Main Page | Report this Page
Computers Forum Index  »  Computer Artificial Intelligence - Philosophy  »  What evidence is there that a neuron is digital...
Page 3 of 5    Goto page Previous  1, 2, 3, 4, 5  Next

What evidence is there that a neuron is digital...

Author Message
Don Stockbauer...
Posted: Wed Jul 22, 2009 5:09 am
Guest
On Jul 21, 10:11 am, c... at (no spam) kcwc.com (Curt Welch) wrote:
Quote:
Don Stockbauer <donstockba... at (no spam) hotmail.com> wrote:
On Jul 19, 2:15=A0pm, c... at (no spam) kcwc.com (Curt Welch) wrote:
Tim Tyler <seemy... at (no spam) googlemail.com> wrote:
Curt Welch wrote:
The idea that physics runs on what is essentially a digital computer
explains why the universe is computable.

The universe isn't computable. Why would you say it is? There's
no evidence to support that it is. The Heisenberg uncertainty principle
shows that even if all physical effects could be computed, it's
impossible for us (as part of the universe) to ever measure the current
state to a precision required to show that it's computable on a finite
state machine.

Unless you can find a back door around the Heisenberg uncertainty
principle, the hypothesis is unfalsifiable and as such, worthless
drivel.

It's the back door of the substrate being able to be ignored when
higher levels emerge via the metasystem transition.  This is why you
can think being totally unaware of your neurons firing - they're at
the substrate level.  Elementary particles and molecules are even more
ignorable, as they are at a much lower level than neurons.

Or, another way to say that, is that there is much predictability at the
higher levels, and we can understand that predictability alone, without
having to understand why it's there - without having to understand the
predictability that exists at the lower level as well.


The highest levels are living systems, which may have some
predictability, but due to their free will are certainly not entirely
predicable.
 
Sly...
Posted: Wed Jul 22, 2009 5:15 am
Guest
casey wrote:
Quote:
On Jul 21, 11:31 am, c... at (no spam) kcwc.com (Curt Welch) wrote:


I hadn't heard of the electrical synapse.

I have. The suggestion is they work in conjunction with
inhibitory neurons to synchronize ...

Some seem to work in synchronizing different parts of the cortex (or of
the brain) ; others directly command emergency situation reactions.
 
Sly...
Posted: Wed Jul 22, 2009 5:15 am
Guest
Curt Welch wrote:
Quote:
Sly <Sly at (no spam) nowhere.com> wrote:
There's actually another kind of synapse: electrical synapse.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_synapse
[SNIP...]

Very interesting. I hadn't heard of the electrical synapse.


Me neither.

They've been detected very lately, in the years 2000. Actually once
chemical transmission have been detected, no body was expecting these
electrical transmission, so nobody was looking for them anymore :)

They seem to be many order of time less numerous than chemical synapses.
 
Sly...
Posted: Wed Jul 22, 2009 5:15 am
Guest
Doh! Bad memory: they've been found in the 1950ies in crayfishes, much
earlier than I said. On the other hand, there's more studies about them
since 2000 (easier research?).

Sly wrote:
Quote:
Curt Welch wrote:
Sly <Sly at (no spam) nowhere.com> wrote:
There's actually another kind of synapse: electrical synapse.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_synapse
[SNIP...]

Very interesting. I hadn't heard of the electrical synapse.


Me neither.

They've been detected very lately, in the years 2000. Actually once
chemical transmission have been detected, no body was expecting these
electrical transmission, so nobody was looking for them anymore :)

They seem to be many order of time less numerous than chemical synapses.
 
Tim Tyler...
Posted: Wed Jul 22, 2009 5:15 am
Guest
Don Geddis wrote:
Quote:
Tim Tyler <seemysig at (no spam) googlemail.com> wrote on Tue, 21 Jul 2009:
Don Geddis wrote:

I don't think that's quite the right way to think about it. You seem to be
suggesting that there actually is some precise state, and the uncertainty
principle is a mask over this state, not allowing us to see what it is.
That's exactly what I am saying.
The reality is, that the actual state is a distributed, spread-out thing.
No - or at least not in the MWI.

We seem to disagree about this.

Of course you /could/ say that the multiverse is "a distributed, spread-out
thing" - but it most certainly *does* have "a precise state".

Sure, the state is "precise". What I meant was, a photon is never just
"here". It is false to believe that the photon is "really" right here
in this exact location, only this annoying Heisenberg thing is preventing
us from measuring where it really is.

The reality is that the (one, single) photon is distributed throughout space.

Sure - in the multiverse, as MWI enthusiasts like to call it.

Quote:
It is deterministic and local - just like the universe was thought to be in
the good old days of Newtonian mechanics. The universe really is "out
there".

Deterministic, I'll give you. Local, not so much.

Right - but you have read http://www.hedweb.com/manworld.htm#local

....so what do you mean?

Quote:
Don't you think the double-slit experiment (especially if you accept MWI)
pretty convincingly shows you that photons are not local entities? A single
photon interferes with _itself_, going through _both_ slits.

Locality is in *configuration space*! In the MWI, reality is
the http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Configuration_space!

In the MWI, photons do *not* "interfere with themselves". Nor do they
"go through both slits". Rather the universe consists of many parallel
worlds, in each of which photons go through one slit - and then, if
these worlds are sufficiently similar, these interfere with each other.

Quote:
Uncertainty is in the mind. It is a psychological phenomenon.
The universe itself is not "uncertain".

I completely agree with you here.

So it really comes down to "local". I'll give you this much:
http://www.hedweb.com/manworld.htm#local
Namely, QM and MWI are constrained by special relativity, so there's no
instant "action at a distance".

But that's not the same as saying that photons "really are" in a very narrow
place at any given time, only we happen not to be able to measure what that
place is (due to some bizarre Heisenberg magic).

I never said that.
--
__________
|im |yler http://timtyler.org/ tim at (no spam) tt1lock.org Remove lock to reply.
 
Sly...
Posted: Wed Jul 22, 2009 5:15 am
Guest
Tim Tyler wrote:
Quote:
Sly wrote:

Still we DON'T KNOW how the brain operates. Digital? Continuous?

We know this mouch:
[...]

Interesting link, thx!


Quote:
But nerve impulses are not dragooned
into bytes: they don't assemble into discrete code numbers. Instead,
the strength of the message (the loudness of the sound, the brightness
of the light, maybe even the agony of the emotion) is encoded as the
rate of impulses. Engineers know this as Pulse Frequency Modulation,
and it was popular with them before Pulse Code Modulation was
adopted.

Funny, that also sounds like Huffman compression Smile
 
Tim Tyler...
Posted: Thu Jul 23, 2009 12:49 am
Guest
Don Geddis wrote:
Quote:
Tim Tyler <seemysig at (no spam) googlemail.com> wrote on Wed, 22 Jul 2009:
Curt Welch wrote:

In all higher level issues except quantum mechanics, I would say we have
discovered that there is always an underlying state we simply don't fully
know. Talking like that implies there is something there to be known, and
that we simply didn't have the correct equipment or sensors in place to
collect the data. With quantum mechanics however, we are standing on the
edge of the cliff. We don't know what's on the other side and it's no
longer just a matter of not having the correct equipment or sensors in
place. There are tools available to show us the state. It's simply
unknown.
Jaynes proposes we apply Occam's razor, and extend this to quantum mechanics.
If you do that, what you get is the MWI.

I still think your wording is misleading.

Curt's description suggests a "hidden variable" theory:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hidden_variable_theory
but Bell's Theorem
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bell%27s_theorem
explicitly rules those out (the local ones, anyway).

See:

''So where did Bell and Eberhard go wrong? They thought that all
theories that reproduced the standard predictions must be non-local.
It has been pointed out by both Albert [A] and Cramer [C] (who both
support different interpretations of QM) that Bell and Eberhard had
implicity assumed that every possible measurement - even if not
performed - would have yielded a single definite result. This
assumption is called contra-factual definiteness or CFD [S].
What Bell and Eberhard really proved was that every quantum
theory must either violate locality or CFD. Many-worlds with
its multiplicity of results in different worlds violates CFD,
of course, and thus can be local.''

- http://www.hedweb.com/manworld.htm#bell
--
__________
|im |yler http://timtyler.org/ tim at (no spam) tt1lock.org Remove lock to reply.
 
casey...
Posted: Thu Jul 23, 2009 3:10 am
Guest
On Jul 22, 5:32 pm, Wolf K <weki... at (no spam) sympatico.ca> wrote:
Quote:
casey wrote:
By the way I spent a lot of time some years ago trying
to find out what Curt's views were, while, unlike anyone
else, programming a working version of his net. He would
talk about two pulses never entering the units at the
same time because of the infinitesimal difference all
pulses would have in time.



[...]

Quote:
I think maybe you've overlooked the fact that in biological
systems events that are "close enough together in time" are
parsed as "simultaneous."

Why are you trying to reinterpret Curt's words to try and
make it sound like he is talking sense and I am not?

I haven't overlooked that fact events close together can be
taken as simultaneous in the biological world, I have made
a point of it. How many of my posts do you actually read?
Do you remember Curt's comments when I made a similar
observation with respect to his "long temporal patterns"?

However events that are *not* close in time can also be
associated such as food and feeling sick. Whereas other
things close in time like an electric shock and pecking
a green bead will never be associated by the chick.

The problem with the Skinner box and the behaviour of rats,
pigeons and monkeys is it told us more about the limitations
of the Skinner box than it did about animals.


JC
 
Wolf K...
Posted: Thu Jul 23, 2009 4:22 am
Guest
Tim Tyler wrote:
[...]I don't really
Quote:
care what term you use to refer to this information hiding - the point is
that the information is not all accessible to embedded observers.
[...]


Well, that's true. IMO.

wolf k.
 
casey...
Posted: Sat Jul 25, 2009 3:12 am
Guest
On Jul 24, 7:59 pm, c... at (no spam) kcwc.com (Curt Welch) wrote:

Quote:
Are you honestly that lost about how spike signals code information in the
temporal domain?

read this...

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neural_coding

I have folders full of stuff on spiking neurons and have
implemented some of the techniques including temporal coding.
You certainly know how to worm around things knowing what to
avoid and how to twist what I say. You should have been a
creationist you would have done well.

JC
 
casey...
Posted: Mon Jul 27, 2009 1:54 am
Guest
On Jul 26, 2:20 pm, Wolf K <weki... at (no spam) sympatico.ca> wrote:
Quote:
casey wrote:

[...]

The question however is not about the "right frame of mind" but
what a particular neuron *actually does* in terms of pulses in
and pulses out keeping in mind there are different neurons and
they behave differently.


It turns genes on and off.

So behaviorists can have a peek inside the black box to explain
the behavior?

JC
 
Wolf K...
Posted: Mon Jul 27, 2009 5:16 am
Guest
casey wrote:
Quote:
On Jul 26, 2:20 pm, Wolf K <weki... at (no spam) sympatico.ca> wrote:
casey wrote:

[...]

The question however is not about the "right frame of mind" but
what a particular neuron *actually does* in terms of pulses in
and pulses out keeping in mind there are different neurons and
they behave differently.

It turns genes on and off.

So behaviorists can have a peek inside the black box to explain
the behavior?

JC


That's a stoopid remark, JC, and not worthy of you.

Read Matt Ridley's Nature Via Nurture for some almost current (ca. 2004)
information on how neurons function. It was the implications of that
information that suggested to me that a neuron is a network, not a
switch, and not a gate. (1) Whether any particular neuron's function can
be modelled as a switch or gate is another issue - FWIW, I'm quite sure
that some can be modelled as gates or switches.

(1) The ANN's subjected to "supervised" or "reinforcement" learning are
IMO models of neurons. That is, individual neurons can be trained to
respond so some pattern of inputs. (Since these inputs come from many
other neurons, the pattern is spatio-temporal, and it's spatio-temporal
patterns that ANNs are trained to recognise.) In fact, it's been
observed that some neurons (or very small clusters of neurons) respond
to very specific environmental inputs. Eg, there have been reports that
suggest that a single neuron fires for each face we recognise. I don't
know if that's been replicated or confirmed, but it's "suggestive", as
they say.

The internal mechanisms involve the turning on and off of genes, which
in turn control the production of the proteins that affect the
production and processing of the neuro-transmitters. But exactly what
the network of chemical reaction inside the neuron means in functional
(computational?) terms is not at all clear. One thing is clear: some
genes are turned on and off only once, which would explain such
one-time-only learning as "imprinting."

That same information suggests to me that it's "turtles (conditioning)
all the way down." So we have to have a good model of conditioning. that
model need not replicate actual conditioning, any more than fixed wing
aircraft replicate birds. But they must be functionally equivalent. I'm
annoyed at you for not taking my sketch of a minimal conditionable
network seriously, as I think you could refine and program it.

cheers,
wolf k.
 
Don Stockbauer...
Posted: Fri Jul 31, 2009 8:02 pm
Guest
On Jul 31, 12:29 pm, c... at (no spam) kcwc.com (Curt Welch) wrote:
Quote:
Don Stockbauer <donstockba... at (no spam) hotmail.com> wrote:
On Jul 31, 1:16=A0am, c... at (no spam) kcwc.com (Curt Welch) wrote:
Someone once talked to me about making a branding iron for them and I
did a little research but didn't get to do it. He got an old friend
"back home" to make it for him. Still seem like it would be fun to make
one.

I don't have the welding skills.  My friend, Kort Angerstein, would be
able to do it in his blacksmith shop, but he doesn't seem to want to
get together too much anymore.

:(

Yeah for the past few years I've been learning metalworking for the fun of
it (partially motivated by wanting to do more robotics AI work).  I took 6
welding classes at my local community college to complete their welding
certificate program and this year, I've been getting into blacksmithing
though a local blacksmithing guild.  I was just at a class last night which
is part of the second course I've taken so far on blacksmithing.  Making a
branding iron would be simple and fun for me.  Sorry your blacksmithing
friend doesn't want to get together any more!  Welding is neat, but
blacksmithing is just down right fun (as long as you stay away from that
farrier nonsense where animals want to bite and kick you all the time).

Welding is one of those things, like many other things, that I should
spend time getting better at.

Quote:

Oh God, stop talking about it before it takes us over! You are only
feeding the monster! :)

Does refusing to talk about it change it from a runaway positive
feedback situation to a moderated one using negative feedback
control?  Usually no feedback means extinction or explosion.  Feedback
means control.  Or in this case, does feedback mean extinction?  Is
this yet another paradox of the GB?

I think talking about not talking about it is as much feeding the monster
as is normal talking about it. Smile  It keeps growing more every day whether
we like it or not.

Not only talking but everything that happens on the Earth. It really
should not be called the Global Brain, but instead the Global Living
Organism. Everything in the ecology contributes - trees growing,
sunlight falling on the Earth, etc. Human thought is merely the
(highest?) level.

I see it happening all around me. Evolution is now at electronic
speeds, where before it was at mechanical speeds, and before that at
biological speeds. And it might not necessarily be a monster. It
might be the ultimate Utopia, formed from more and more communication
at a higher and higher level, involving more and more people. How
many times more capacity would the GB have than a single human brain?
A billion? A trillion? Quadrillion? Is this what Clarke foresaw,
inspiring his three laws?
 
Curt Welch...
Posted: Fri Jul 31, 2009 9:29 pm
Guest
Don Stockbauer <donstockbauer at (no spam) hotmail.com> wrote:
Quote:
On Jul 31, 1:16=A0am, c... at (no spam) kcwc.com (Curt Welch) wrote:

Someone once talked to me about making a branding iron for them and I
did a little research but didn't get to do it. He got an old friend
"back home" to make it for him. Still seem like it would be fun to make
one.

I don't have the welding skills. My friend, Kort Angerstein, would be
able to do it in his blacksmith shop, but he doesn't seem to want to
get together too much anymore.

:(

Yeah for the past few years I've been learning metalworking for the fun of
it (partially motivated by wanting to do more robotics AI work). I took 6
welding classes at my local community college to complete their welding
certificate program and this year, I've been getting into blacksmithing
though a local blacksmithing guild. I was just at a class last night which
is part of the second course I've taken so far on blacksmithing. Making a
branding iron would be simple and fun for me. Sorry your blacksmithing
friend doesn't want to get together any more! Welding is neat, but
blacksmithing is just down right fun (as long as you stay away from that
farrier nonsense where animals want to bite and kick you all the time).

Quote:
Oh God, stop talking about it before it takes us over! You are only
feeding the monster! :)

Does refusing to talk about it change it from a runaway positive
feedback situation to a moderated one using negative feedback
control? Usually no feedback means extinction or explosion. Feedback
means control. Or in this case, does feedback mean extinction? Is
this yet another paradox of the GB?

I think talking about not talking about it is as much feeding the monster
as is normal talking about it. Smile It keeps growing more every day whether
we like it or not.

--
Curt Welch http://CurtWelch.Com/
curt at (no spam) kcwc.com http://NewsReader.Com/
 
Tim Tyler...
Posted: Sun Aug 02, 2009 1:25 am
Guest
Curt Welch wrote:

Quote:
Our global economy is what creates and drives our universal cooperation.
It's already here and going strong. It will continue to grow stronger over
time, both as new technologies emerge, and as new generations adapt to the
systems we already have in place. There is still much more than can be
done, but relatively speaking, I think it's a far stretch to try and claim
we don't already have universal cooperation.

Universal cooperation is intended to mean that everything (or practically
everything) in the (living) universe cooperates.

It means there's one big organism: http://alife.co.uk/essays/one_big_organism/

Today, that is far away - witness all the wars and fighting.
--
__________
|im |yler http://timtyler.org/ tim at (no spam) tt1lock.org Remove lock to reply.
 
 
Page 3 of 5    Goto page Previous  1, 2, 3, 4, 5  Next
All times are GMT
The time now is Sun Nov 29, 2009 3:31 pm