Main Page | Report this Page
 
   
Hobby Forum Index  »  Arts - Fine  »  Immanuel Kant and Scott Peck...
Page 1 of 2    Goto page 1, 2  Next
Author Message
...
Posted: Sat Jul 12, 2008 2:48 am
Guest
Scott Peck was to psychology what Immanuel Kant
was to Western philosophy. In the same way as Kant
had used philosophy, after a blossoming during
Enlightenment and Romanticism, to affectuate a
return to the Protestant dogmas that philosophy had
sought to replace, so did Peck use psychology, after its
psychoanalitic beginnings in early 20th century and its
existential humanistic blossoming in 1960s and 1970s,
to affectuate a return to religious dogmas that
psychology had struggled to overcome.

The philosophy of Kant - and the psychology of Peck -
employed a device referred to by Mortimer Adler as
suicidal epistemologizing and suicidal psychologizing.
Kant claimed that the imperfection of human perception
meant that it was only capable of apprehending the
phenomenal (apparent) instead of the noumenal (the
true); he also claimed that beauty was relative, illusory
and insignificant ("in the eye"). With these claims he
trivialized and denigrated both science and art. In
creating in public mind the suspicion of both empirical
and intuitive modes of cognition, practiced respectively
by Enlightenment and Romanticism, he destroyed both
Enlightenment and Romanticism. In the same manner
did Peck, through his contributions, place in the public
mind contempt for and denigration of both reason and
passion, equating the first with Cartesian logic that was
inadequate to describe his experience of synchronicities,
and claiming the second an invalid basis for either
relationship or meaningful interaction. The result has
been contempt and invalidation of both reason and
passion and the destruction, first by philosophy then by
psychology, of both aspects of humankind.

Both of course are wrong in all aspects. Reason is not
limited to Cartesian dogmatism, and the intellectual and
scientific pursuits, in higher physics, anthropology, and
more advanced psychological studies, have uncovered
knowledge that entirely exceeds Cartesian dogmatisms
and its brainchildren - skepticism, behaviorism, logical
positivism, and similar abominations. Beauty has been
shown scientifically to exist both in absolute and in
relative forms. As for romantic passion, it has been at
the root of the best marriages I've ever seen - marriages
that produced wholesome families, meaningful and
lasting love between partners, beautiful and intelligent
and accomplished children, and are still going strong 50
or 60 years down the road. In taking the stances that
they did, Kant and Peck thus became destructive of
both the intellectual and the passionate aspects of man -
and destructive of all the greatness and progress and
richness of life that these two aspects have produced.
And in pursuit of their dogmas, was created a character
that is essentially necrophilic (death-seeking) and
seeks to destroy, in its relations, policies, thoughts and
activities, all that creates and affirms and adds to life.

In both cases, a pursuit that produced great
improvement for many and at multiple levels was
effectively destroyed by being used against its own
foundations. With Kant, philosophy had destroyed itself -
both Enlightenment philosophy that made possible
Western science and Western democracy, and
Romantic philosophy that made possible the world's
greatest literature, cultural blossoming and richest
interpersonal experience and relations - by claiming the
mechanism for both to be imperfect or trivial. With
Peck, so did psychology, in both its analytical and its
humanistic aspect - by trivializing and denigrating the
aspects of human being to which it spoke and which
it worked to describe. And the pursuits that have given
the Western world its greatest accomplishments -
democracy, science, innovation, freedom, great
literature and art, understanding of nature, civil and
human rights, meaningful and beautiful relationships
between men and women, and humanistic life-affirming
values that went to a great length to make most of both
accomplishment and experience - were subverted by
the pursuit that had conceptualized them being used to
destroy its own foundations. And in both cases, the
result was an imposition, against a flourishing of life
through affirmation of passion and intellect, of orders
and character that were fundamentally anti-life.

The Victorianism that followed Kant, like the three
decades that followed Peck, were contemptuous of both
intellect and passion - contemptuous as such of the life-
enhancing and life-affirming aspects of humanity. It is a
mentality that by its own nature can only lend to
systemic violence, oppression, and war against both
feeling and intellect, which lead directly to abusive,
controlling and systematically destructive mental,
emotional and relational habits in people who are a part
of that mentality. But furthermore still it leads to destruction
of all that thought and feeling make possible: science,
democracy, freedom, ingenuity, innovaton, human rights,
beauty, compassion, art, love, vitality, and every meaningful
form of improvement in people's lives. This, of course, has
been the essential character of both the Victorian era and its
more contemporary equivalent. And just as Kant and Peck
came to believe that the source of evil was hubris - which
their followers use to damn both reason and passon and
people who affirmed, cultivated and benefited from both -
so has the far greater hubris of their own mentality made
apparent itself in its values and its effects.

In both cases, just as Kant used philosophy, and Peck
used psychology, to destroy the ages of reason and
passion, so have the concepts they brought in to
replace them convicted the orders that they had
ushered in. The Protestant morals that were used and
then hideously misused to sustain the dark night of
Victorianism were in the end employed themselves to
convict as morally damnable an order that consigned
the bulk of the people in it to colonization, child labor,
brutality, squalor, suffocating formalism, hysterical
prudery, internecine warfare, disconnection from life
both within and without, and brutal, cruel, degrading,
unforgiving existence. Likewise the concept of
responsibility that was used and then hideously
misused for the last three decades is now making
apparent the irresponsibility of suffocating innovation in
energy sector to keep alive the stranglehold of oil
cartels, giving taxpayer subsidies to beef industry that
takes 10 times as much biomass to produce a burger
than the vegetable industry to produce an equivalent
amount of grain, consuming 4,000 calories a day and
driving SUVs while millions are dying because of
disastrous climatic events caused by ecosystemic
destruction and accumulation of CO2 emissions in the
atmosphere, destroying with no thought for the future or
for what made them possible the natural treasures that
man cannot conceivably recreate, and ladening the
future generations with trillions of dollars in debt, amid
collapsing family incomes, in order to pay for an
economic stimulus that never came. By applying at the
collective level the characteristic that is demanded of
the individual, is seen the corruption of the arrangement
itself. Victorian moralism was rightfully used to show
the moral wrongness of the Victorian order; and the
more modern-day responsibility is likewise making
apparent the irresponsibility of the present one.

And just as personality psychology has been used and
hideously misused in the period following Peck to target
people who thought or felt differently from the social or
communal entities of place and time, whatever the
character of these entities or their intent or the actual
substance of their beliefs and behaviors, so has it been
used by others, rightly or wrongly, to describe business,
politics, religion, psychology, media, and even the
Western civilization, as possessing a psychopathic and
predatory character. The same concept is now used by
me to describe any communal or social entity that seeks
unlimited power over the minds, beliefs, personalities
and lives of the people within it - and then seeks to
impose itself on others.

To believe that an unofficial organ of power, that unlike
official organs of power in a constitutional democracy is
not subject to check and balance and official
accountability, is somehow less prone to corruption and
wrong and abuses of power than official organs of
power, is ridiculous. Such an entity becomes law,
reality and sanity unto itself and therefore is capable of
the worst forms of corruption and systemic crime. And
in countries where the power of official organs is
checked and balanced and made to accord with
constitution and bill of rights, but for some or another
reason the power of unofficial organs is not subjected to
similar scrutiny and is thus used to commit most
horrendous abuses and most illegal abominations
against the people within them and without them, these
entities not only can be seen as unconstitutional, but in
fact should be seen themselves as possessing the
worst of these disorders.

The sociopathic character that does not recognize law,
is the character of the community or the social network
that becomes law unto itself and thus not only
perpetuates and then covers up systemic crime while
totally controlling the people within it, but also
commands of people inside of them unconditional
loyalty regardless of scale of their crimes against
people both inside and without. And it is these
entities, not the people they demonize, that are the true
danger not only to democracy, but to humankind as it
exists at this time and as it stands to exist in the
foreseeable future. The crimes and coverups of small
towns, gangs, old-boy networks, cults, Islamists,
Jehovah's Witnesses, paramilitary organizations, and
corrupt networks and operations in medicine, law,
police, courts, psychiatry, and politics, are a far graver
threat to rule of law than are the works of any number of
axe murderers - and they affect people's lives to a far
greater extent.

The same can be likewise said of religions that think
that they are superior to both nature and to humanity -
indeed to entire universe - and denigrate then destroy all
accomplishments of science, democracy, business, art,
literature, human rights, and nature in all its richness, in
order to make room for their supremacy over a world
that they have inherited both from nature and from the
people who had created and contributed to these
pursuits. The people who claim the universe to be
God's, and all accomplishments of mankind and the
vibrancy of nature and all things lovable to be belongings
of God, appropriate for the Church or the Mosque that
had created none of these things - that destroyed them
where they existed and resisted most of them every
step of the way when they arose in the areas of
their dominion - the credit for nature and for humanity
and all things lovable and life-affirming, both natural and
manmade. All things of course that the Church and the
Mosque condemn, deny, sabotage and then, when
created by others and coerced from others, want to
claim as their own to wield as tools of control against
the existing and yet-to-exist. Such an entity can by
itself be seen as not only psychopathic and
narcissistic, but totalitarian and indeed necrophilic.
For such an entity to claim to define people, humanity,
nature, and all that exists in the world, as any kind of
evil or good, is preposterous. The evil belongs with
these entities themselves and with the philosophers and
psychologists - Immanuel Kant and Scott Peck - who
brought them back into influence in these respective
endeavors, after the mind and the genius of humanity in
both these endeavors and their brainchildren had
struggled to help humanity out of their grasp.

The religious supremacism has become so complete as
to war in the past decade, with effective and thoroughly
disastrous results, against both science and democracy
as well as constitutional law. In the same way as it has
warred in the previous two decades against individuality,
relationships, culture, eros, beauty and romance, it is
now warring, disastrously, against science and
democracy. First it destroys Romanticism; then it aims
straight for Enlightenment. And it is then that is seen its
true character, in all its psychopathic totalitarian
apocalyptic horror.

The extent of the necrophilic character of such a mind is
seen in its future predictions. Its hubristic hatred of life
at all levels is so complete as to foresee a violent
destruction of the world itself. And the economics and
politics practiced by those who most loudly claim to
profess Islam and Christianity are all directed toward
planetary destruction and global war. There is no future
in this; the future in this is complete destruction of all that
lives on the planet. And I see it as duty of man, as a
being of life, to not only preserve nature but to preserve
humanity, and to create a future in which both humanity
and nature can live, coexist, blossom, and reach their
ever-greatest fruition and accomplishment.

This comes through thinking - and pursuant that activity
at all levels - that is affirming of life at all levels and
dedicated to its enhancement, enrichment and
perpetuation. The necrophilic mentalities - and pursuant
that the necrophilic effect on the world of all the
activities that they inform - must be replaced with ones
that are biophilic and make most of life - both human
and natural - in short, medium, and long-term. With this
change in mind, all human pursuits - business, politics,
technology, relationships, families, science, art,
education, spirituality - can begin to work toward a
viable future. The people who truly love and embrace life,
will value life, and will create demand for - and supply of -
economics, technologies, policies, ideas, art, and
modes of interaction that are life-affirming and that
add to life, extend life, and make possible life worth
living for their descendants and for humanity, as much
as they will take care to protect life that they have not
created. The people who think that destroying the world
will get them to heaven, will and do take their political,
economic, spiritual and interpersonal activities to the
direction of violence, destruction, plunder, theft, torture,
abuse, and death.

Romantic attitudes are a logical consummation of
rational ones and their further development. The mind is
contemptuous of nature until it actually studies nature
and finds in its workings the mechanisms far more
intricate and intelligent than any that it itself has yet
known how to contrive. By the time the science can
actually create anything of similar quality or complexity
as a living being, it has full respect for natural life; at
which point it can learn to build on it, improve on it,
create sustainable agriculture and development,
recreate some of what was blindly driven into extinction,
and even create new life. Similarly, the mind has
contempt for - "instinct," feeling, passion, eros,
sexuality, nurturing, reproduction - until it actually
studies the mechanisms of these things long enough to
find in them similar intricacy and intelligence - at which
point it realizes the extent of its complexity as being
superior to anything that it itself knows how to create.
At which point it likewise develops respect for what it
would by itself see as inferior function, and then actually
becomes capable of creating and building and even
improving upon humanity. True natural science, like true
psychology, build understanding enough to achieve
respect for what they study. And it is only then that
they can replicate and even improve on these givens. At
this point, the mind becomes an intelligent creator
instead of a dumb destroyer. And then - only then - can
man's rationality be said as itself having legitimately
earned respect.

To tip the balance for life, man must become a creator
more than he is a destroyer. At all levels of thinking -
and all levels of action - man must do more to enhance
life than he is to destroy it. It is then that there is a
better future in view than that of the Apocalypse. And it
is then that man can be said to be equal to nature and
even possibly an improver.

The period after Victorianism saw electricity,
telephones, airplanes, automobiles, skyscrapers,
women's rights, middle class, Panama Canal, national
parks, higher physics, film, psychology, Harlem
Renaissance, Einstein, Fitzgerald, Akhmatova,
Modligliani, and an open, livable social climate that
directly enhanced both the quality of people's lives and
accomplishment of civilization. What this period of
innovation and freedom was for 20th century, can be
accomplished on even greater scale for 21st at this
time. Solar and hydrogen energy, space travel and
colonization, nanotechnology, biotechnology,
economics designed to maximize intelligent creation
and minimize destruction of what one has not created,
prudent resource management, intelligent collaboration
between private and public sectors, affirmation and
rigorous defense of human rights, values favorable to
innovative and creative thinking, positive regard for and
affirmation of both the feminine and the masculine and a
mutual understanding between one another allowing
beautiful and happy relationships and marriages,
respect for and cultivation of both feeling and intellect,
affirmation and cultivation of both individuality and
dedication to benefit of the species, and political and
economic policies designed to maximize intelligent
creation and minimize blind destruction, can be a seed
of a renaissance with unlimited potential both for the
currently living and for the yet-to-exist.

This can only come from this: An understanding of and
respect for life at all levels, allowing man to see and feel
life at all levels and, enriched with this understanding, to
become an organ of life-creation, life-perpetuation, and
life-enhancement, making possible livable long-term
future for both the planet and humankind. Necessary is
a concept of human being as an integral entity with
relation to self, species and nature, that leads to an
affirmation of individuality and an affirmation of humanity
and an affirmation of nature, allowing people maximal
self-definition, maximal contribution to good of the
species, and appreciation of nature resulting in minimal
damage to it. Necessary is a recognition and valuation
of all aspects of life in both natural and human forms,
creating a life-affirming mentality that finds expression in
people's thoughts, feelings and actions, and thus their
effect on the world as well as the covenants they create.
The values, perceptions, cognitions, and consequently
arts, science, economics, policies, and relationships,
would all be improved by transition to modes of thinking
that are affirming of life at the natural, individual and
species-directed levels. And then all these pursuits
will direct themselves to creation of life and enrichment
of life instead of its destruction, while having respect
enough for what man has not created to minimize
damage to it.

The future can and should be better than present, and
there is a way of making it so. It comes from embracing
the modes of thought, feeling and relating that recognize
and make most of life at all levels and moving beyond
destructive, necrophilic mentalities and orders, to ones
that are biophilic and creative, resulting in similar
transformation in all activities of humankind. It is time to
embrace nature, humanity and life itself, and to create
for all these a viable future. The choice is about nothing
less than artificial destruction of the planet and all its
inhabitants, or a sustained improvement in life human
and natural for as long as the informed genius of
humanity embracing and building upon the givens
makes it possible for nature and for humanity to flourish,
grow, and reach ever greater achievement and ever
richer experience and fruition of life.

Ilya Shambat
http://www.myspace.com/ibshambat
http://ibshambat7.blogspot.com
bigfletch8 at (no spam) gmail.com...
Posted: Sat Jul 12, 2008 5:40 am
Guest
On Jul 12, 10:48 pm, ibshambat2... at (no spam) hotmail.com wrote:

Quote:
richer experience and fruition of life.

Ilya Shambathttp://www.myspace.com/ibshambathttp://ibshambat7.blogspot.com

SNIP..

In short, think better and be better.

Now all as we both have to do is work out a way that we can encourage
others to follow suit. Yeahh, right...!

The funde-mental flaw in such idelogy is in the belief that somehow
mankind is 'outside' and not 'part of' nature, with all its
interaction of creative, maintaining, and destructive activity.

But, of course, that is only appreciated from those further down The
Road Less Travelled, a very 'natural road'.

BOfL
Sean Cleary...
Posted: Sat Jul 12, 2008 7:12 am
Guest
wow!
I was waiting for the nasty turn, and it did not come!
Anyway thank you for all of this.
Sean
%...
Posted: Sat Jul 12, 2008 7:58 am
Guest
hi
David...
Posted: Sat Jul 12, 2008 7:58 am
Guest
sure fine

"%" <persent at (no spam) gmail.com> wrote in message
news:IT1ek.3815$1o6.3483 at (no spam) edtnps83...
Quote:
hi

Just Me...
Posted: Sat Jul 12, 2008 8:41 am
Guest
On Jul 12, 7:48 am, ibshambat2... at (no spam) hotmail.com wrote:
Quote:
Scott Peck was to psychology what Immanuel Kant
was to Western philosophy. In the same way as Kant
had used philosophy, after a blossoming during
Enlightenment and Romanticism, to affectuate a
return to the Protestant dogmas that philosophy had
sought to replace, so did Peck use psychology, after its
psychoanalitic beginnings in early 20th century and its
existential humanistic blossoming in 1960s and 1970s,
to affectuate a return to religious dogmas that
psychology had struggled to overcome.

The philosophy of Kant - and the psychology of Peck -
employed a device referred to by Mortimer Adler as
suicidal epistemologizing and suicidal psychologizing.
Kant claimed that the imperfection of human perception
meant that it was only capable of apprehending the
phenomenal (apparent) instead of the noumenal (the
true); he also claimed that beauty was relative, illusory
and insignificant ("in the eye"). With these claims he
trivialized and denigrated both science and art.

Anyone who knows his Kant at first hand, recognizes all this for a
complete failure to comprehend the most fundamental elements of what
the great man had to say.

Here's just a few points from an essay on Kantian Metaphysics
from . . .

http://mackiemesser.zoomshare.com/2.shtml
--
Kant was being given to understand, most especially with a view to
Geometry, that by fixing upon certain indemonstrable First Principles
intuited as being self-evident, if what follows from those things
axiomatically is seen to be in accord with logic without fault, and as
such produces results in the real world, then this is science just as
surely as the empirical method is science. . .

Unlike the facts and data of empiricism, these theorems cannot be
proven by anything *prior* to themselves, or i.e. higher in priority
of universality, causality, time, position, motion, category, genus,
etc. This is the meaning of that which is *a priori*, better known, or
previously known.

Somewhere the process comes to that for which nothing is prior. And
this is where we come to a concept, a theorem, a principle which like
some star just radiates its truth self-evidently--but how?

This paragraph will be somewhat confusing, but this is to speak of
that which is in Kant's terms, "noumenal", the *thing in itself*,
entire. The noumenal reality which stands within and behind all
phenomena (the "subtle mind" and "subtle body" which Buddhists have
always understood) is something that the human mind already,
concretely, congenitally (albeit often unconsciously) knows, *a
priori* as untutored by anything outside the figure/ground *gestalt*
of itself and the thing contemplated.

Something the mind sees naturally, in that thing, of what it is, in
itself, *noumenatively*, it knows because something in the makeup of
the mind is like that thing, or somehow, by Nature, *is* that thing
and so has an affinity of understanding as to that thing.

Both things being natural, reason and the object of reason, the mind
knowing itself, ineffably knows its own nature, thinks its own nature,
works according to its nature, by which it intuits an analog of itself
to the thing of nature contemplated and understands what it is--mind
to thing--without intervention of anything else.

Here in the self-evident truth, the mind is in synthesis with its
object.
--
The triumph of Kant was supreme, in realms of thought and study where
empiricism can provide no useful data that would not be subject in its
interpretation to the fallacies of what he proves to be the logical
"antinomies" where the opposite of a proposition can be proven to be
just as valid as the proposition itself. Hence the ethical, political,
sociological and psychological arguments that go on ad infinitum, ad
nauseam.

Kant shows this to be the case whenever arguments from physical or
statistical data (phenomena) are given to the nonphysical "noumena" of
subjects such as God and Ethics, let alone politics, sociology, and as
I would argue, psychology. Such arguments can only speciously
analogize from phenomena to noumena whenever "thing in itself" under
study can produce no data of itself.

For example: no aspect of the law, "Thou shalt not commit adultery"
can be brought into the laboratory for observation and experiment. You
can't carbon date it, or subject it to spectral analysis, and you
can't speciously analogize from the adulterous white lab rat to the
skirt-chasing, philandering human--not unless you can dig up from the
ground somewhere the original tablets of the "Lab Rat Ten
Commandments" to show that there is consciousness of adultery in the
rat. And when the betrayed wife is heard to shout, "So now you come
home at three in the morning, you dirty, sneaking rat!" Will you
suppose to have found a significant correspondence between the lab and
the human condition?

Hardly. And for this reason the very noumenal quality of things like
adultery, murder, human kindness, the Oedipus complex, any alleged
lies behind the War in Iraq cannot be touched by the empirical method,
which is bound to turn up as much date for as against the endless
argumentation. Rather! These things are all ethical and sociological
geometries whose axioms may be arrived upon by no other approach than
that of Pure Reason.

And what are these but analyses and syntheses to and from self-
evident, a priori judgments, which are only so by force of their being
universal, absolute. As such, the analytically a priori is always
general, and never at hazard of being only speciously, or i.e.
specifically, anecdotally true.

To argue from the specific anecdote to the general is to mistake, or
dishonestly place the specious for the specific and to falsely
identify the specific as the general, the species of Howler monkey for
the whole genus of monkeys.

In lieu of having some knowledge at first hand in the pioneering
logical adventures and discoveries of Aristotle, there is little hope
of ever understanding Kant at any hand--and certainly not mine.
--
JM http://whosenose.blogspot.com http://jesusexegesis.blogspot.com
Malrassic Park...
Posted: Sat Jul 12, 2008 1:53 pm
Guest
On Sat, 12 Jul 2008 05:48:48 -0700 (PDT), ibshambat2004 at (no spam) hotmail.com
wrote the following bullshot:

Quote:
Scott Peck was to psychology what Immanuel Kant
was to Western philosophy. In the same way as Kant
had used philosophy, after a blossoming during
Enlightenment and Romanticism, to affectuate a
return to the Protestant dogmas that philosophy

Wank wank, you are so lost in your idiocy all you can do is wank.
--

" If I had remembered that the name 'Galt' appears
in one of her books, I would have chosen a different
name for my character."

Stephen R. Donaldson, "Gradual Interview"
Immortalist...
Posted: Sat Jul 12, 2008 8:19 pm
Guest
On Jul 12, 11:53 am, Malrassic Park <malen... at (no spam) hotmail.com> wrote:
Quote:
On Sat, 12 Jul 2008 05:48:48 -0700 (PDT), ibshambat2... at (no spam) hotmail.com
wrote the following bullshot:

Scott Peck was to psychology what Immanuel Kant
was to Western philosophy. In the same way as Kant
had used philosophy, after a blossoming during
Enlightenment and Romanticism, to affectuate a
return to the Protestant dogmas that philosophy

Wank wank, you are so lost in your idiocy all you can do is wank.
--

" If I had remembered that the name 'Galt' appears
in one of her books, I would have chosen a different
name for my character."

Stephen R. Donaldson, "Gradual Interview"

Give em something to refute man.

The Story of Philosophy
The Lives and Opinions of the Great Philosophers of the Western World
by WILL DURANT
http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/0671739166/

[C] - The Critique of Pure Reason

What is meant by this title? Critique is not precisely a criticism,
but a critical analysis; Kant is not attacking "pure reason," except,
at the end, to show its limitations; rather he hopes to show its
possibility, and to exalt it above the impure knowledge which comes to
us through the distorting channels of sense. For "pure" reason is to
mean knowledge that does not come through our senses, but is
independent of all sense experience; knowledge belonging to us by the
inherent nature and structure of the mind.

At the very outset, then, Kant flings down a challenge to Locke and
the English school: knowledge is not all derived from the senses. Hume
thought he had shown that there is no soul, and no science; that our
minds are but our ideas in procession and association; and our
certainties but probabilities in perpetual danger of violation. These
false conclusions, says Kant, are the result of false premises: you
assume that all knowledge comes from "separate and distinct"
sensations; naturally these cannot give you necessity, or invariable
sequences of which you may be forever certain; and naturally you must
not expect to "see" your soul, even with the eyes of the internal
sense. Let us grant that absolute certainty of knowledge is impossible
if all knowledge comes from sensation, from an independent external
world which owes us no promise of regularity of behavior. But what if
we have knowledge that is independent of sense-experience, knowledge
whose truth is certain to us even before experience-a priori? Then
absolute truth, and absolute science, would become possible, would it
not? Is there such absolute knowledge? This is the problem of the
first Critique. "My question is, what we can hope to achieve with
reason, when all the material and assistance of experience are taken
away." The Critique becomes a detailed biology of thought, an
examination of the origin and evolution of concepts, an analysis of
the inherited structure of the mind. This, as Kant believes, is the
entire problem of metaphysics. "In this book I have chiefly aimed at
completeness; and I venture to maintain that there ought not to be one
single metaphysical problem that has not been solved here, or to the
solution of which the key at least has not here been supplied." Exegi
monumentum aere perennius! With such egotism nature spurs us on to
creation.

The Critique comes to the point at once. "Experience is by no means
the only field to which our understanding can be confined. Experience
tells us what is, but not that it must be necessarily what it is and
not otherwise. It therefore never gives us any really general truths;
and our reason, which is particularly anxious for that class of
knowledge, if roused by it rather than satisfied. General truths,
which at the same time bear the character of an inward necessity, must
be independent of experience,-clear and certain in themselves." That
is to say, they must be true no matter what our later experience may
be; true even before experience; true a priori. "How far we can
advance independently of all experience, in a priori knowledge, is
shown by the brilliant example of mathematics." Mathematical knowledge
is necessary and certain; we cannot conceive of future experience
violating it. We may believe that the sun will "rise" in the west to-
morrow, or that some day, in some conceivable asbestos world, fire
will not burn stick; but we cannot for the life of us believe that two
times two will ever make anything else than four. Such truths are true
before experience; they do not depend on experience past, present, or
to come. Therefore they are absolute and necessary truths; it is
inconceivable that they should ever become untrue. But whence do we
get this character of absoluteness and necessity? Not from experience;
for experience gives us nothing but separate sensations and events,
which may alter their sequence in the future. These truths derive
their necessary character from the inherent structure of our minds,
from the natural and inevitable manner in which our minds must
operate. For the mind of man (and here at last is the great thesis of
Kant) is not passive wax upon which experience and sensation write
their absolute and yet whimsical will; nor is it a mere abstract name
for the series or group of mental states; it is an active organ which
moulds and coordinates sensations into ideas, an organ which
transforms the chaotic multiplicity of experience into the ordered
unity of thought.*

*Radical empiricism" (James, Dewey, etc.) enters the controversy at
this point, and argues, against both Hume and Kant, that experience
gives u» relations and sequences as well as sensationi and events.

But how?

1. - Transcendental Esthetic

The effort to answer this question, to study tile inherent structure
of the mind, or the innate laws of thought, is what Kant calls
"transcendental philosophy," because it is a problem transcending
sense-experience. "1 call knowledge transcendental which is occupied
not so much with objects, as with our a priori concepts of objects."-
with our modes of correlating our experience into knowledge. There are
two grades or stages in this process of working up the raw material of
sensation into the finished product of thought. The first stage is the
coordination of sensations by applying to them the forms of perception-
space and time; the second stage is the coordination of the
perceptions so developed, by applying to them the forms of conception-
the "categories" of thought. Kant, using the word esthetic in its
original and| etymological sense, as connoting sensation or feeling,
calls the study of the first of these stages "Transcendental
Esthetic"; and using the word logic as meaning the science of the
forms of thought, he calls the study of the second stage
"Transcendental Logic." These are terrible words, which will take
meaning as the argument proceeds; once over this hill, the road to
Kant will be comparatively clear.

Now just what is meant by sensations and perceptions?-and how does the
mind change the former into the latter? By itself a sensation is
merely the awareness of a stimulus; we have a taste on the tongue, an
odor in the nostrils, a sound in the ears, a temperature on the skin,
a flash of light on the retina, a pressure on the fingers: it is the
raw crude beginning of experience; it is what the infant has in the
early days of its groping mental life; it is not yet knowledge. But
let these various sensations group themselves about an object in space
and time-say this apple; let the odor in the nostrils, and the taste
on the tongue, the light on the retina, the shape-revealing pressure
on the fingers and the hand, unite and group themselves about this
"thing": and there is now an awareness not so much of a stimulus as of
a specific object; there is a perception. Sensation has passed into
knowledge.

But again, was this passage, this grouping, automatic? Did the
sensations of themselves, spontaneously and naturally, fall into a
cluster and an order, and so become perception Yes, said Locke and
Hume; not at all, says Kant.

For these varied sensations come to us through varied channels of
sense, through a thousand "afferent nerves" that pass from skin and
eye and ear and tongue into the brain; what a medley of messengers
they must be as they crowd into the chambers of the mind, calling for
attention! No wonder Plato spoke of "the rabble of the senses." And
left to themselves, they remain rabble, a chaotic "manifold,"
pitifully impotent, waiting to be ordered into meaning and purpose and
power. As readily might the messages brought to a general from a
thousand sectors of the battle-line weave themselves unaided into
comprehension and command. No; there is a law-giver for this mob, a
directing and coordinating power that does not merely receive, but
takes these atoms of sensation and moulds them into sense.

Observe, first, that not all of the messages are accepted. Myriad
forces play upon your body at this moment;; a storm of stimuli beats
down upon the nerve-endings which, amoebalike, you put forth to
experience the external world: but not all that call are chosen; only
those sensations are selected that can be moulded into perceptions
suited to your present purpose, or that bring those imperious messages
of danger which are always relevant. The clock is ticking, and you do
not hear it; but that same ticking, not louder than before, will be
heard at once if your purpose wills it so. The mother asleep at her
infant's cradle is deaf to the turmoil of life about her; but let the
little one move, and the mother gropes her way back to waking
attention like a diver rising hurriedly to the surface of the sea. Let
the purpose be addition, and the stimulus "two and three" brings the
response, "five"; let the purpose be multiplication, and the same
stimulus, the same auditory sensations, "two and three," bring the
response, "six." Association of sensations or ideas is not merely by
contiguity in space or time, nor by similarity, nor by recency,
frequency or intensity of experience; it is above all determined by
the purpose of the mind. Sensations and thoughts are servants, they
await our call, they do not come unless we need them. There is an
agent of selection and direction that uses them and is their master.
In addition to the sensations and the ideas there is the mind.

This agent of selection and coordination, Kant thinks, uses first of
all two simple methods for the classification of the material
presented to it: the sense of space, and the sense of time. As the
general arranges the messages brought him according to the place for
which they come, and the time at which they were written, and so finds
an order and a system for them all; so the mind allocates its
sensations in space and time, attributes them to this object here or
that object there, to this present time or to that past. Space and
time are not things perceived, but modes of perception, ways of
putting sense into sensation; space and time are organs of perception.

They are a priori, because all ordered experience involves and
presupposes them. Without them, sensations could never grow into
perceptions. They are a priori because it is inconceivable that we
should ever have any future experience that will not also involve
them. And because they are a priori, their laws, which are the laws of
mathematics, are a priori, absolute and necessary, world without end.
It is not merely probable, it is certain that we shall never find a
straight line that is not the shortest distance between two points.
Mathematics, at least, is saved from the dissolvent scepticism of
David Hume.

Can all the sciences be similarly saved? Yes, if their basic
principle, the law of causality-that a given cause must always be
followed by a given effect-can be shown, like space and time, to be so
inherent in all the processes of understanding that no future
experience can be conceived that would violate or escape it. Is
causality, too, a priori, an indispensable prerequisite and condition
of all thought?

2. - Transcendental Analytic

So we pass from the wide field of sensation and perception to the dark
and narrow chamber of thought; from "transcendental esthetic" to
"transcendental logic." And first to the naming and analysis of those
elements in our thought which are not so much given to the mind by
perception as given to perception by the mind; those levers which
raise the "perceptual" knowledge of objects into the "conceptual"
knowledge of relationships, sequences, and laws; those tools of the
mind which refine experience into science. Just as perceptions
arranged sensations around objects in space and time, so conception
arranges perceptions (objects and events) about the ideas of cause,
unity, reciprocal relation, necessity, contingency, etc.; these and
other "categories" are the structure into which perceptions are
received, and by which they are classified and moulded into the
ordered concepts of thought. These are the very essence and character
of the mind; mind is the coordination of experience.

And here again observe the activity of this mind that was, to Locke
and Hume, mere "passive wax" under the blows of sense-experience.
Consider a system of thought like Aristotle's; is it conceivable that
this almost cosmic ordering of data should have come by the automatic,
anarchistic spontaneity of the data themselves? See this magnificent
card-catalogue in the library, intelligently ordered into sequence by
human purpose. Then picture all these card-cases thrown upon the
floor, all these cards scattered pell-mell into riotous disorder. Can
you now conceive these scattered cards pulling themselves up,
Munchausen-like, from their disarray, passing quietly into their
alphabetical and topical places in their proper boxes, and each box
into its fit place in the rack,-until all should be order and sense
and purpose again? What a miracle-story these sceptics have given us
after all!

Sensation is unorganized stimulus, perception is organized sensation,
conception is organized perception, science is organized knowledge,
wisdom is organized life: each is a greater degree of order, and
sequence, and unity. Whence this order, this sequence, this unity? Not
from the things themselves; for they are known to us only by
sensations that come through a thousand channels at once in disorderly
multitude; it is our purpose that put order and sequence and unity
upon this importunate lawlessness; it is ourselves, our personalities,
our minds, that bring light upon these seas. Locke was wrong when he
said, "There is nothing in the intellect except what was first in the
senses"; Leibnitz was right when he added,-"nothing, except the
intellect itself." "Perceptions without conceptions," says Kant, "are
blind." If perceptions wove themselves automatically into ordered
thought, if mind were not an active effort hammering out order from
chaos, how could the same experience leave one man mediocre, and in a
more active and tireless soul be raised to the light of wisdom and the
beautiful logic of truth?

The world, then, has order, not of itself, but because the thought
that knows the world is itself an ordering, the first stage in that
classification of experience which at last is science and philosophy.
The laws of thought are also the laws of things, for things are known
to us only through this thought that must obey these laws, since it
and they are one; in effect, as Hegel was to say, the laws of logic
and the laws of nature are one, and logic and metaphysics merge. The
generalized principles of science are necessary because they are
ultimately laws of thought that are involved and presupposed in every
experience, past, present, and to come. Science is absolute, and truth
is everlasting.

3. - Transcendental Dialectic

Nevertheless, this certainty, this absoluteness, of the highest
generalizations of logic and science, is, paradoxically, limited and
relative: limited strictly to the field of actual experience, and
relative strictly to our human mode of experience. For if our analysis
has been correct, the world as we know it is a construction, a
finished product, almost-one might say-a manufactured article, to
which the mind contributes as much by its moulding forms as the thing
contributes by its stimuli. (So we perceive the top of the table as
round, whereas our sensation is of an ellipse.) The object as it
appears to us is a phenomenon, an appearance, perhaps very different
from the external object before it came within the ken of our senses;
what that original object was we can never know; the "thing-in-itself"
may be an object of thought or inference (a "noumenon"), but it cannot
be experienced,-for in being experienced it would be changed by its
passage through sense and thought. "It remains completely unknown to
us what objects may be by themselves and apart from the re-ceptivity
of our senses. We know nothing but our manner of perceiving them; that
manner being peculiar to us, and not necessarily shared by every
being, though, no doubt, by every human being." [If Kant had not added
the last clause, his argument for the necessity of knowledge would
have fallen.] The moon as known to us is merely a bundle of sensations
(as Hume saw), unified (as Hume did not see) by our native mental
structure through the elaboration of sensations into perceptions, and
of these into conceptions or ideas; in result, the moon is for us
merely our ideas. [So John Stuart Mill, with all his English tendency
to realism, was driven at last to define matter as merely "a permanent
possibility of sensations."]

Not that Kant ever doubts the existence of "matter" and the external
world; but he adds that we know nothing certain about them except that
they exist. Our detailed knowledge is about their appearance, their
phenomena, about the sensations which we have of them. Idealism does
not mean, as the man in the street thinks, that nothing exists outside
the perceiving subject; but that a goodly part of every object is
created by the forms of perception and understanding: we know the
object as transformed into idea; what it is before being so
transformed we cannot know. Science, after all, is naive; it supposes
that it is dealing with things in themselves, in their full-blooded
external and uncorrupted reality; philosophy is a little more
sophisticated, and realizes that the whole material of science
consists of sensations, perceptions and conceptions, rather than of
things. "Kant's greatest merit," says Schopenhauer, "is the
distinction of the phenomenon from the thing-in-itself."

It follows that any attempt, by either science or religion, to say
just what the ultimate reality is, must fall back into mere
hypothesis; "the understanding can never go beyond the limits of
sensibility." Such transcendental science loses itself in
"antinomies," and such transcendental theology loses itself in
"paralogisms." It is the cruel function of "transcendental dialectic"
to examine the validity of these attempts of reason to escape from the
enclosing circle of sensation and appearance into the unknowable world
of things "in themselves."

Antinomies are the insoluble dilemmas born of a science that tries to
overleap experience. So, for example, when knowledge attempts to
decide whether the world is finite or infinite in space, thought
rebels against either supposition: beyond any limit, we are driven to
conceive something further, endlessly; and yet infinity is itself
inconceivable. Again: did the world have a beginning in time? We
cannot conceive eternity; but then, too, we cannot conceive any point
in the past without feeling at once that before that, something was.
Or has that chain of causes which science studies, a beginning, a
First Cause? Yes, for an endless chain is inconceivable; no, for a
first cause uncaused is inconceivable as well. Is there any exit from
these blind alleys of thought? There is, says Kant, if we remember
that space, time and cause are modes of perception and Conception,
which must enter into all our experience, since they are the web and
structure of experience; these dilemmas arise from supposing that
space, time and cause are external things independent of perception.
We shall never have any experience which we shall not interpret in
terms of space and time and cause; but we shall never have any
philosophy if we forget that these are not things, but modes of
interpretation and understanding.

So with the paralogisms of "rational" theology-which attempts to prove
by theoretical reason that the soul is an incorruptible substance,
that the will is free and above the law of cause and effect, and that
there exists a "necessary being," God, as the presupposition of all
reality. Transcendental dialectic must remind theology that substance
and cause and necessity are finite categories, modes of arrangement
and classification which the mind applies to sense-experience, and
reliably valid only for the phenomena that appear to such experience;
we cannot apply these conceptions to the noumenal (or merely inferred
and conjectural) world. Religion cannot be proved by theoretical
reason.

-------------------------

So the first Critique ends. One could well imagine David Hume,
uncannier Scot than Kant himself, viewing the results with a sardonic
smile. Here was a tremendous book, eight hundred pages long; weighted
beyond bearing, almost, with ponderous terminology; proposing to solve
all the problems of metaphysics, and incidentally to save the
absoluteness of science and the essential truth of religion. What had
the book really done? It had destroyed the naive world of science, and
limited it, if not in degree, certainly in scope,-and to a world
confessedly of mere surface and appearance, beyond which it could
issue only in farcical "antinomies"; so science was "saved"! The most
eloquent and incisive portions of the book had argued that the objects
of faith-a free and immortal soul, a benevolent creator-could never be
proved by reason; so religion was "saved"! No wonder the priests of
Germany protested madly against this salvation, and revenged
themselves by calling their dogs Immanuel Kant.

And no wonder that Heine compared the little professor of Konigsberg
with the terrible Robespierre; the latter had merely killed a king,
and a few thousand Frenchmen-which a German might forgive; but Kant,
said Heine, had killed God, had undermined the most precious arguments
of theology. "What a sharp contrast between the outer life of this
man, and his destructive, world-convulsing thoughts! Had the citizens
of Konigsberg surmised the whole significance of those thoughts, they
would have felt a more profound awe in the presence of this man than
in that of an executioner, who merely slays human beings. But the good
people saw in him nothing but a professor of philosophy; and when at
the fixed hour he sauntered by, they nodded a friendly greeting, and
set their watches."

Was this caricature, or revelation?
chazwin...
Posted: Sun Jul 13, 2008 5:38 am
Guest
On Jul 12, 1:48 pm, ibshambat2... at (no spam) hotmail.com wrote:
Quote:
Scott Peck was to psychology what Immanuel Kant
was to Western philosophy.

Oh yeah that is why everyone has heard of him!



In the same way as Kant
Quote:
had used philosophy, after a blossoming during
Enlightenment and Romanticism, to affectuate a
return to the Protestant dogmas that philosophy had
sought to replace, so did Peck use psychology, after its
psychoanalitic beginnings in early 20th century and its
existential humanistic blossoming in 1960s and 1970s,
to affectuate a return to religious dogmas that
psychology had struggled to overcome.


For which he luckily has seemed to have failed miserably, in the same
way Kant failed miserably to push philosophy into the pit of unreason
and despair that is religion. For that was not Kant's project. Kant's
god was an embarrassment to him.
His followers were generally more atheistic than Kant himself.



Quote:

The philosophy of Kant - and the psychology of Peck -
employed a device referred to by Mortimer Adler as
suicidal epistemologizing and suicidal psychologizing.
Kant claimed that the imperfection of human perception
meant that it was only capable of apprehending the
phenomenal (apparent) instead of the noumenal (the
true);

The noumenal has no special cliam to truth.


he also claimed that beauty was relative, illusory
Quote:
and insignificant ("in the eye"). With these claims he
trivialized and denigrated both science and art. In
creating in public mind the suspicion of both empirical
and intuitive modes of cognition, practiced respectively
by Enlightenment and Romanticism, he destroyed both
Enlightenment and Romanticism. In the same manner
did Peck, through his contributions, place in the public
mind contempt for and denigration of both reason and
passion, equating the first with Cartesian logic that was
inadequate to describe his experience of synchronicities,
and claiming the second an invalid basis for either
relationship or meaningful interaction. The result has
been contempt and invalidation of both reason and
passion and the destruction, first by philosophy then by
psychology, of both aspects of humankind.

Both of course are wrong in all aspects. Reason is not
limited to Cartesian dogmatism, and the intellectual and
scientific pursuits, in higher physics, anthropology, and
more advanced psychological studies, have uncovered
knowledge that entirely exceeds Cartesian dogmatisms
and its brainchildren - skepticism, behaviorism, logical
positivism, and similar abominations. Beauty has been
shown scientifically to exist both in absolute and in
relative forms.

Please cite! A most peculiar claim to make.

As for romantic passion, it has been at
Quote:
the root of the best marriages I've ever seen - marriages
that produced wholesome families, meaningful and
lasting love between partners, beautiful and intelligent
and accomplished children, and are still going strong 50
or 60 years down the road. In taking the stances that
they did, Kant and Peck thus became destructive of
both the intellectual and the passionate aspects of man -
and destructive of all the greatness and progress and
richness of life that these two aspects have produced.
And in pursuit of their dogmas, was created a character
that is essentially necrophilic (death-seeking) and
seeks to destroy, in its relations, policies, thoughts and
activities, all that creates and affirms and adds to life.

In both cases, a pursuit that produced great
improvement for many and at multiple levels was
effectively destroyed by being used against its own
foundations. With Kant, philosophy had destroyed itself -
both Enlightenment philosophy that made possible
Western science and Western democracy, and
Romantic philosophy that made possible the world's
greatest literature, cultural blossoming and richest
interpersonal experience and relations - by claiming the
mechanism for both to be imperfect or trivial. With
Peck, so did psychology, in both its analytical and its
humanistic aspect - by trivializing and denigrating the
aspects of human being to which it spoke and which
it worked to describe. And the pursuits that have given
the Western world its greatest accomplishments -
democracy, science, innovation, freedom, great
literature and art, understanding of nature, civil and
human rights, meaningful and beautiful relationships
between men and women, and humanistic life-affirming
values that went to a great length to make most of both
accomplishment and experience - were subverted by
the pursuit that had conceptualized them being used to
destroy its own foundations. And in both cases, the
result was an imposition, against a flourishing of life
through affirmation of passion and intellect, of orders
and character that were fundamentally anti-life.

The Victorianism that followed Kant, like the three
decades that followed Peck, were contemptuous of both
intellect and passion - contemptuous as such of the life-
enhancing and life-affirming aspects of humanity. It is a
mentality that by its own nature can only lend to
systemic violence, oppression, and war against both
feeling and intellect, which lead directly to abusive,
controlling and systematically destructive mental,
emotional and relational habits in people who are a part
of that mentality. But furthermore still it leads to destruction
of all that thought and feeling make possible: science,
democracy, freedom, ingenuity, innovaton, human rights,
beauty, compassion, art, love, vitality, and every meaningful
form of improvement in people's lives. This, of course, has
been the essential character of both the Victorian era and its
more contemporary equivalent. And just as Kant and Peck
came to believe that the source of evil was hubris - which
their followers use to damn both reason and passon and
people who affirmed, cultivated and benefited from both -
so has the far greater hubris of their own mentality made
apparent itself in its values and its effects.

In both cases, just as Kant used philosophy, and Peck
used psychology, to destroy the ages of reason and
passion, so have the concepts they brought in to
replace them convicted the orders that they had
ushered in. The Protestant morals that were used and
then hideously misused to sustain the dark night of
Victorianism were in the end employed themselves to
convict as morally damnable an order that consigned
the bulk of the people in it to colonization, child labor,
brutality, squalor, suffocating formalism, hysterical
prudery, internecine warfare, disconnection from life
both within and without, and brutal, cruel, degrading,
unforgiving existence. Likewise the concept of
responsibility that was used and then hideously
misused for the last three decades is now making
apparent the irresponsibility of suffocating innovation in
energy sector to keep alive the stranglehold of oil
cartels, giving taxpayer subsidies to beef industry that
takes 10 times as much biomass to produce a burger
than the vegetable industry to produce an equivalent
amount of grain, consuming 4,000 calories a day and
driving SUVs while millions are dying because of
disastrous climatic events caused by ecosystemic
destruction and accumulation of CO2 emissions in the
atmosphere, destroying with no thought for the future or
for what made them possible the natural treasures that
man cannot conceivably recreate, and ladening the
future generations with trillions of dollars in debt, amid
collapsing family incomes, in order to pay for an
economic stimulus that never came. By applying at the
collective level the characteristic that is demanded of
the individual, is seen the corruption of the arrangement
itself. Victorian moralism was rightfully used to show
the moral wrongness of the Victorian order; and the
more modern-day responsibility is likewise making
apparent the irresponsibility of the present one.

And just as personality psychology has been used and
hideously misused in the period following Peck to target
people who thought or felt differently from the social or
communal entities of place and time, whatever the
character of these entities or their intent or the actual
substance of their beliefs and behaviors, so has it been
used by others, rightly or wrongly, to describe business,
politics, religion, psychology, media, and even the
Western civilization, as possessing a psychopathic and
predatory character. The same concept is now used by
me to describe any communal or social entity that seeks
unlimited power over the minds, beliefs, personalities
and lives of the people within it - and then seeks to
impose itself on others.

To believe that an unofficial organ of power, that unlike
official organs of power in a constitutional democracy is
not subject to check and balance and official
accountability, is somehow less prone to corruption and
wrong and abuses of power than official organs of
power, is ridiculous. Such an entity becomes law,
reality and sanity unto itself and therefore is capable of
the worst forms of corruption and systemic crime. And
in countries where the power of official organs is
checked and balanced and made to accord with
constitution and bill of rights, but for some or another
reason the power of unofficial organs is not subjected to
similar scrutiny and is thus used to commit most
horrendous abuses and most illegal abominations
against the people within them and without them, these
entities not only can be seen as unconstitutional, but in
fact should be seen themselves as possessing the
worst of these disorders.

The sociopathic character that does not recognize law,
is the character of the community or the social network
that becomes law unto itself and thus not only
perpetuates and then covers up systemic crime while
totally controlling the people within it, but also
commands of people inside of them unconditional
loyalty regardless of scale of their crimes against
people both inside and without. And it is these
entities, not the people they demonize, that are the true
danger not only to democracy, but to humankind as it


Jesus! I hope you did not hand this essay in.


exists at this time and as it stands to exist in the
Quote:
foreseeable future. The crimes and coverups of small
towns, gangs, old-boy networks, cults, Islamists,
Jehovah's Witnesses, paramilitary organizations, and
corrupt networks and operations in medicine, law,
police, courts, psychiatry, and politics, are a far graver
threat to rule of law than are the works of any number of
axe murderers - and they affect people's lives to a far
greater extent.

The same can be likewise ...

read more »
chazwin...
Posted: Sun Jul 13, 2008 5:41 am
Guest
On Jul 12, 7:41 pm, Just Me <jpd... at (no spam) gmail.com> wrote:
Quote:
On Jul 12, 7:48 am, ibshambat2... at (no spam) hotmail.com wrote:



Scott Peck was to psychology what Immanuel Kant
was to Western philosophy. In the same way as Kant
had used philosophy, after a blossoming during
Enlightenment and Romanticism, to affectuate a
return to the Protestant dogmas that philosophy had
sought to replace, so did Peck use psychology, after its
psychoanalitic beginnings in early 20th century and its
existential humanistic blossoming in 1960s and 1970s,
to affectuate a return to religious dogmas that
psychology had struggled to overcome.

The philosophy of Kant - and the psychology of Peck -
employed a device referred to by Mortimer Adler as
suicidal epistemologizing and suicidal psychologizing.
Kant claimed that the imperfection of human perception
meant that it was only capable of apprehending the
phenomenal (apparent) instead of the noumenal (the
true); he also claimed that beauty was relative, illusory
and insignificant ("in the eye"). With these claims he
trivialized and denigrated both science and art.

Anyone who knows his Kant at first hand, recognizes all this for a
complete failure to comprehend the most fundamental elements of what
the great man had to say.

I think you are overplaying your hand here. Everyone who had the
pleasure to know Kant at first hand are all long dead.
Otherwise you are correct to say this hideous essay is a complete
misconception of Kant and his works.



Quote:

Here's just a few points from an essay on Kantian Metaphysics
from . . .

http://mackiemesser.zoomshare.com/2.shtml
--
Kant was being given to understand, most especially with a view to
Geometry, that by fixing upon certain indemonstrable First Principles
intuited as being self-evident, if what follows from those things
axiomatically is seen to be in accord with logic without fault, and as
such produces results in the real world, then this is science just as
surely as the empirical method is science. . .

Unlike the facts and data of empiricism, these theorems cannot be
proven by anything *prior* to themselves, or i.e. higher in priority
of universality, causality, time, position, motion, category, genus,
etc. This is the meaning of that which is *a priori*, better known, or
previously known.

Somewhere the process comes to that for which nothing is prior. And
this is where we come to a concept, a theorem, a principle which like
some star just radiates its truth self-evidently--but how?

This paragraph will be somewhat confusing, but this is to speak of
that which is in Kant's terms, "noumenal", the *thing in itself*,
entire. The noumenal reality which stands within and behind all
phenomena (the "subtle mind" and "subtle body" which Buddhists have
always understood) is something that the human mind already,
concretely, congenitally (albeit often unconsciously) knows, *a
priori* as untutored by anything outside the figure/ground *gestalt*
of itself and the thing contemplated.

Something the mind sees naturally, in that thing, of what it is, in
itself, *noumenatively*, it knows because something in the makeup of
the mind is like that thing, or somehow, by Nature, *is* that thing
and so has an affinity of understanding as to that thing.

Both things being natural, reason and the object of reason, the mind
knowing itself, ineffably knows its own nature, thinks its own nature,
works according to its nature, by which it intuits an analog of itself
to the thing of nature contemplated and understands what it is--mind
to thing--without intervention of anything else.

Here in the self-evident truth, the mind is in synthesis with its
object.
--
The triumph of Kant was supreme, in realms of thought and study where
empiricism can provide no useful data that would not be subject in its
interpretation to the fallacies of what he proves to be the logical
"antinomies" where the opposite of a proposition can be proven to be
just as valid as the proposition itself. Hence the ethical, political,
sociological and psychological arguments that go on ad infinitum, ad
nauseam.

Kant shows this to be the case whenever arguments from physical or
statistical data (phenomena) are given to the nonphysical "noumena" of
subjects such as God and Ethics, let alone politics, sociology, and as
I would argue, psychology. Such arguments can only speciously
analogize from phenomena to noumena whenever "thing in itself" under
study can produce no data of itself.

For example: no aspect of the law, "Thou shalt not commit adultery"
can be brought into the laboratory for observation and experiment. You
can't carbon date it, or subject it to spectral analysis, and you
can't speciously analogize from the adulterous white lab rat to the
skirt-chasing, philandering human--not unless you can dig up from the
ground somewhere the original tablets of the "Lab Rat Ten
Commandments" to show that there is consciousness of adultery in the
rat. And when the betrayed wife is heard to shout, "So now you come
home at three in the morning, you dirty, sneaking rat!" Will you
suppose to have found a significant correspondence between the lab and
the human condition?

Hardly. And for this reason the very noumenal quality of things like
adultery, murder, human kindness, the Oedipus complex, any alleged
lies behind the War in Iraq cannot be touched by the empirical method,
which is bound to turn up as much date for as against the endless
argumentation. Rather! These things are all ethical and sociological
geometries whose axioms may be arrived upon by no other approach than
that of Pure Reason.

And what are these but analyses and syntheses to and from self-
evident, a priori judgments, which are only so by force of their being
universal, absolute. As such, the analytically a priori is always
general, and never at hazard of being only speciously, or i.e.
specifically, anecdotally true.

To argue from the specific anecdote to the general is to mistake, or
dishonestly place the specious for the specific and to falsely
identify the specific as the general, the species of Howler monkey for
the whole genus of monkeys.

In lieu of having some knowledge at first hand in the pioneering
logical adventures and discoveries of Aristotle, there is little hope
of ever understanding Kant at any hand--and certainly not mine.
--
JMhttp://whosenose.blogspot.comhttp://jesusexegesis.blogspot.com
ZerkonX...
Posted: Sun Jul 13, 2008 8:20 am
Guest
On Sat, 12 Jul 2008 11:41:40 -0700, Just Me wrote:

Quote:
For example: no aspect of the law, "Thou shalt not commit adultery" can
be brought into the laboratory for observation and experiment.

To take up this point...

Yes, the observer must move out of the lab, outside of controlled
conditions and most of all outside of the world of absolutes found, or
thought to be found, in the physical world.

To the horror of both moral absolutists and amoral anarchists, law, which
is a system of morality, is relative to changing specifics, 'pure reason'
is one abstracted from concrete. It is tied to specific concrete
experiences that guide, not so much 'good' and 'bad', but more 'better'
and 'worse' or harmful/helpful for some or for all.

Dying after eating a poison plant can be tested. A law or commandment
that says not to, can not.

Quote:
And for this reason the very noumenal quality of things like
adultery, murder, human kindness, the Oedipus complex, any alleged
lies behind the War in Iraq cannot be touched by the empirical method,
which is bound to turn up as much date for as against the endless
argumentation.

Endless from pure choice. Humans actually engaged in such things need
resolve for basic survival and security. Law attempts to do this via
evidence that can be commonly held and examined. Morality does this via
belief but both, on a good day that is, are derived from the concrete
consequences those acts bring.
Malrassic Park...
Posted: Sun Jul 13, 2008 9:54 am
Guest
On Sat, 12 Jul 2008 23:19:33 -0700 (PDT), Immortalist
<reanimater_2000 at (no spam) yahoo.com> wrote:

Quote:

Give em something to refute man.

The Story of Philosophy
The Lives and Opinions of the Great Philosophers of the Western World
by WILL DURANT
http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/0671739166/

[C] - The Critique of Pure Reason

What is meant by this title? Critique is not precisely a criticism,
but a critical analysis; Kant is not attacking "pure reason," except,
at the end, to show its limitations; rather he hopes to show its
possibility, and to exalt it above the impure knowledge which comes to
us through the distorting channels of sense.

That's a terrible interpretation of Kant. Now I can see where Rand got
some of her "distorting" ideas about Kant, from popular scribblings
such as Durant's.

--

" If I had remembered that the name 'Galt' appears
in one of her books, I would have chosen a different
name for my character."

Stephen R. Donaldson, "Gradual Interview"
Just Me...
Posted: Sun Jul 13, 2008 9:56 am
Guest
On Jul 13, 10:41 am, chazwin <chazwy... at (no spam) yahoo.com> wrote:
Quote:
On Jul 12, 7:41 pm, Just Me <jpd... at (no spam) gmail.com> wrote:

Anyone who knows his Kant at first hand, recognizes all this for a
complete failure to comprehend the most fundamental elements of what
the great man had to say.

I think you are overplaying your hand here. Everyone who had the
pleasure to know Kant at first hand are all long dead.

There you see? A wonderful example of empirical data in form of a
statistical average lifespan, is here to fool us into thinking we know
something, quite necessarily and absolutely, whereas conversely, a
reliance on Pure Reason would have allowed for a person of my greatly
advanced age of 284 (going on 285); my place of birth on July 20, 1724
at Königsberg, Germany, where I was pleased, right along with the rest
of my fellow townsfolk, to have always the correct time, due to how we
set our clocks, not according to any position of the sun and stars,
but of Herr Kant, as he came walking by our houses at precisely the
same time every day!

Quote:
Otherwise you are correct to say this hideous essay is a complete
misconception of Kant and his works.

But have you seen the post of "Immortalist" containing text from Will
Durant's book? It's really the first and only account at second hand
I've seen of the Critique of Pure Reason, that agrees entirely with
my own first hand impressions got upon my many walks with the man, as
we were often given to meet and then cross every one of the Seven
Bridges of Königsberg during course of a pleasant peripatetic tête-à-
tête.

Or, if the weather was being a dirty bitch, it was not unusual to
encounter Kant over Liebfraumilch and kippers, of a crisp winter's eve
down in the warm womb of the Jolly Fraulein Lagerkeller, where toward
the turn of the century, we were often heard to tearfully lament the
Terror that had come of our earlier enthusiasm for the French
Revolution--for we had both formerly been of the happy, progressive
opinion that a society which places Reason on the throne of God, can
only have served to reveal who God really was, all along.

Boy, were we wrong!

In any case, whatever may be the opinion of skeptics concerning a
"popularizer" like Durant, even at that, he certainly has Bertrand
Russell beat, back of the hand down to the burning coals in the
ashtray, when it comes to his crumby, wimpy account of Kant in
"History of Western Philosophy" which is nothing but the usual
superficial scuttlebutt that gets handed down from lectern to
student's notes and back to lectern again, with barely a glance given
to the texts, at first hand.

And the result? As may be seen from the first post in this thread, it
has been not at all to produce, for the academy (nor anyone else), the
least insight into Kantian metaphysics but an absurd slander instead,
that would make of the man no more than a forerunner of purely
solipsistic Husserlian/Heideggerian phenomenalism. It certainly goes
to show how poorly understood the phenomena/noumena dichotomy has
always been--even that his whole philosophy should be boiled down to a
standard conception of it that is so cluelessly empty, and wrong.

And the tragedy is, so long as the true import of Kant's work in
Categorical Logic, as it decidedly is an extension and refinement of
the *Organon* of Aristotle; as it continues to be slandered and thus
unrecognized for the precisely tuned logical instrument it is, the
panacea of AI will continue to elude the efforts of software
engineers, who given the impetus to access this which is in Kant's
terms, "metaphysical science"--why! Wouldn't they be today far
advanced along the way toward realizing this perfectly attainable
dream?
--
JM http://whosenose.blogspot.com http://jesusexegesis.blogspot.com
Just Me...
Posted: Sun Jul 13, 2008 11:28 am
Guest
On Jul 13, 4:09 pm, Malrassic Park <malen... at (no spam) hotmail.com> wrote:
Quote:
On Sun, 13 Jul 2008 12:56:41 -0700 (PDT), Just Me <jpd... at (no spam) gmail.com

And the tragedy is, so long as the true import of Kant's work in
Categorical Logic, being decidedly an extension and refinement of
the *Organon* of Aristotle; as it continues to be slandered and thus
unrecognized for the precisely tuned logical instrument it is, the
panacea of AI will continue to elude the efforts of software
engineers, who given the impetus to access this which is in Kant's
terms, "metaphysical science"--why! Wouldn't they be today far
advanced along the way toward realizing this perfectly attainable
dream?

That's what I meant to say.

Glad to hear it. Next time that happens, do please just go on ahead
and say it to save my fingers from all this walking when they could
have been out for a pleasant Sunday stroll through the Yellow Pages,
looking for somebody who still knows how to fix funky G*d d at (no spam) mn four
barrel Rochester carburator?

Quote:
--

" If I had remembered that the name 'Galt' appears
in one of her books, I would have chosen a different
name for my character."

Stephen R. Donaldson, "Gradual Interview"

Poor Ayn. She just can't get no respect.
--
JM http://whosenose.blogspot.com http://jesusexegesis.blogspot.com
chazwin...
Posted: Sun Jul 13, 2008 12:53 pm
Guest
On Jul 13, 8:56 pm, Just Me <jpd... at (no spam) gmail.com> wrote:
Quote:
On Jul 13, 10:41 am, chazwin <chazwy... at (no spam) yahoo.com> wrote:

On Jul 12, 7:41 pm, Just Me <jpd... at (no spam) gmail.com> wrote:
Anyone who knows his Kant at first hand, recognizes all this for a
complete failure to comprehend the most fundamental elements of what
the great man had to say.

I think you are overplaying your hand here. Everyone who had the
pleasure to know Kant at first hand are all long dead.


There you see? A wonderful example of empirical data in form of a
statistical average lifespan, is here to fool us into thinking we know
something, quite necessarily and absolutely, whereas conversely, a
reliance on Pure Reason would have allowed for a person of my greatly
advanced age of 284 (going on 285); my place of birth on July 20, 1724
at Königsberg, Germany, where I was pleased, right along with the rest
of my fellow townsfolk, to have always the correct time, due to how we
set our clocks, not according to any position of the sun and stars,
but of Herr Kant, as he came walking by our houses at precisely the
same time every day!

Otherwise you are correct to say this hideous essay is a complete
misconception of Kant and his works.


But have you seen the post of "Immortalist" containing text from Will
Durant's book? It's really the first and only account at second hand
I've seen of the Critique of Pure Reason, that agrees entirely with
my own first hand impressions got upon my many walks with the man, as
we were often given to meet and then cross every one of the Seven
Bridges of Königsberg during course of a pleasant peripatetic tête-à-
tête.

I make it a point never to read Immortalist's postings because I
already know how to copy and paste from the Internet. Rebutting,
responding or replying in any way is like trying to argue with a
Telephone Directory.


Quote:

Or, if the weather was being a dirty bitch, it was not unusual to
encounter Kant over Liebfraumilch and kippers, of a crisp winter's eve
down in the warm womb of the Jolly Fraulein Lagerkeller, where toward
the turn of the century, we were often heard to tearfully lament the
Terror that had come of our earlier enthusiasm for the French
Revolution--for we had both formerly been of the happy, progressive
opinion that a society which places Reason on the throne of God, can
only have served to reveal who God really was, all along.

Boy, were we wrong!

In any case, whatever may be the opinion of skeptics concerning a
"popularizer" like Durant, even at that, he certainly has Bertrand
Russell beat, back of the hand down to the burning coals in the
ashtray, when it comes to his crumby, wimpy account of Kant in
"History of Western Philosophy" which is nothing but the usual
superficial scuttlebutt that gets handed down from lectern to
student's notes and back to lectern again, with barely a glance given
to the texts, at first hand.

And the result? As may be seen from the first post in this thread, it
has been not at all to produce, for the academy (nor anyone else), the
least insight into Kantian metaphysics but an absurd slander instead,
that would make of the man no more than a forerunner of purely
solipsistic Husserlian/Heideggerian phenomenalism. It certainly goes
to show how poorly understood the phenomena/noumena dichotomy has
always been--even that his whole philosophy should be boiled down to a
standard conception of it that is so cluelessly empty, and wrong.

And the tragedy is, so long as the true import of Kant's work in
Categorical Logic, as it decidedly is an extension and refinement of
the *Organon* of Aristotle; as it continues to be slandered and thus
unrecognized for the precisely tuned logical instrument it is, the
panacea of AI will continue to elude the efforts of software
engineers, who given the impetus to access this which is in Kant's
terms, "metaphysical science"--why! Wouldn't they be today far
advanced along the way toward realizing this perfectly attainable
dream?
--
JMhttp://whosenose.blogspot.comhttp://jesusexegesis.blogspot.com
 
Page 1 of 2    Goto page 1, 2  Next   All times are GMT - 5 Hours
The time now is Fri Oct 10, 2008 10:07 pm