, and also matches the
signatures of many of the microspheres found in the WTC dust [5].

10. The carbon content of the red material indicates that an organic
substance is present. This would be expected for super-thermite
formulations in order to produce high gas pressures upon ignition and
thus make them explosive. The nature of the organic material in these
chips merits further exploration. We note that it is likely also an
energetic material, in that the total energy release sometimes
observed in DSC tests exceeds the theoretical maximum energy of the
classic thermite reaction.

Based on these observations, we conclude that the red layer of the
red/gray chips we have discovered in the WTC dust is active, unreacted
thermitic material, incorporating nanotechnology, and is a highly
energetic pyrotechnic or explosive material.
(emphasis added)

Complete Article

http://www.bentham-open.org/pages/content.php?TOCPJ/2009/00000002/00000001/7TOCPJ.SGM

Study: Scientists Discover Active Thermitic Material in WTC Dust by
researcher
Friday Apr 3rd, 2009 7:30 PM

Active Thermitic Material Discovered in Dust from the 9/11 World Trade
Center Catastrophe

FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
Contact: Victoria Ashley, STJ911 committee member
Site: www.STJ911.org
Email: stj911 at (no spam) gmail.com
Study: Scientists Discover Active Thermitic Material in WTC Dust

Berkeley, CA, April 3, 2009 -- A new study by independent scientists
and researchers suggests the cause behind the catastrophic destruction
of World Trade Center Towers on September 11th can be seen in the dust
itself: active thermitic material, a highly engineered explosive.

The study, published today in The Open Chemical Physics Journal,
describes a finding of "red/gray bi-layered chips" in samples of dust
taken from vicinity of the World Trade Center following its
destruction. Using tools such as a scanning electron microscope (SEM)
and x-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy (XEDS) to analyze the
material, the study authors concluded that, "the red portion of these
chips is found to be an unreacted thermitic material and highly
energetic."

The study's finding lends new support to the demolition theory put
forth by critics of the official reports.

At a time when the American public is finding it difficult to
understand the full story behind the current economic crisis, findings
of a demolition raise new questions about how the 'War on Terror' --
an enormous source of recent American spending -- was started.

Officials with the National Institute of Standards and Technology
(NIST), charged with establishing the cause of the buildings'
destruction, have stated that they "did not test for the residue of
these compounds in the steel," and that thermite, "or another
incendiary compound," would be too difficult to have placed in the
buildings without notice.

NIST has stated that such difficulties make demolition unlikely. They
concluded that aircraft impacts and the subsequent fires led to the
building failures.

Dr. Steven Jones, physicist and author on the paper, says that NIST
has refused to test the dust for thermite, super-thermite, or any
other accelerant or explosive.

"We've repeatedly asked them to follow standard investigative
procedure, to perform these tests and release the results. They
haven't."

Jones says such tests may be required by fire protection codes.

Kevin Ryan, chemist and co-author on the paper, explained why he
thinks NIST is wrong. "What we've discovered is not conventional
thermite -- which is what NIST continues to refer to -- but a highly
engineered thermitic material, or 'super thermite', probably designed
for just this type of application."

Pre-planned demolition, supporters say, is the 'best-fit' model for
the many unusual and unexplained characteristics of the building
failures, such as the speed and symmetry of the collapses, and the
extreme pulverization of the materials leading to clouds of
micron-sized dust particles, described in one insurance report as
behaving similar to a "volcanic eruption".

"One of the unusual features that piqued my interest," Jones said,
"was the pools of molten metal seen in all three rubble piles, WTC 1,
2 & 7."

NIST officials have published a response stating that the condition of
the steel was "irrelevant to the investigation of the collapse."

Jones, formerly a Professor of Physics with Brigham Young University
and known for his work in muon-catalyzed fusion, published in Nature,
Scientific American, and the Journal of Physical Chemistry, began
researching the 9/11/01 attacks in 2005.

Jones discovered the curious thermitic material in 2007, when he ran a
magnet over a dust sample given to him by a Manhattan resident
survivor of the attack, and found that some particles were attracted
to the magnet.

"That was very odd to me," he said.

Those particles turned out to be iron-rich microspheres, partially
described in a 2001 USGS study of the dust.

But to fully analyze, describe and report on the thermitic material
would take longer.

Jones was joined in that effort by several others including Dr. Niels
Harrit, a chemistry professor with the University of Copenhagen for
over 30 years and author of numerous research papers in journals such
as Nano Letters, the Journal of the American Chemistry Society, and
the Journal of Physical Chemistry A.

Harrit says that he is frequently asked why he researches the
September 11th attack. and says has two answers.

"First, I am opposed to crime, and second, when my 6 grandchildren ask
me, 'Grandfather, which side were you on?' I will be able to answer
them, 'I was on your side'."

Co-author Dr. Jeffrey Farrer, a materials scientist and Director of
the TEM (Transmition Electron Microscopy) laboratory at BYU, says he
hopes the paper will "change the way the 9/11 truth movement is viewed
by the mainstream public and media."

And chemist and co-author Kevin Ryan, a former Underwriters
Laboratories manager, challenged the NIST report in public statements
in 2004, and was consequently fired.

"This finding really goes beyond anything that has previously been
shown," says Jones. "We had to use sophisticated tools to analyze the
dust because this isn't just a typical explosive, RDX or CD4 or
something -- this is a highly engineered material not readily
available to just anyone."

In a 2006 interview with Deseret News, Jones noted that commercial
explosives must contain tag elements for traceability, but that no law
requires tagging of advanced forms of thermitics.

In 2008, several of these authors published three articles challenging
the official reports in US scientific journals, The Open Civil
Engineering Journal, The Environmentalist, and The Journal of
Engineering Mechanics Dozens of other papers making similar challenges
have been published in the sister publication of the Scholars group,
The Journal of 9/11 Studies

Scholars for 9/11 Truth and Justice is a non-partisan organization of
over 700 independent researchers analyzing the September 11, 2001
attacks with a strong emphasis on the scientific method.

For information: http://www.stj911.com
http://stj911.org/press_releases/ActiveThe...




So you're posting a new version of the same old kooktardic nonsense.

Yawwwwwwnnnnnn!

--

BDK..
Leader of the nonexistent paid shills.
Non Jew Jew Club founding member.
Former number one Kook Magnet, title passed to Iarnrod.
 
BDK...
Posted: Fri Oct 23, 2009 11:26 pm
Guest
In article <580cf602-bd8b-4015-b927-
671366c2a5ca at (no spam) m25g2000vbi.googlegroups.com>, honda900f at (no spam) excite.com says...
Quote:
On Oct 23, 4:00 pm, Government Shill #2 <gov.sh... at (no spam) gmail.com> wrote:
On Fri, 23 Oct 2009 15:37:40 -0400, "Freedom Man" <libe... at (no spam) once.net> wrote:

If Freedom Man says a foolish thing fifty million times, it is
still a foolish thing.
 Me (with apologies to Anatole France)

I need to know how they moved several trailer loads of explosives into
the WTC complex and stowed it away without anyone noticing.

Must have been one mother fucker of a dry wall and paint job to cover
it up.



Details: The Kryptonite of kooktards. Shoots down their insane claims
like bug spray kills bugs.

Sometimes, I think the bugs are smarter than some of the kooktards.

--

BDK..
Leader of the nonexistent paid shills.
Non Jew Jew Club founding member.
Former number one Kook Magnet, title passed to Iarnrod.
 
Al Dykes...
Posted: Sat Oct 24, 2009 4:10 am
Guest
In article <hbt0m2$tk8$1 at (no spam) news.eternal-september.org>,
Freedom Man <liberty at (no spam) once.net> wrote:
Quote:
http://www.globalresearch.ca/index.php?context=va&aid=13049
Global Research, April 3, 2009

Below is the Abstract, Introduction and Conclusions of this important and
carefully researched article. The complete article can be downloaded (pdf)

Active Thermitic Material Discovered in Dust from the 9/11 World Trade
Center Catastrophe

pp.7-31 (25)
Authors: Niels H. Harrit, Jeffrey Farrer, Steven E. Jones, Kevin R.Ryan,
Frank M. Legge, Daniel Farnsworth, Gregg Roberts, James R.Gourley, Bradley
R. Larsen

The Open Chemical Physics Journal
Volume 2
ISSN: 1874-4125
doi: 10.2174/1874412500902010007

Complete Article
http://www.bentham-open.org/pages/content.php?TOCPJ/2009/00000002/00000001/7TOCPJ.SGM

Abstract:

We have discovered distinctive red/gray chips in all the samples we
have studied of the dust produced by the destruction of the World
Trade Center. Examination of four of these samples, collected from
separate sites, is reported in this paper. These red/gray chips show
marked similarities in all four samples. One sample was collected by a
Manhattan resident about ten minutes after the collapse of the second
WTC Tower, two the next day, and a fourth about a week later. The
properties of these chips were analyzed using optical microscopy,
scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray energy dispersive
spectroscopy (XEDS), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The
red material contains grains approximately 100 nm across which are
largely iron oxide, while aluminum is contained in tiny plate-like
structures. Separation of components using methyl ethyl ketone
demonstrated that elemental aluminum is present. The iron oxide and
aluminum are intimately mixed in the red material. When ignited in a
DSC device the chips exhibit large but narrow exotherms occurring at
approximately 430 °C, far below the normal ignition temperature for
conventional thermite. Numerous iron-rich spheres are clearly observed
in the residue following the ignition of these peculiar red/gray
chips. The red portion of these chips is found to be an unreacted
thermitic material and highly energetic.

Global Research Editor's Note
The definition of thermitic material:

A trademark used for a welding and incendiary mixture of fine aluminum
powder with a metallic oxide, usually iron, that when ignited yields an
intense heat.

The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth
Edition copyright ©2000 by Houghton Mifflin Company. Updated in 2003.
Published by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

Thermite is a pyrotechnic composition of a metal powder and a metal
oxide, which produces an aluminothermic reaction known as a thermite
reaction. (Wikipedia)

What we are dealing with is the melting/ burning of metal structures.

"Metals are capable of burning under the right conditions, similarly
to the combustion process of wood or gasoline. ... A thermite reaction
is a process in which the correct mixture of metallic fuels are
combined and ignited. Ignition itself requires extremely high
temperatures."

Readers can reach their own conclusions as to the far-reaching
implications of these findings.

Although the authors do not address the broader issue of the 9/11
attacks, their findings have a direct bearing on the likely causes of
the collapse of the WTC buildings on September 11, 2001. The findings
also question the validity of the official report of the 911 Commission.

Below are selected excerpts of the article. Readers can also link to
the complete text, by clicking the link

Complete Article
http://www.bentham-open.org/pages/content.php?TOCPJ/2009/00000002/00000001/7TOCPJ.SGM

EXCERPTS

INTRODUCTION

The destruction of three skyscrapers (WTC 1, 2 and 7) on September 11,
2001 was an immensely tragic catastrophe that not only impacted
thousands of people and families directly, due to injury and loss of
life, but also provided the motivation for numerous expensive and
radical changes in domestic and foreign policy. For these and other
reasons, knowing what really happened that fateful day is of grave
importance.

A great deal of effort has been put forth by various
government-sponsored and -funded investigations, which led, in large
part, to the reports released by FEMA [1] and NIST [2]. Other studies
of the destruction have been less well publicized but are no less
important to the outstanding obligation that remains to the victims of
that tragedy, to determine the whole truth of the events of that day
[3-10]. A number of these studies have appropriately focused
attention on the remaining physical material, and on available
photographs and video footage, as sources of evidence still in public
hands, relating to the method of destruction of the three
skyscrapers.

CONCLUSIONS

We have discovered distinctive red/gray chips in significant numbers
in dust associated with the World Trade Center destruction. We have
applied SEM/XEDS and other methods to characterize the small-scale
structure and chemical signature of these chips, especially of their
red component. The red material is most interesting and has the
following characteristics:

1. It is composed of aluminum, iron, oxygen, silicon and carbon.
Lesser amounts of other potentially reactive elements are sometimes
present, such as potassium, sulfur, lead, barium and copper.

2. The primary elements (Al, Fe, O, Si, C) are typically all present
in particles at the scale of tens to hundreds of nanometers, and
detailed XEDS mapping shows intimate mixing.

3. On treatment with methyl ethyl ketone solvent, some segregation of
components occurred. Elemental aluminum became sufficiently
concentrated to be clearly identified in the pre-ignition material.

4. Iron oxide appears in faceted grains roughly 100 nm across whereas
the aluminum appears in thin platelike structures. The small size of
the iron oxide particles qualifies the material to be characterized as
nanothermite or super-thermite.

5. Analysis shows that iron and oxygen are present in a ratio
consistent with Fe2O3. The red material in all four WTC dust samples
was similar in this way. Iron oxide was found in the pre-ignition
material whereas elemental iron was not.

6. From the presence of elemental aluminum and iron oxide in the red
material, we conclude that it contains the ingredients of thermite.

7. As measured using DSC, the material ignites and reacts vigorously
at a temperature of approximately 430 °C, with a rather narrow
exotherm, matching fairly closely an independent observation on a
known super-thermite sample. The low temperature of ignition and the
presence of iron oxide grains less than 120 nm show that the material
is not conventional thermite (which ignites at temperatures above 900
°C) but very likely a form of super-thermite.

8. After igniting several red/gray chips in a DSC run to 700 °C, we
found numerous iron-rich spheres and spheroids in the residue,
indicating that a very high temperature reaction had occurred, since
the iron-rich product clearly must have been molten to form these
shapes. In several spheres, elemental iron was verified since the iron
content significantly exceeded the oxygen content. We conclude that a
high-temperature reduction-oxidation reaction has occurred in the
heated chips, namely, the thermite reaction.

9. The spheroids produced by the DSC tests and by the flame test have
an XEDS signature (Al, Fe, O, Si, C) which is depleted in carbon and
aluminum relative to the original red material. This chemical
signature strikingly matches the chemical signature of the spheroids
produced by igniting commercial thermite, and also matches the
signatures of many of the microspheres found in the WTC dust [5].

10. The carbon content of the red material indicates that an organic
substance is present. This would be expected for super-thermite
formulations in order to produce high gas pressures upon ignition and
thus make them explosive. The nature of the organic material in these
chips merits further exploration. We note that it is likely also an
energetic material, in that the total energy release sometimes
observed in DSC tests exceeds the theoretical maximum energy of the
classic thermite reaction.

Based on these observations, we conclude that the red layer of the
red/gray chips we have discovered in the WTC dust is active, unreacted
thermitic material, incorporating nanotechnology, and is a highly
energetic pyrotechnic or explosive material.
(emphasis added)

Complete Article

http://www.bentham-open.org/pages/content.php?TOCPJ/2009/00000002/00000001/7TOCPJ.SGM

Study: Scientists Discover Active Thermitic Material in WTC Dust by
researcher
Friday Apr 3rd, 2009 7:30 PM

Active Thermitic Material Discovered in Dust from the 9/11 World Trade
Center Catastrophe

FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
Contact: Victoria Ashley, STJ911 committee member
Site: www.STJ911.org
Email: stj911 at (no spam) gmail.com
Study: Scientists Discover Active Thermitic Material in WTC Dust

Berkeley, CA, April 3, 2009 -- A new study by independent scientists
and researchers suggests the cause behind the catastrophic destruction
of World Trade Center Towers on September 11th can be seen in the dust
itself: active thermitic material, a highly engineered explosive.

The study, published today in The Open Chemical Physics Journal,
describes a finding of "red/gray bi-layered chips" in samples of dust
taken from vicinity of the World Trade Center following its
destruction. Using tools such as a scanning electron microscope (SEM)
and x-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy (XEDS) to analyze the
material, the study authors concluded that, "the red portion of these
chips is found to be an unreacted thermitic material and highly
energetic."

The study's finding lends new support to the demolition theory put
forth by critics of the official reports.

At a time when the American public is finding it difficult to
understand the full story behind the current economic crisis, findings
of a demolition raise new questions about how the 'War on Terror' --
an enormous source of recent American spending -- was started.

Officials with the National Institute of Standards and Technology
(NIST), charged with establishing the cause of the buildings'
destruction, have stated that they "did not test for the residue of
these compounds in the steel," and that thermite, "or another
incendiary compound," would be too difficult to have placed in the
buildings without notice.

NIST has stated that such difficulties make demolition unlikely. They
concluded that aircraft impacts and the subsequent fires led to the
building failures.

Dr. Steven Jones, physicist and author on the paper, says that NIST
has refused to test the dust for thermite, super-thermite, or any
other accelerant or explosive.

"We've repeatedly asked them to follow standard investigative
procedure, to perform these tests and release the results. They
haven't."

Jones says such tests may be required by fire protection codes.

Kevin Ryan, chemist and co-author on the paper, explained why he
thinks NIST is wrong. "What we've discovered is not conventional
thermite -- which is what NIST continues to refer to -- but a highly
engineered thermitic material, or 'super thermite', probably designed
for just this type of application."

Pre-planned demolition, supporters say, is the 'best-fit' model for
the many unusual and unexplained characteristics of the building
failures, such as the speed and symmetry of the collapses, and the
extreme pulverization of the materials leading to clouds of
micron-sized dust particles, described in one insurance report as
behaving similar to a "volcanic eruption".

"One of the unusual features that piqued my interest," Jones said,
"was the pools of molten metal seen in all three rubble piles, WTC 1,
2 & 7."

NIST officials have published a response stating that the condition of
the steel was "irrelevant to the investigation of the collapse."

Jones, formerly a Professor of Physics with Brigham Young University
and known for his work in muon-catalyzed fusion, published in Nature,
Scientific American, and the Journal of Physical Chemistry, began
researching the 9/11/01 attacks in 2005.

Jones discovered the curious thermitic material in 2007, when he ran a
magnet over a dust sample given to him by a Manhattan resident
survivor of the attack, and found that some particles were attracted
to the magnet.

"That was very odd to me," he said.

Those particles turned out to be iron-rich microspheres, partially
described in a 2001 USGS study of the dust.

But to fully analyze, describe and report on the thermitic material
would take longer.

Jones was joined in that effort by several others including Dr. Niels
Harrit, a chemistry professor with the University of Copenhagen for
over 30 years and author of numerous research papers in journals such
as Nano Letters, the Journal of the American Chemistry Society, and
the Journal of Physical Chemistry A.

Harrit says that he is frequently asked why he researches the
September 11th attack. and says has two answers.

"First, I am opposed to crime, and second, when my 6 grandchildren ask
me, 'Grandfather, which side were you on?' I will be able to answer
them, 'I was on your side'."

Co-author Dr. Jeffrey Farrer, a materials scientist and Director of
the TEM (Transmition Electron Microscopy) laboratory at BYU, says he
hopes the paper will "change the way the 9/11 truth movement is viewed
by the mainstream public and media."

And chemist and co-author Kevin Ryan, a former Underwriters
Laboratories manager, challenged the NIST report in public statements
in 2004, and was consequently fired.

"This finding really goes beyond anything that has previously been
shown," says Jones. "We had to use sophisticated tools to analyze the
dust because this isn't just a typical explosive, RDX or CD4 or
something -- this is a highly engineered material not readily
available to just anyone."

In a 2006 interview with Deseret News, Jones noted that commercial
explosives must contain tag elements for traceability, but that no law
requires tagging of advanced forms of thermitics.

In 2008, several of these authors published three articles challenging
the official reports in US scientific journals, The Open Civil
Engineering Journal, The Environmentalist, and The Journal of
Engineering Mechanics Dozens of other papers making similar challenges
have been published in the sister publication of the Scholars group,
The Journal of 9/11 Studies

Scholars for 9/11 Truth and Justice is a non-partisan organization of
over 700 independent researchers analyzing the September 11, 2001
attacks with a strong emphasis on the scientific method.

For information: http://www.stj911.com
http://stj911.org/press_releases/ActiveThe...




--
a d y k e s at (no spam) p a n i x . c o m

Don't blame me. I voted for Gore. A Proud signature since 2001

--
Al Dykes
News is something someone wants to suppress, everything else is advertising.
- Lord Northcliffe, publisher of the Daily Mail
 
Freedom Man...
Posted: Sat Oct 24, 2009 11:54 am
Guest
"Electra" <honda900f at (no spam) excite.com> wrote in message
news:580cf602-bd8b-4015-b927-671366c2a5ca at (no spam) m25g2000vbi.googlegroups.com...
On Oct 23, 4:00 pm, Government Shill #2 <gov.sh... at (no spam) gmail.com> wrote:
Quote:
On Fri, 23 Oct 2009 15:37:40 -0400, "Freedom Man" <libe... at (no spam) once.net
wrote:

If Freedom Man says a foolish thing fifty million times, it is
still a foolish thing.
Me (with apologies to Anatole France)

"Government Shill" (which is literally true here) is among those government
coverup shills that, unable to refute the scientific facts reported, resorts
in childish frustration to ad-hominem attack. I suspect they are told to do
this in hopes it will persuade gullible sheeple that facts are not facts
when the presenter of those facts is smeared.

Quote:
I need to know how they moved several trailer loads of explosives into
the WTC complex and stowed it away without anyone noticing.


For weeks, perhaps months preceding the "attacks," there was "construction"
work underway that shut down various sections of the buildings, first one
section then another. It is easy for government agents or organized crime
related contractors to put on workmen's uniforms and do their murderous
dirty work undetected.

Quote:
Must have been one mother fucker of a dry wall and paint job to cover it
up.

Yes, but Osama bin Laden had nothing to do with it. The question is who
financed it? - Larry Silverstein and Adolf Giuliani? Bush and Cheney? The
CIA and Mossad? We the taxpayers?
 
Freedom Man...
Posted: Sat Oct 24, 2009 11:59 am
Guest
"Electra" <honda900f at (no spam) excite.com> wrote in message
news:7b27f99c-8c3b-45a7-91c0-9087c308b942 at (no spam) d23g2000vbm.googlegroups.com...
On Oct 23, 7:25 pm, Iarnrod <iarn... at (no spam) yahoo.com> wrote:
Quote:
On Oct 23, 1:37 pm, "Freedom Man" <libe... at (no spam) once.net> wrote:

snip kkkookerkrap

Sorry, Reality Fighter, but "Inside Job" controlled demolition has
been proven to be a complete physical impossibility.

Sorry, denier of scientifically proven facts, but the physical evidence of
the presence of demolition explosives in those buildings can no longer be
credibly denied. If you have true proof to the contrary, present it here.
You won't, because you can't! All we can get from you is frustrated,
childish name-calling!

In addition, the laws of physics are inviolate - or will you deny that too?

SIMPLE PHYSICS EXPOSES THE BIG 9/11 LIE -
GOVERNMENT BUILDING COLLAPSE
EXPLANATION FAILS REALITY CHECK

On September 11, 2001, the world watched in horror as the World Trade Center
(WTC) Twin Towers collapsed, killing thousands of innocent people. Videos of
the collapses were replayed ad nauseam on TV for days. About 5 hours after
the towers fell, WTC building 7 also collapsed suddenly, completely, and
straight down at near free-fall speed. This steel-framed building was not
touched by the planes that struck the towers, and had sustained relatively
minor debris damage and small fires. Nearby buildings far more heavily
damaged remained standing.

In June 2005, in an apparent response to an article by Morgan Reynolds,
former CIA Director and current Secretary of Defense Robert Gates stated,
"The American people know what they saw with their own eyes on September 11,
2001. To suggest any kind of government conspiracy in the events of that day
goes beyond the pale."

We will prove here, with scientific rigor, that it's the government's tale
that's "beyond the pale"!

Did most of the American people really understand the unprecedented
phenomena they had witnessed? Could a lack of knowledge of physics, and the
emotional shock of this mass-murderous "terrorist attack" have stymied
objective thinking and led to the blind acceptance of authoritarian
assertions?

The government and the media TOLD US what we saw. The government told us
that we had witnessed a "gravitational" collapse; what is now referred to as
a "pancake collapse". According to the government claims, the plane crashes
and subsequent kerosene (like lamp oil - jet fuel is NOT exotic) fires
heated the UL-certified structural steel to the point where it was
significantly weakened, which is very difficult to believe, never mind
repeat in an experiment. Even with massive fires that incinerate everything
else, the steel frames of such buildings generally remain standing.
According to the "pancake theory", this purported (all physical evidence was
quickly and illegally destroyed) weakening supposedly caused part of the
tower to collapse downward onto the rest of the tower, which, we've been
repeatedly told, somehow resulted in a chain reaction of the lower floors
sequentially, one at a time, yielding to the weight falling from above.

There are some problems with that theory - it does not fit the observed
facts:

* It cannot account for the total failure of the immense vertical steel core
columns - as if they were there one moment and gone the next.

* The collapse times were near free-fall, far too rapid to be due to gravity
alone. This article focuses on the latter of these two discrepancies.

Those that concocted the "pancake theory" made a fatal error - they didn't
check their story against the inviolate laws of physics! This is easy to do,
even without any physical evidence to examine. We can test that incredible
pancake tale using basic high-school physics. Let's do that - use a simple,
unassailable, incontrovertible conservation-of-energy analysis to perform a
reality check that establishes once and for all that the government, and
such government story backers as PBS, Popular Mechanics, and Scientific
American have falsified the true nature of the 9/11 disaster.

How Gravity Acts:

Sir Isaac Newton noticed that apples fell from trees. Others had also
noticed this, but none had ever devised a theory of gravity from the
observation. Over the years, mankind has learned that the force of gravity
at and near Earth's surface produces an acceleration of known constant
magnitude. That doesn't mean we know HOW it works, or WHY, but we have
become able to predict its effects with a high degree of precision and
certainty - gravity has always had the same, predictable, effect.

Galileo Galilei used the leaning tower of Pisa to demonstrate that a large
ball and a small one (of lesser mass) fell (accelerated downward) at the
same rate. Prior to Galileo, people had just assumed that heavier objects
fall faster, much the way they had assumed the Earth was flat.

So while an object of greater mass will exert more force (its weight) upon
anything supporting it against gravity's pull, it does not experience any
greater acceleration when gravity's pull is not opposed - when it is
falling. Earth's gravity at and near the surface of the planet can only
accelerate objects downward at one known, constant rate: 32 feet per second
for each second of free fall. As Galileo demonstrated centuries ago, heavier
objects are not accelerated any quicker than are lighter objects.

So Earth's gravity produces a downward acceleration of 32 feet per second
per second. This means that an object, after falling one second, will be
falling at a speed of 32 ft/sec. After the 2nd second, it will be falling at
64 ft/sec. After the 3rd second, it will be falling at 96 ft/sec., and so
on.

Further, since gravity's acceleration is constant, and an object is falling
at 32 ft/sec after one second has elapsed, we know that it has averaged 16
ft/sec for the entire distance. Thus after one second, the object has fallen
16 feet.

Scientists have derived simple free-fall equations that can be used to
harness this knowledge mathematically. These equations can be found in any
high-school physics book:

* Falling velocity = acceleration of gravity x time. (V = G x T)

And

* Distance fallen = 1/2 x acceleration of gravity x time squared. (D = 1/2
x G x T x T)

So if we want to know how far an object has free-fallen after 3 seconds:

Distance = 1/2 x 32 x 9 = 144 feet

So after 3 seconds in Earth's gravity, an object will have fallen 144 feet
and will be falling at 96 ft/sec.

Checking Our Work:

We've just solved a simple physics problem. Now let's check our work, using
conservation of energy.

We know that energy can neither be created nor destroyed - it merely changes
form. If we take the potential (in this case chemical, molecular) energy in
a barrel of oil and burn it, it changes to heat energy. When we burn
gasoline in our car's engine, we get kinetic (motional) energy, plus some
heat, as an engine is not 100% efficient. When we use our car's brakes to
bleed off some of that kinetic energy (slow down), that energy is converted
into heat (the brakes get hot). Explosives convert potential energy
[molecular or atomic] to kinetic energy (explosive force) quickly enough to
shatter or even pulverize concrete.

In the case of the free-falling object, the two kinds of energy we are
concerned with are kinetic energy and potential energy. Examples of
potential (gravitational) energy are the energy available from water stored
up high in a water tower, or a boulder perched atop a hill. If whatever is
holding it up there is removed, it will fall under the influence of
gravity's pull. As it accelerates downward, the potential energy is
converted to the kinetic energy of the object's motion.

So, as an object falls, it changes its potential energy into kinetic energy.

The equation for potential energy is:

* Potential Energy = Mass (or weight) x Gravity x Height. (PE = M x G x H)

The equation for kinetic energy is:

* Kinetic Energy = 1/2 x Mass x Velocity squared. (KE = 1/2 x M x V x V)

So let's just say, for the sake of simplicity, that our falling object has a
mass of 1. (Remember, the object's mass will affect its energy, and its
momentum, but not its rate of free-fall.)

The potential energy given up by falling 3 seconds (144 ft) is: 1 x 32 x 144
= 4608

The kinetic energy gained after falling 3 secs is 1/2 x 1 x 96 squared = 1/2
x 9216 = 4608

So, the available potential energy was converted into kinetic energy. Seeing
that energy was, in fact, conserved is how we know that the answer in the
simple case above was correct. We've checked our work, using an independent
analysis, based upon the sound physical principle of conservation of energy.
Now, and only now, we can be certain that our answer was correct.

One Little Complication - the effect of air resistance:

The free-fall equations above reflect a perfect, frictionless world. They
perfectly predict the behavior of falling bodies in a vacuum. In fact, you
may have seen a science class demonstration in which the air is pumped out
of a tube and then a feather will fall, in that vacuum, just as fast as will
a solid metal ball.

That's how parachutes work: much of the falling object's potential energy
gets expended doing the work of pushing a lot of air out of the way in order
for the object to fall. As a result, not all of the gravitational potential
energy can go towards accelerating the object downward at gravity's rate of
32 ft/sec/sec.

In other words, only when there is zero frictional resistance can any
falling object's potential energy be completely converted into kinetic
energy. Anything that resists a falling object's downward velocity reduces
its acceleration from the maximum gravitational acceleration of 32 feet per
second per second, as some of gravity's potential energy is consumed in
overcoming frictional resistance.

This explains the phenomena of "terminal velocity". The free-fall equations
predict that a falling object's velocity will continue to increase without
limit. But in air, once a falling object reaches a certain speed, its
propensity to fall will be matched by the air's resistance to the fall. At
that point the object will continue to fall, but its speed will no longer
increase over time. Another way of looking at it is this: gravity's
incessant force produces a downward acceleration, but friction with the air
creates an upward force and thus an upward acceleration. When falling at
terminal velocity, the acceleration downward equals the acceleration upward,
they cancel each other out, and a constant downward velocity is maintained.
Thus the parachute, with its high air friction resistance, allows the person
attached to it to float to earth unharmed.

A Quick Recap:

Earth's gravity causes objects to fall, and they fall according to precise
physical equations. The equations assume no air or other resistance. Any
resistance at all will cause the object to fall less rapidly than it would
without that resistance. If a falling object is affected by air resistance
it falls slower than it would if free-falling, and it will take longer to
fall a given distance.

Free-fall From WTC Building Heights:

The towers were 1350 and 1360 feet tall; average = 1355 feet. Let's start by
using our free-fall equation to see how long it should take an object to
free-fall from the towers' height.

Distance = 1/2 x Gravity x Time squared. (D = 1/2 x G x T x T)

With a little basic algebra, we solve the equation for the fall time, T:

2 x Distance = Gravity x Time(squared) (2 x D = G x T x T)

Time squared = (2 x Distance) / Gravity (T x T = 2 x D / G)

Time squared = 2 x 1355 / 32 = 84.7 (T = square root of (2 x D / G))

Time = 9.2

So our equation tells us that it takes 9.2 seconds to free-fall to the
ground from the height of the WTC towers.

Using our simpler equation, V = G x T, we can see that at 9.2 seconds, the
free-falling object's velocity must be about 295 ft/sec, which is just over
200 mph.

But that can only occur IN A VACUUM.

Since the WTC was in Earth's atmosphere at sea level, you might be able to
imagine how much air resistance that represents. Think about putting your
arm out the window of a car moving even half that fast! Most free-falling
objects reach their terminal velocity long before they reach 200 mph. For
example, the terminal velocity of a free-falling human body is around 120
mph. The terminal velocity of a free-falling cat is around 60 mph.

Therefore, it is clear that air resistance alone will make it take longer
than 9.2 seconds for anything falling from the towers' height to reach the
ground.

Observations from 9/11:

On page 305 of the 9/11 Commission Report, we are told, in the government's
"complete and final report" on 9/11, that the South Tower collapsed in 10
seconds. Here is the exact quote:

"At 9:58:59, the South Tower collapsed in ten seconds". That's the
government's official number. With all the videos that show it, they could
not lie about this.

But as we've determined above, the FREE-FALL TIME IN A VACUUM is 9.2
seconds, and 10 seconds is an exceptionally short fall time through the air.

This "collapse" was not without far more physical resistance than from the
air alone. It proceeded through all the lower stories of the tower. Those
undamaged floors below the plane impact zone offered resistance thousands of
times greater than that of air. Those lower stories, and the central steel
core columns, had successfully supported the mass of the tower for 30 years
despite hurricane-force winds and tremors. Air cannot do that.

Can anyone possibly imagine undamaged lower floors getting out of the way of
the upper floors as gracefully and relatively frictionlessly as air would?
Can anyone possibly imagine the lower stories slowing the fall of the upper
floors less than would, say, a parachute?

It is beyond the scope of the simple but uncontested physics here to tell
you how long such a collapse should have taken. Would it have taken a
minute? Ten minutes? Hard to say, but certainly it would take far more than
10 seconds!

What is certain, beyond any shadow of a doubt, is that the towers could not
have collapsed gravitationally, through their intact lower stories, as
rapidly as was observed on 9/11. Not even close. This is shown above to be
physically impossible!

Not only was tremendous energy expended in causing the observed massive
high-speed sideways debris ejections, but virtually all the concrete and
glass of the tower was pulverized - actually dissociated is a better word.
Never mind what happened to all the supporting steel core columns! The
energy requirements to do anything like that, alone, rival the total amount
of potential energy that the entire tower had to give. Gravity alone is
sufficient to cause some things to fall that far, even through air, in close
to the observed 10 second collapse time. But that is without the huge
expenditure of energy necessary to pulverize all of that concrete and glass,
eject debris, plus cause the steel core columns to effectively disappear.
The gravitational potential energy present was certainly not enough to have
done all these things at once.

Energy can neither be created nor destroyed; it only changes form. So WHERE
DID ALL THAT ADDITIONAL DESTRUCTIVE ENERGY COME FROM?

Conclusions:

In order for the towers to have collapsed "gravitationally" in the observed
duration, as we've been told over and over again, one or more of the
following zany-sounding conditions must have been met:

* The undamaged structure below the impact zone offered zero resistance to
the collapse.

* The glass and concrete spontaneously disintegrated without any expenditure
of energy.

* The massive vertical steel core columns simply vanished, as if by magic.

* On 9/11 alone, in that location alone, gravity was much stronger than
gravity.

* On 9/11 alone, in that location alone, energy was not conserved.

None of these laws-of-physics-violating, and thus impossible, conditions can
be accounted for by the official government theory of 9/11, nor by any of
the subsequent analyses and arguments designed to prop up this official myth
of 9/11.

The Bottom Line:

The government explanations for the WTC collapses fail the most basic
conservation-of-energy reality check. Therefore the government theory is
FALSE; it does not fit the observed facts, and the notion of a "pancake
collapse" cannot account for what happened. The "pancake collapse"
explanation is impossible, and thus absurd. It is A LIE.

It is utterly impossible for a gravitational collapse to proceed so
destructively through a path of such great resistance in anywhere near
free-fall time. This fact debunks the preposterous contention that the WTC
collapses can be blamed solely upon damage resulting from the plane impacts.
The unnaturally short durations of the top-down collapses reveal that the
towers did not disintegrate because they were coming down, but rather they
came down because something else was causing them to disintegrate.

So, to the extent that people accept the ridiculous "pancake collapse"
story, former CIA Director and current Secretary of Defense Gates' other
premise, that people know what they saw, is also false. It is left to you to
decide if his conclusion, which was based upon clearly incorrect
presumptions, is also flawed.

The collapse of WTC building 7, which was NOT hit by any plane, and which
also collapsed within a second of free-fall time later that same day,
similarly fails the conservation-of-energy analysis. The 9/11 Commission
made no attempt to explain it.

Just how and why so many highly-accredited and credentialed people all so
miserably failed to check the "pancake collapse" theory, by giving it this
basic physics reality check, is beyond the scope of this analysis.

---------------------------------
FURTHER IRREFUTABLE PROOF BY PHYSICS OF THE 9/11 INSIDE JOB:

http://vehme.blogspot.com/2007/12/glaring-proof-of-something-hotter-than.html

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planck's_law_of_black_body_radiation
 
Government Shill #2...
Posted: Sat Oct 24, 2009 12:06 pm
Guest
On Sat, 24 Oct 2009 13:54:34 -0400, "Freedom Man" <liberty at (no spam) once.net> wrote:

Quote:
"Electra" <honda900f at (no spam) excite.com> wrote in message
news:580cf602-bd8b-4015-b927-671366c2a5ca at (no spam) m25g2000vbi.googlegroups.com...
On Oct 23, 4:00 pm, Government Shill #2 <gov.sh... at (no spam) gmail.com> wrote:
On Fri, 23 Oct 2009 15:37:40 -0400, "Freedom Man" <libe... at (no spam) once.net
wrote:

If Freedom Man says a foolish thing fifty million times, it is
still a foolish thing.
Me (with apologies to Anatole France)

"Government Shill" (which is literally true here) is among those government
coverup shills that, unable to refute the scientific facts reported, resorts
in childish frustration to ad-hominem attack.


Ridicule is the only weapon which can be used against unintelligible
positions.
Thomas Jefferson


--
Shill #2

If Freedom Man says a foolish thing fifty million times, it is
still a foolish thing.
Me (with apologies to Anatole France)
 
 
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